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【每日逻辑训练营】(第六天)

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发表于 2020-9-5 11:03:40 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
DAY6
打卡格式:
1. 做每题所化的时间 (可以让大家更好的把握自己的pace)
2. 逻辑链 (大家平时练习最重要是梳理好GMAT逻辑链)
3. 5个选项简单分析 (正确正确在哪,错误错误在哪)

打卡模版:
时间:2‘15
逻辑链:Premisevoles live in large groups from late autumn through winter, live in smaller groups from spring through early autumn.
Conclusionthe mortality among young voles can explain the seasonal variation in group.
Logic: because the cold/food, the voles dead, they are together form late autumn through winter.
选项:
A.提到young voles 但是时间段the spring and early summer 不对。Pass
B.无关。
C.spring食物丰富,时间段不对。
D.时间点没有严格对应 late atumn 没有E严格。
E.bingo 时间完全对应。简单推断也向到mortality,所以选E

6-1 With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
  • In a given year, new companies starting up create more new jobs on average than do previously established companies.
  • The number of people seeking employment is no larger this year than it was last year.
  • This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.
  • Previously established companies in Derderia will be less profitable this year than such companies were last year.
  • The number of jobs created in the Derderian economy last year was substantially larger than the number of jobs lost.
6-2 Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives.  However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A.      These wine makers have been able to duplicate the preservative effect produced by adding sulfites by means that do not involve adding any potentially allergenic substances to their wine.
B.      Not all forms of sulfite are equally likely to produce the allergic reactions.
C.      Wine is the only beverage to which sulfites are commonly added.
D.     Apart from sulfites, there are no substances commonly present in wine that give rise to an allergic reaction.
E.      Sulfites are not naturally present in the wines produced by these wine makers in amounts large enough to produce an allergic reaction in someone who drinks these wines.
6-3 Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Concerned about financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65.  Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.  Nevertheless, many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase, in large part because ________.
A.      They rely entirely on the government pension for their income
B.      Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension check
C.      They buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflation
D.     The pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time high
E.      In Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
6-4 Last year all refuse collected by Shelbyville city services was incinerated.  This incineration generated a large quantity of residue ash.  In order to reduce the amount of residue ash Shelbyville generates this year to half of last year’s total, the city has revamped its collection program.  This year city services will separate for recycling enough refuse to reduce the number of truckloads of refuse to be incinerated to half of last year’s number.  
Which of the following is required for the revamped collection program to achieve its aim?
A.      This year, no materials that city services could separate for recycling will be incinerated.
B.      Separating recyclable materials from materials to be incinerated will cost Shelbyville less than half what it cost last year to dispose of the residue ash.
C.      Refuse collected by city services will contain a larger proportion of recyclable materials this year than it did last year.
D.     The refuse incinerated this year will generate no more residue ash per truckload incinerated than did the refuse incinerated last year.
E.      The total quantity of refuse collected by Shelbyville city services this year will be no greater than that collected last year.
6-5 When storing Renaissance oil paintings, museums conform to standards that call for careful control of the surrounding temperature and humidity, with variations confined within narrow margins. Maintaining this environment is very costly, and recent research shows that even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Therefore, museums could relax their standards and save money without endangering their Renaissance oil paintings.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
  • Renaissance paintings were created in conditions involving far greater fluctuations in temperature and humidity than those permitted by current standards.
  • Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil paintings, those paintings do not deteriorate at all.
  • Museum collections typically do not contain items that are more likely to be vulnerable to fluctuations in temperature and humidity than Renaissance oil paintings.
  • None of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are vulnerable enough to relatively wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity to cause damage to the paintings.
  • Most Renaissance oil paintings are stored in museums located in regions near the regions where the paintings were created.
6-6 Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
