【揽瓜阁4.0】lisafit打卡贴

lisafit

【揽瓜阁4.0】+lisafit打卡贴

lisafit

Day1 2021.02.08 阅读文章2 Green house Effect

阅读时间 2min16s 整理时间 8min02s 合计 10min18s

【Structure】1：提出问题—climate的危害和紧迫性
2：解决方案1—国家们减少碳排放：合作难度大，不可行；解决方案2—国际合作发展geoengineering技术
3：强调geoengineering必须要在国际间合作完成，一个国家自顾自地进行会有很大危害
4：国际合作geoengineering的三个方面：1. 风险评估 2. 为必要实验提供资金和政府保护，实验要透明化 3. 技术测试和运用标准的起草


【Vocabulary】
deployment 部署

lisafit

Day1 2021.02.08 阅读文章1 Women still face barriers in the workplace：Many arguments about female progress are a convenient fiction for men

阅读时间 3min17s 整理时间 16min03s 合计 19min20s

【Structure】1-4：最近的两本书，MK和SH分别写到女性在职场面临的障碍；引出女性在职场仍然面临的一些问题
5-7：女性在职场面临的glass ceiling；对女性在外表等方便格外严苛的要求
8-9：对男女天生适合不同职业的反驳——是这些职业之前有女性准入障碍造成的
10-11：不是choice的锅，也不是能力的锅，是男性对女性的态度应该改变

【Vocabulary】
forsake 放弃
patriarchy 父权
scruffily 邋遢地
a raw deal 不公平的待遇

lisafit

DAY 10 阅读文章2 Is Hospital Competition Wasteful?

阅读时间 2min31s 整理时间 14min13s 合计 16min44s

【Main Idea】观点对比
观点1：医院竞争无意义，类似于军备竞赛—— the MAR hypothesis
观点2：医院数量和竞争是由市场决定的‘
作者研究了加州医院的数据，研究结果支持观点2

【Structure】
观点1： the MAR hypothesis 认为，医院竞争是资源的浪费——既导致医疗成本上升；又导致医疗服务质量下降（不能利用规模经济）

the MAR hypothesis 在社会和媒体的影响力很大，列举了两个医疗方面的merger判例，两个法院判决都是判医院的合并，减少竞争

作者反驳：经济学认为，一个地区当地医院数量是由当地市场的大小决定的
提出实证研究两个问题：
1. 市场不变的时候，MAR是否有边际影响力？
2. MAR的影响是否大到足以保证政策利益?

【Vocabulary】
While the MAR hypothesis is commonly accepted in the health industry, it completely reverses traditional economic thinking about the salutory effects of competition.

lisafit

DAY 10 阅读文章1 The eyes have it：A new book reveals the excessive attention paid to how executives look

阅读时间 3min22s 整理时间 11min 合计 14min22s

【Main Idea】总结一本书的观点
【Structure】

1-2：书的话题引入：how people respond to visual status signals.
3-4：evolved respect for those with a higher social position
5-6：Humans tend to respect men with particular physical characteristics.
7：外表也影响到底层员工是否会被选择；女性求职者更容易受到外表评价的影响
8：公司选人也看公司处境，情况越不好越容易选性格强硬的管理者
9: “halo effect”：如果有一个突出亮点，外表就没那么重要了
10: 作者发表看法：对人们的评价很主观，很容易受外表误导，建议用AI做决策会比较客观

该篇比较好懂，没啥生词

lisafit

DAY 9 阅读文章2 Radiocarbon Dating by Accelerator MassSpectrometry

阅读时间 4min09s 整理时间 11min53s 合计 16min02s

【Main Idea】accelerator dating这个新dating手段的给力
【Structure】
1. 总：传统dating方式不好（2万年开外的考古dating精度急剧下降）;新的accelerator dating方式好
2. 展开传统dating方式不足：sample size （很小的modern carbon contamination就会影响到精读，导致可用样本变少）和background radiation（无法区分是Carbon放射还是背景放射）
3. accelerator dating的好处：改进容易，结果consistent
4-5. 两个成功运用了accelerator dating的实践案例：first human migrations to the New World和establishing an uthoritative chronology of Neanderthal man
【Vocabulary】
the insurmountable problem 难以攻克的难题
Moreover, conventional radiocarbon dating would  still face the insurmountable problem  of discriminating the radioactivity of  the sample from ambient background  radiation.

lisafit

DAY 9 阅读文章1 Using satellites to spot industry’s methane leaks：To help combat climate change

