“比较”究竟什么时候可以省略，什么时候不可以啊，，救命。。

叮叮车

Scientistshave recently found evidence that black holes probably existat the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole isproportional to its host galaxy.og19的792题

我选了C，因为我觉得its hostgalaxy可以省略the mass.

但是答案说这题错误原因是mass和galaxy不可比较。

可是我看很多比较题都会有很多省略啊啊。。

究竟什么时候比较的东西可以省略，什么时候不可以呢？

求大神指导！

冲鸭冲鸭歆歆子

顶楼主！               

叮叮车

gongjx 发表于 2019-11-24 20:01
不是大神，刚好看到比较这块，分享一下自己的想法~

比较的省略原则最主要的是不要引起歧义，一切有可能出 ...

谢谢gong，我看到其他答主拿ron的例子句子，我觉得特别好。分享一下（https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-955830-1-1.html）
。我现在感觉省略不能算是一种严格意义的语法，在比较中的省略其实有严格的平行规则，看起来很像省略，但其实不是，是一种平行。
        比较中的省略：
a) Oil prices in 2007 were higher than those in 2008.
noun+modifier vs. noun+modifier

b) Oil prices were higher in 2007 than in 2008.
adv. vs. adv.

c) Oil prices were higher in 2007 than oil prices in 2008.

d) The weather is hot and dry in Nevada, as it is in Arizona.
sentence vs. sentence

e) As in Arizona, the weather is hot and dry in Nevada.
adv. vs. adv.

注意：Ron说no “omissions”，b) c) d) e)都算是omission，但是在比较结构中，b) d) e)都正确，而c)错误。

c)中，in 2008作为noun modifiers修饰oil prices，但是the left-hand element没有一个noun modifiers修饰oil prices呀，只有一个verb modifiers修饰oil prices were higher。所以不对嘛。分清楚名词修饰语和动词修饰语。名词修饰语修饰名词,反之亦然

回过头看b)，好理解了吧，都是verb modifiers，比较the situation in 2007和the situation in 2008.

爱尔兰小熊

比较真的好难

gongjx

不是大神，刚好看到比较这块，分享一下自己的想法~

比较的省略原则最主要的是不要引起歧义，一切有可能出现非句子想要表达的比较都最好补充完整。一般省略是主句和比较从句在某些成分（比如主语及动词）是一样的，那么可以将重复的省略，只写出比较对象即可。

1）例如: A do sth. than (do) B，如果是主语A和B进行比较，在没有歧义的情况下可以省略do, 但如果sth.会和B有一类事物的风险，可以补充do用以说明是两个主语的比较，或者当时态出现变化时，也需要补充do（do, did等形式）
eg. Fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s than (people) did in 1970’s.

2）如果谓宾都相同的话，谓宾也可以省略
eg. A study found that women who took new jobs after retiring from their primary careers    reported high marital satisfaction, more than those who retired completely (reported high martial satisfaction). 可以看到比较的是women （who引导的定语）和另一类women（who引导的定语）作比较，补充了比较对象，对于相同的谓宾就可以省略了，也并不会有歧义

3）如果比较的是同一事物的不同状态，需要加上those/that，后面跟上不同状态的引导词（时间、归属等等）
eg. company’s earnings in the first quarter were more than double THOSE of the previous quarter.
因为单纯比较in the first quarter和the previous quarter，省略those的话，默认补充完整的句子是company's earning in the first quarter were more than double (company's earning in the first quarter) of the previous quarter. 明显的歧义，所以要用those指代company's earning后面加上比较的时间. PS.关于完全和不完全指代they/those的区别建议看看曼哈顿

4）比较从句的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语相同时，可以全部省去，常常保留做状语的介词短语和状语从句
eg. In no other historical sighting did H’ comet cause such worldwide sensation as (HC caused a sensation) in its return of 1910 – 1911 倒装句，还原回来是HC did cause such worldwide sensation IN no other historical sighting as (HC did cause such worldwide sensation) In its return of 1910-1911

另外看你这个问题

Scientists have recently found evidence that black holes—regions of space in which matter is so concentrated and the pull of gravity so powerful that nothing, not even light, can emerge from them—probably exist at the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole is proportional to its host galaxy.

很明显，比较对象应该是每个black hole的质量是所属银河质量的一部分，是句子的主语进行比较。单从C选项来看，两个比较对象是mass of each black hole和its host galaxy作比较，比较对象不一致。如果说省略的话，那么省略的部分要在前面找出来，也就是主句的主语，抄写下来则变成：

Scientists have recently found evidence that black holes exist at the core of nearly all galaxies, and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to (the mass of each black hole) its host galaxy.

就是说如果要省略，必须找到完全一样的东西才能省略，比较对象是mass of black hole和mass of its host galaxy, 前面并没有出现mass of its host galaxy, 所以不能随便省略，需要用代词that不完全指代前面的mass，就变成that of its host galaxy.