Yorco and Zortech are two corporations that employ large numbers of full-time workers who are paid by the hour.  Publicly available records indicate that Yorco employs roughly the same number of such hourly wage workers as Zortech does but spends a far higher total sum per year on wages for such workers.  Therefore, hourly wages must be higher, on average, at Yorco than at Zortech, since _____.
  • Zortech spends a higher total sum per year than Yorco does to provide its hourly wage workers with benefits other than wages
  • the work performed by hourly wage workers at Zortech does not require a significantly higher level of skill than the work performed by hourly wage workers at Yorco does
  • the proportion of all company employees who are hourly wage workers is significantly greater at Yorco than it is at Zortech
  • overtime work, which is paid at a substantially higher rate than work done during the regular work week, is rare at both Yorco and Zortech
the highest hourly wages paid at Yorco are higher than the highest hourly wages paid at Zortech
6-7 In order to withstand tidal currents, juvenile horseshoe crabs frequently burrow in the sand. Such burrowing discourages barnacles from clinging to their shells. When fully grown, however, the crabs can readily withstand tidal currents without burrowing, and thus they acquire substantial populations of barnacles. Surprisingly, in areas where tidal currents are very weak, juvenile horseshoe crabs are found not to have significant barnacle populations, even though they seldom burrow.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the surprising finding?
  • Tidal currents do not themselves dislodge barnacles from the shells of horseshoe crabs.
  • Barnacles most readily attach themselves to horseshoe crabs in areas where tidal currents are weakest.
  • The strength of the tidal currents in a given location varies widely over the course of a day.
  • A very large barnacle population can significantly decrease the ability of a horseshoe crab to find food.
Until they are fully grown, horseshoe crabs shed their shells and grow new ones several times a year.
6-8 From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4 percent, and total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18.0 percent. During the same period, total United States population increased 5.0 percent.
If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?
  • United States manufacturers of tobacco products had higher profits in 1976 than in 1973.
  • Per capita consumption of cigarettes in the United States was lower in 1976 than in 1973.
  • The proportion of nonsmokers in the United States population dropped slightly between 1973 and 1976.
  • United States manufacturers of tobacco products realize a lower profit on cigarettes than on chewing tobacco.
  • A large percentage of United States smokers switched from cigarettes to chewing tobacco between 1973 and 1976.
6-9 A diet high in saturated fats increases a person’s risk of developing heart disease. Regular consumption of red wine reduces that risk. Per-capita consumption of saturated fats is currently about the same in France as in the United States, but there is less heart disease there than in the United States because consumption of red wine is higher in France. The difference in regular red-wine consumption has been narrowing, but no similar convergence in heart-disease rates has occurred.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to account for the lack of convergence noted above?
  • Consumption of saturated fats is related more strongly to the growth of fatty deposits on artery walls, which reduce blood flow to the heart, than it is to heart disease directly.
  • Over the past 30 years, per-capita consumption of saturated fats has remained essentially unchanged in the United States but has increased somewhat in France.
  • Reports of the health benefits of red wine have led many people in the United States to drink red wine regularly.
  • Cigarette smoking, which can also contribute to heart disease, is only slightly more common in France than in the United States.
  • Regular consumption of red wine is declining dramatically among young adults in France, and heart disease typically does not manifest itself until middle age.
6-10 Which of the following most logically completes the reasoning?
Either food scarcity or excessive hunting can threaten a population of animals. If the group faces food scarcity, individuals in the group will reach reproductive maturity later than otherwise. If the group faces excessive hunting, individuals that reach reproductive maturity earlier will come to predominate. Therefore, it should be possible to determine whether prehistoric mastodons became extinct because of food scarcity or human hunting, since there are fossilized mastodon remains from both before and after mastodon populations declined, and ______.
  • there are more fossilized mastodon remains from the period before mastodon populations began to decline than from after that period
  • the average age at which mastodons from a given period reached reproductive maturity can be established from their fossilized remains
  • it can be accurately estimated from fossilized remains when mastodons became extinct
  • it is not known when humans first began hunting mastodons
  • climate changes may have gradually reduced the food available to mastodons

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沙发
发表于 2020-9-5 13:21:04 | 只看该作者
6-1 1:08(选项) 1:35(重读)答案C
Premise :旧公司不会增加薪工作
Conclusion: 今年新增工作不会破记录
问加强 – 新公司也不会增加新工作
A.        新公司比旧公司平均新增多,没法比
B.        和求职量无关
C.        正确
D.        跟公司收益无关
E.        和总经济情况无关