阅读时间 4min09s 整理时间 9min18s 合计 13min27s

【Structure】
1. 引入：Claire卫星在监测Turkmenistan甲烷泄漏中起到的作用
2. 甲烷作为温室气体的危害
3. Turkmenistan甲烷泄漏事件的严重性
4. 历史上的大型甲烷泄漏事件
5. Methane can be detected spectroscopically. 卫星上安上光谱仪就可以检测了。
6-8.  Claire（离地面较近）检测甲烷泄漏的设备和原理简介；卫星探测比地面探测更可靠；Other methane-hunting satellites are coming.
9：甲烷泄漏监测的重要性

【Vocabulary】
On top of that, for firms seeking to burnish their green credentials, plugging leaks is one of the most effective things they can do to help combat climate change.

lisafit

DAY 8 阅读文章2 Anna Wetherill Olmsted and the Ceramic National exhibitions in 1930s USA

阅读时间 2min49s 整理时间 14min21s 合计 17min10s
【Structure】
关于AWO在 Ceramic的历史地位
作者观点：正评价，尽管AWO的影响力由强到弱
1. 1950s，AWO在学术界影响力很大，期刊经常提到她
2. 1989年期刊就没有提到AWO了，原因：她不是陶艺家，而是策展人
3. AWO不善于自我宣传；策展人地位下降，AWO退居二线
4. AWO影响力的改变是伴随着美国陶艺界侧重点的改变的：1939年主要是experimental ceramics，策展人的作用很大


【词汇】
waxed and waned 增增减减，阴晴圆缺
curator 策展人
Retrospectively, it can be seen that Olmsted’s fluctuating reputation went hand in hand with changing priorities in American ceramics.

lisafit

DAY 8 阅读文章1 Does it matter if “The Crown” fictionalises reality?It is more truthful than the story the royals sold

阅读时间 3min14s 整理时间 19min 合计 22min14s

【Structure】
1. 英国文化部长对王冠剧情的抗议
2. 作者反驳：All drama that involves real people is, to some extent, fiction
3. 保守派和皇室奴才们对剧情的不满
4. 作者反驳：that is one of the costs of free speech
5. 作者反驳：最可笑的指控是与事实不符。Yet the monarchy, too, is a purveyor of fiction. 本身温莎家族在媒体面前的形象就是他们塑造的一个人设，和电视剧一样，也不是完全真实的。
6. 讽刺政客的双标：如果要在电视剧的真实性这个问题上装高风亮节的话，还是先看看自己在政治问题上撒了多少谎吧

【词汇】
traduce 诽谤
flunkeys 奴才 pin-up 海报女郎

a rasping termagant 一个令人焦躁的泼妇

Its theme is the conflict between duty and personal fulfilment, which causes pain to cascade down from generation to generation.

veracity 诚实

lisafit

Day7 加餐
阅读时间 1min06s 整理时间6min39s 合计 7min45s
【structure】
历史上北美殖民地的工匠们因为是体力劳动者被看不起；但是独立战争加入抵抗队伍使得他们有了政治权利；但是伴随着政治权力而来的是工匠们经济地位的下降——大规模生产和速度的需求，使得大量unskilled workers和机器被使用，工匠数量也大大减少了

【vocabulary】

the vanguard of resistance 抵抗先锋

slur 毁谤

Where speed and quantity were no paramount over quality and where a mentoring tradition was replaced with ideas of individual enterprise.

The artisan of the North American colonies in the eighteenth century was granted little respect. Elevating those who did no manual labor above those who did, the socially elite looked down on the artisan, the termed “mechanic”. This same elite, however, frequently found itself depending upon “mere mechanics” in the rebellion against British rule. Groups like the Committee of Mechanics in the New York stood in the vanguard of resistance, and tradesmen increasingly assumed leadership positions in the rebellion. By the end of the American revolution in the early 1780s, it became increasingly difficult to use term “mechanic”-now regard as representing a species segment of society that contributed to the economic and political well-being of the new nation- as a slur.

Yet just as artisan achieved a significant new political role, changes in modes of production began to undermine their economic position. Master craftspeople, responding to the widespread prosperity and demand for goods in the early years of the nation, attempted to their costs of production by hiring unskilled and inexperienced workers instead of artisans and intruding machinery into the workshop. Where speed and quantity were no paramount over quality and where a mentoring tradition was replaced with ideas of individual enterprise. Though the timing and extent of these changes varied with trade and location, by 1850 the percentage of artisans in the workforce had decreased sharply.