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A pressing need in the study of organizations is for more research into how an organization's values (an organization's guiding principles and beliefs as perceived by its members) affect managerial decision-making. Traditional theories have been based on a "rational model," which focuses on the decision-maker and either ignores the organizational value climate or conveniently assumes that the organization's values are consistent or clearly prioritized. In reality, however, decisions are shaped not only by a manager's own values, but also by those of the corporate culture and of organizational superiors. A recent study found that managers' most stressful decisions involved "value contention争吵,争论" (conflicts among any of these sets of values). 进一步解释什么是value contention: Furthermore, different types of organizational value systems were associated with different frequencies of contending values as well as with different types of managerial response. 到这里才开始说,这个value contention是怎么affect managers的:Explicit corporate values, for example, produced a greater percentage of decisions that were Q stressful due to value contention. Hidden values (those that an organization practices but does not acknowledge or which a superior furtively pursues in opposition to the values of the organization) produced a lower level of value contention. Although explicit values created more value contention, they were nonetheless关键的在后面 more likely to produce flexible, well-reasoned decisions. Conversely, managers perplexed by hidden values reported feeling unable to identify an appropriate range of options.
这篇全对。文章脉络非常清楚,但是题目比较晦涩,考的全是细节题。
毁三观的单词意思:content n.内容;v.满意,愿意 contention n.争吵,争论 contend v.(尤指在争吵中)声称,主张
易混:intention n.计划,打算,意图
According to the passage, value contention has been shown to affect managers by
A decreasing their ability to conform顺从,顺应,遵守 to the values of the organization
B decreasing their ability to discern觉察出,识别出 clearly the guiding principles and beliefs of the organization
C narrowing their range of options in the decision-making process
D increasing the frequency and intensity of conflicts with superiors and subordinates
E increasing the level of mental or emotional strain that accompanies the decision-making process 相当于同义替换了
五个选项全读完,总能找到一个同义替换。
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