6-2 1:08(选择)1:28(重读)答案E
Premise: 某些酒不会被加S
Conclusion:对S过敏的人可以安心食用这些特殊的酒
问加强 – 酒里肯定没有S吗?
A.      解释做法较为无关
B.     解释原理无关
C.      和别的饮料比较无关
D.     特指不会有S过敏,谈别的过敏物无关
E.      正确

6-3 1:57(还不能确定)  答案B
Background:养老金翻倍,通货膨胀忽略不计,老人都顺利拿到钱
Premise:?
Conclusion:老人的资金状况却没有变得更好
A.      感觉和Income无关,没有讨论到其他收入
B.      感觉只能是这个,但总觉得最终还是拿到钱了所以应该也不是资金状况没有变好?
C.      应该没有通胀
D.     这个选项不太理解,P上升拿到的钱应该更多?还是这个是缴纳P更多….
E.     给别的收入无关

6-4 2:27(选择)答案D
Plan:通过recycle降低需要incinerate的总量到去年1/2
Aim:降低residue ash to 去年 ½
问加强?
A.      应该是1/2不是0
B.      跟需要的资金无关
C.      没有提过去年的量
D.     正确,今年每车incinerate的量应该不会超过去年
E.      和总量无关

6-5 1:10(选择)答案D
Premise:老油画不会被温度和湿度变化影响
Conclusion:美术馆不需要保持如此高的标准来保护这些画
问加强 – 别的重要的东西不会被湿度温度影响吗
A.        油画早期环境和现状无关
B.        现在条件下的油画变化无关
C.        和博物馆里的其他馆藏无关,这里讨论油画
D.        正确,油画里没有其他重要材料会受到温湿度影响
E.        和储藏位置无关

6-6 2:00(选择)答案D
Yorco HWW = Zortech HWW
Yorco sum > Zortech sum -> Yorco HW > Zortech HW
问增强
A.        反了
B.        跟工作技术无关
C.        和前提冲突
D.        正确,因为Yorco和Zortech的加班工资投入是一样的,那Y的总投入还大于Z说明Y平时单价更高
E.        只能说明最高值

6-7 1:47(选择)2:11(重读) 答案D
Background: Burrowing -> no B, no Burrowing -> B
Premise: ? JH在别的情况下也会不需要B
Conclusion: No burrowing -> no B  
A.        不确定
B.        这个是说需要B
C.        跟Tidal无关
D.        如果有B的话JH没东西吃,所以不能有B
E.        跟JH本身无关

6-8 0:37(选择)0:50(重读)答案B
Premise:香烟销售涨了3.4,烟草糖涨了18,人口涨了5
问conclusion:人口>香烟增长,香烟/人销售减少 人口<烟草糖,烟草糖/人销售上升
A.        没有谈及profits
B.        正确
C.        不知道之前的?
D.        不知道profits
E.        不能得出肯定结论

6-9 1:26(选择)1:53(重读) 答案E
Premise: 美法摄入同样反式脂肪,但法国人喝红酒的多所以心脏病比例少
Conclusion: 规律摄入红酒心脏病几率小
问“红酒量差不多了但是法国为什么心脏病比还是少?”的增强
1. 解释某一方红酒量改变了 2. 解释为什么心脏病没有变
A.        和反式脂肪机制无关
B.        没有提某一方红酒量的narrowing?
C.        美国红酒量摄入高了但没有解释为什么心脏病比例没有变化
D.        和抽烟无关
E.        正确,法国红酒量变低了但心脏病比例没有增加是因为年轻人不饮酒但年轻人还不到现实心脏问题的年纪

