揽瓜阁逻辑做题小分队 第105天

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1. Nutritionist: Some scientists suggest that the high incidence of diabetes and certain other chronic health conditions in highly industrialized societies, as compared with some non-industrialized societies, results from the high-fat, high-calorie eating patterns of the former. However, studies show that humans today can healthily meet their nutritional needs by using any of a wide variety of nutritional strategies. Thus, these health problems in the industrial world probably are not caused by the deviations from a low-fat, low-calorie eating pattern.
Which of the following would, if found by researchers to be true, most strengthen the nutritionist’s argument?
A. Diabetes is increasing in all highly industrialized societies in which the percentage of fat-derived calories in the typical diet is also increasing.
B. Present-day societies that get most of their calories from low-fat foods derived from plants have a very low incidence of diabetes.
C. Present-day hunter-gatherer societies that consume on average more fat and calories than do people in highly industrialized societies have a very low incidence of the health conditions in question.
D. Certain groups of people in North America who derive a smaller proportion of their total calories from fat than do typical people in other highly Industrialized societies have, on average, a low incidence of chronic health conditions.
E. The chemical composition of Paleolithic human bones shows that the ratios among types of foods in these early humans’ diets were similar to the ratios found in modern nonindustrial societies.



2. Compared to regular automobile fuel, low-sulfur automobile fuel produces a lower volume of harmful emissions such as sulfur oxides. In an attempt to improve the air quality in Litania, the Litanian government has cut the excise tax on low-sulfur fuel to a point well below that of regular fuel. Since automobiles perform equally well with either fuel, the government hopes that such a tax cut will encourage drivers to switch from regular fuel to the less polluting low-sulfur fuel.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously call into question the Litanian government's plan to use this tax cut to improve air quality?
A. Automobile fuel is not the sole source of sulfur oxides in the atmosphere.
B. In terms of sulfur oxide emissions, the air quality of Litania is not as bad as the air quality of neighboring countries.
C. Some drivers in Litania are unaware of the availability of low-sulfur fuel as an alternative to regular fuel.
D. The cut in the excise tax for low-sulfur fuel is large enough to encourage significantly greater automobile use.
E. Many Litanian drivers remain unconvinced that automobile emissions are a significant threat to air quality.



参考答案：
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zyycn 发表于 2021-12-8 17:06
1、现象：发达国家比非发达国家慢性疾病发病率高，原因：不是由于发达国家人爱吃高热量食物导致。
问streng ...

同意！但是有一个bug，没说是增加什么车的使用               

zyycn

1、现象：发达国家比非发达国家慢性疾病发病率高，原因：不是由于发达国家人爱吃高热量食物导致。
问strength
思考：果因论证，考虑加强因果联系、排除他因削弱、类比加强或直接加强原因

A：发达国家糖尿病发病率和高热量食品占比一起上升。方向反。
B：吃低热量食物的人们得病率低。方向反。
C：当代捕猎社会吃的比发达国家还要高热量，但是得病率低。正确，类比加强。
D：吃热量少食物的人们比其他人发病率低。方向反。
E：早期人类吃的与非发达国家一样。无关。

选C

2、方案：生产低硫燃料减税，目标：改善空气质量。
问weaken
思考：方案论证，考虑削弱方案有效性、方案副作用

A：燃料并不是空气中硫的唯一来源。无关。
B：L空气质量并不比周边差。无关。
C：一些司机不知道可以用低硫燃料替代普通燃料。some不对，其他司机知道就能改善。
D：减税幅度会大幅提升车辆使用。正确，反而使排放增多了，方案副作用。
E：司机不知道排放对空气有害。无关。

选D

svwma

CD

WhiteZx

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