求助 OG - Diagnostic test - CR-30

chanel98

题目是：
A physically active lifestyle has been shown to help increase longevity. In the Wistar region of Bellaria, the average age at death is considerably higher than in any other part of the country. Wistar is the only mountainous part of Bellaria. A mountainous terrain makes even such basic activities as walking relatively strenuous; it essentially imposes a physically active lifestyle on people. Clearly, this circumstancee explains the long lives of people in Wistar.
Which of the following, if ture, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. In Bellaria all medical expenses are paid by the government, so that personal income does not affect the quality of health care a person receives
B. The Wistar region is one of Bellaria's least populated regions.
C. Many people who live in the Wistar region have moved there in middle age or upon retirement
D.  The many opportunities for hiking, skiing, and other outdoor activities that Wistar's mountains offer make it a favourite destination for vacationing Bellarians.
E. Per capita spending on recreational activities is no higher in Wistra than is is in other regions of Bellaria..

答案选了C, 我自己选B。。不明白为什么要选C啊。如果Wistar地区人很少的话，极端一点，只有两个老人，都是一百多岁去世的，不能说明山区地形让人长寿啊（样本太少了，所以选了B）。

对于C，就算是人们在退休后才搬过去，不代表他们一定能活得长啊（平均年龄会更高，但是平均寿命不一定啊）。跟平均寿命没啥关系吧。。。


希望和大家一起讨论下：）多谢先！！

danielsu

sdcar2010 发表于 2011-4-4 21:02
C,as compared to B,most seriously weakens the argument!!-- by 会员 alannesta (2011/4/4 19:56:18)
...

头像看了30s

DeliciaAn

顶一下九楼！！
好经典！好严谨！

我好崇拜啊。。。。

alzn2765

我觉得这道题的提示在 the average age at death is considerably higher
其他地方有人生下来就死了或者很年轻就死了，再加上正常老死的，平均一下得到一个当地的the average age at death。
Wistar region这个地方的人，都是50岁甚至70岁才活着搬过来这里的（那些年轻就死了的肯定不可能搬过来了），因为其他地方那些很年轻就死的在Wistar region相对少了，所以导致Wistar region的the average age at death比其他地区要高。

这个“他因”削弱了Wistar region人长寿是因为喜爱运动的可能性。

fiona581

sdcar2010 发表于 2012-3-7 22:35
For those who chose A), pay attention to the phrase "In the Wistar region of Bellaria." So people li ...

同意！               

fiona581

danyuchn 发表于 2012-9-23 01:02
A physically active lifestyle has been shown to help increase longevity. In the Wistar region of Bel ...

同意！               

fiona581

yxu16 发表于 2012-3-7 13:57
我也觉得这样理解的话A也很对啊，人们长寿不一定是因为生活习惯，医疗保险什么的也可能是原因啊 ...

同意！               

pmawen

想到B如何解释：The Wistar region is one of Bellaria's least populated regions.
least populated是一个相对的概念，W地区仍然可能有统计上显著的人口（从而使得人均寿命这件事具有统计显著性），虽然从比例上来说，可能仍然是人口最稀少的地区

sdcar2010

"Many people" does not mean "ALL people"!!!  

Make sure you understand the English.

Many = 1-100, not 100 (All).

danyuchn

A physically active lifestyle has been shown to help increase longevity. In the Wistar region of Bellaria, the average age at death is considerably higher than in any other part of the country. Wistar is the only mountainous part of Bellaria. A mountainous terrain makes even such basic activities as walking relatively strenuous; it essentially imposes a physically active lifestyle on people. Clearly, this circumstancee explains the long lives of people in Wistar.

Which of the following, if ture, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) In Bellaria all medical expenses are paid by the government, so that personal income does not affect the quality of health care a person receives
(B) The Wistar region is one of Bellaria's least populated regions.
(C) Many people who live in the Wistar region have moved there in middle age or upon retirement
(D) The many opportunities for hiking, skiing, and other outdoor activities that Wistar's mountains offer make it a favourite destination for vacationing Bellarians.
(E) Per capita spending on recreational activities is no higher in Wistra than is is in other regions of Bellaria.

讀完題幹，知道要問削弱。

讀完文章後，抓到幾個重點：
1. 身體活動可以增進壽命。
2. W這個地方的平均壽命比該國其他地方高。
3. W是該國唯一的山地。
4. 山地讓人更健走（耐走）- 身體有活動到。

M.C. 這解釋了為何W的人比該國其他地方的人更長壽。

這題的邏輯不難，屬於單鏈型，就是：
W是唯一的山地-山地讓人更耐走-身體活動到-增加壽命-平均壽命較高

屬於「漂亮」的「理論型」推論。另外，題目比的是W跟全國。屬於橫向比較。

漂亮的理論型推論的常見削弱策略有兩種：另有他因/倒果為因。

有了這樣的預期，那我們就來看選項吧。

A. 全國醫療費用政府買單，所以收入不影響醫療品質。
沒有點出「橫向比較」，無關 X

B. W的是該國人口最少的區域之一。
講「之一」，代表不是唯一。
注意題目強調的是「唯一」最長壽的區域(than any part...)
另外，人口少跟壽命長短沒有直接關係。無關 X

C. 現在住在W的人都是中老年才搬過來的。
告訴我們這些人並不是因為一直住在當地常走山路才會長壽
（因為他們之前住在其他地方）
屬於標準「另有他因」－別的地方讓他們長壽，而不是W本身。 V

D. W當地發展許多戶外活動，讓W成為該國旅遊勝地。
探討長壽原因跟是否為旅遊勝地無關。 X

E. W的人均娛樂消費跟該國其他地方差不多。
娛樂跟身體運動並不一樣（可能還有看電影之類的...），完全無法打到原本的推論。
屬於偷換概念型的混淆選項。 X
（不仔細的人可能就把recreational activities跟physical activities混在一起了）

---
如果能在讀完文章跟題幹後就能預測「正確選項」的長相，
那麼時間一定可以縮短，正確率一定可以大大提昇。

Dustin