6-10 1:04(选择)1:31(重读)答案B
Background:食物短缺 – 进入成熟期年龄较晚;过度捕猎 – 进入成熟期年龄较早
Premise(因):? -> 我们可以知道成熟期年龄
Conclusion(果): 我们可以根据化石判断m灭亡的原因
A.        知道化石本身的时间没有用
B.        正确,可以知道成熟期平均年龄
C.        知道灭亡的节点没有用
D.        人类捕猎时间无关
E.        这个只能解释食物短缺一种可能
板凳
发表于 2020-9-5 15:09:06 | 只看该作者
1. 时间2’02 答案C
逻辑链:去年有很多start-up companies还开设了许多新工作,今年那些公司没有像去年一样开设那么多新工作,如果新公司也不多的话,则new jobs created下降
A 新公司开设的职位比其他公司多,无关
B 找工作的不会比去年多,无关
C 新公司开设的职位不会比去年的新公司多,取反削弱
D 公司今年比去年利润低 无关
E 去年开设新岗位比辞退的多 无关

2. 时间1’35 答案E
逻辑链:有些人多certain sulfites过敏,而sulfites又常被加进酒里。有些wineemaker会不加sulfites,所以喝那些酒就没问题。
A winemaker加不会引起过敏的成分进酒里,无关
B 不是所有sulfite都会让人过敏,前提说了
C sulfites一般只加在酒里
D 除了sulfites,其他物质不会引起过敏。与sulfites无关
E 本就存在酒里的sulfites不会让人引起过敏,取反削弱

3. 时间1’16 答案C
逻辑链:政府给老人pension,通货膨胀可忽略不计,每个满65的老人都有pension,为何生活水平无改善?
A 他们都指望着政府的pension,无法解释
B 政府太没效率给钱慢
C 物价飞涨,解释了为什么有养老金,生活无改善
D pension增长,当很多老人都在poverty level以下
E 孩子只给老人够生活的钱

4. 时间1’31 答案D
逻辑链:target:今年焚烧的垃圾所产生的residual ash比去年少一半。Act:回收垃圾到去年的一半的垃圾量 GAP:垃圾和residual ash是同比下降的吗
A 没有可以被回收的垃圾被焚烧 无关只要回收所得的垃圾下降到去年的一半就好
B 分开回收的和要被焚烧的cost比dipose all ash要少
C 要被回收的垃圾比去年多
D 今年每个truckload所装的被焚烧出来的灰不会比去年多,取反削弱
E 今年收的垃圾不会比去年多,多也无所谓,可以被回收

5. 时间1’28 答案D
逻辑链:为保存古画,博物馆严格遵照optimal temp and humidity,但发现oil paint对温度的变化无感知,所以museum不用如此严格了
A painting本就是在wide fluctuation的环境下诞生的(纠结的选项
B 在现在的标准下,油画不会被deterioriate
C museum没有除油画外更vulnerable to temp的collection了 无关
D 没有除了颜料外能因温度damage油画的东西了,取非削弱
E 油画所在的museum离油画create的地方近 无关

6. 时间1’25 答案D
逻辑链:Y和Z都是按小时发工资,且他们雇佣的人一样多。但Y比Z一年下来发工资要发的多,所以Y的小时工资要高于Z
A Z除了公司还发放别的福利,无法解释
B Z公司不需要high level of skill的员工than Y
C Y公司的小时工比例比Z大
D Z和Y都不太有加班费 (控制变量
E Y最高工资比Z高

7. 时间1’31 答案E
逻辑链:小的crab要想withstand潮汐力就要挖洞,挖了洞,b就无法黏在壳上。长大了就不用挖洞了,会有很多b在壳上。可是当小的crab在潮汐力弱的地方,不用挖洞,为何也没有b?
A 潮汐力无法把b从c身上移除 削弱
B b很容易在潮汐力弱的地方黏在c上,削弱
C 潮汐力的strength一天内会变化 无关
D 很多的b让c无法找食物 无关
E c会换壳

8. 时间1’09 答案B
逻辑链:consumption of ciagareetes增长3.4,chewing tabbaco增长18,人口增长5
A tabacco制造商利润更多了,cunsumption和利润无关
B 人均consumption降低
C 不吸烟的比例降低
D 制造商发现cigarettes比chewing的利润低
E 很大比例的吸烟者从c换到t 无从得知

9. 时间4’01 答案E (怎么也绕不过来…
逻辑链:摄入饱和脂肪多导致心脏病,但喝红酒有助于减少得病的可能。法国人和美国人的摄入差不多,但法国人喝红酒也多得病少。两国家喝红酒的gap少了,为什么得心脏病的可能却没减少
A 饱和脂肪会deposit在artery wall rather to heart directly 无关
B 饱和脂肪的摄入在美国没变,法国升了 无关
C 报道让美国喝酒的多了,无关
D 抽烟的只比美国多一点点 无关
E  法国喝酒的少了,但一般不到中年很少得心脏病

10. 时间1’34 答案B
逻辑链:很少食物和过度捕猎都会对动物的数量有影响。少食物导致繁殖期偏晚,多捕猎导致繁殖期偏早。所以能从化石推测出m的extinct是否因为食物和捕猎,因为在m的数量decline前后的化石都有
A 有更多m在decline前的化石 无关
B 能从化石看出m到繁殖期的平均年龄 补充gap
C 可以知道m什么时候extinct
地板
发表于 2020-9-5 15:56:44 | 只看该作者
1  c
时间:1‘45
逻辑链:事实:d地新成立的公司创造了记录,再加上以前成立的公司增加新的工作岗位,去年总的新工作岗位创造了记录。今年旧公司增加的岗位不如去年多,如果d没有更多新公司成立,那么新增岗位的纪录将不会被打破。
p:?
c:老公司产生的岗位不如去年多,如果没有更多新公司成立,那么岗位记录无法被打破
前提是成立的新公司所创造的岗位不如去年多
a:这两者比较无意义
b:无关
c:取非削弱
d:无关
e:无关
2  d
时间:1’27
逻辑链:很多人对加在酒中作为防腐剂的硫酸盐过敏,但是有一些酿酒者不往酒中加硫酸盐,因此喜欢喝酒但是又对硫酸盐过敏的人们可以喝这种酒,不会有过敏的风险。
p:? (前提是酒中不会本来就含有硫酸盐)
c:喝不加硫酸盐的酒不会有过敏的风险
a:只不过在陈述文中说过的事实
b:无关
c:无关
d:?
e:取非削弱了
3  c
时间:2‘8
逻辑链:r政府两年前决定提升20%的养老金发放给65岁以上的人们,通货膨胀可以忽略不计,该拿到钱的老人们都拿到了。然而他们中许多人的经济状况并没有比以前好,问原因
a:他们完全依赖养老金作为收入来源的话,政府增加了养老金,经济状况应该变好
b:无关
c:通货膨胀期间物价上涨
d无关
e无法解释
4。a
时间:3’29
逻辑链:p:?
c:计划通过单独循环回收的方式减少废料的装载量到去年的一半,如果计划要成功需要什么先决条件
a;取非削弱了
b:没涉及到成本问题,无关
c:废料中可循环利用的材料的比例比去年高还是低都没有意义,因为去年的废料是全部销毁的
d:无关
e:关键是在于废料里面可以循环利用的材料
5。d
时间:2‘30
逻辑链:文艺复兴油画储存遵循一套严格的标准,要严格控制周围的温度和湿度。保持这种环境是成本很高的,然而研究显示即使是老的油画不会被温度湿度波动所影响,因此博物馆可以放宽标准省点钱,并且不损坏他们的文艺复兴油画
p:?
c:既然老油画不会被温度湿度波动影响,那么博物馆可以放宽标准,也可以省钱
a讲油画是在什么环境下被创造的与本文论点无关
b:现在的标准下油画不会被损坏,无关
c:文中针对的是文艺复兴油画,与别的作品无关
d:正确,除了颜料,油画中没有其他材料会在波动大的温度和湿度中被损坏
e:无关
6 d
时间;1’27
逻辑链:y与z招聘的小时工数量差不多,但是y花在小时工工资上的开销比z大得多,因此y小公共的平均工资比z高
p:?
c:二者小时工人数一样,y工资的花销比z大,因此y平均每小时工资比z大
a:无关
b:无关
c:无关
d:很少有加班的情况,而这种情况被支付更多的工资,正确
e:极端情况,无关
7   d
时间:2‘35
逻辑链:为了抵抗潮汐,螃蟹在沙滩上打洞,因此b就不能附在它们的壳上。-长大的螃蟹能很容易的抵抗潮汐,因此不需要打洞-壳上就有很多b
然而在一些像潮汐很弱的地方,螃蟹壳上没有那么多b,问原因
a:无关
b:无法解释
c:无关
d:正确
e:长大的时候,一年会退好几次壳,这跟壳上有没有 b无关
8  b
时间:1’44
逻辑链:P:从1973-1976总的香烟消费量增加了3.4%,总的口嚼烟消费量增加了18%,而同时间段人口增加了5%
c:?
a:文中只涉及到数量,没有涉及到价格,无法得出利润相关的结论
b:正确
c:无从得知
d;同a
e:香烟消费也在增加,
9  e
时间:2‘38
逻辑链:摄入大量的sf会提高心脏病的风险-而经常喝红酒可以降低这种风险。
法国与美国人均摄入sf量持平,而心脏病法国比美国更少。-因为红酒消费法国比美国更高
红酒消费差距在逐渐变小,然而心脏病发病率的差距并没有随之减少 问原因。
a;无关
b;无关
c:简单陈述原文事实,并没有解释
d;无法解释
e:因为法国很多年轻人对红酒的消费大幅下降,然而心脏病一般会在中年才发病,所以造成数据不准确
10  b
时间;2’3
逻辑链;食物缺乏和过度捕猎都会威胁动物数-如果种群面临着食物缺乏,那么它们会晚熟。-如果面临过度捕猎,会早熟。
p:有很多m的化石,包括种群数量减少前和减少后的,还有?
c有可能推断出m灭绝的原因
a:无关
b根据减少前后的化石,和推算出的成熟年龄,可以推断灭绝的原因
c无关
d无关
e无关
5#
发表于 2020-9-5 17:24:16 | 只看该作者
Total Time Used: 16’54
6-1:
Ans: C        Time: 1’12
逻辑链: 已成立的公司新增岗位不会比去年多→新增岗位想比去年高唯一的方法是初创公司比去年多
GAP: 新增岗位 = 已成立公司新增岗位+初创公司新增岗位
初创公司新增岗位=初创公司数量*每家公司新增岗位
C. 取反: 每家公司新增岗位比去年多可以达到目的,削弱原文逻辑链
A. 初创和已成立公司比较,无关比较
B. 原文讲的是job market supply, 选项讲的是demand, 无关
D. 利润不在讨论范围
E. 无关比较

6-2:
Ans: E                Time:1’28
逻辑链:有一些调酒师不加S→对S过敏的人喝他们调的酒不用担心过敏了
A. 讨论其他substances,不在讨论范围
B. 讨论不同S导致过敏的可能性,无关
C. 其他饮料有没有S我们不关心
D. 讨论其他substances,不在讨论范围
E. 取反: S会自然产生,就算调酒师不加S喝酒的人也会过敏,削弱原文逻辑链

6-3:
Ans: E                Time: 1’29
Facts: inflation可忽略不计, 钱都拿到手了
逻辑链:政府增加养老金补贴,但____→老人没有financially better
A. 加剧矛盾
B. 无论如何钱最终都拿到手了
C. 原文说了inflation可忽略不计
D. 讨论背景,无关
E. 政府增加补贴孩子就不给了,老人拿到的总数不变,他因调和矛盾

6-4:
Ans: D                Time: 1’37
逻辑链:措施:焚烧的truck减少到去年一半→目的: ash减少到去年一半
GAP: 每个truck产生的ash会不会比去年多,D选项补足了这个GAP
A. 重复前提
B. cost不在讨论范围
C. 选项讨论不需要焚烧的那部分,但逻辑链讨论的是要焚烧的那部分,无关选项
E. total比去年少,但焚烧那部分呢,我们不知道

6-5:
Ans: D        Time: 1’49
逻辑链: old油画的paint不受温度湿度浮动影响→博物馆可以relax standards, 反正R油画不会受影响
A. R油画制作环境≠保存的环境
B. 重复前提,当前是恒温恒湿当然不受影响
C. 取反: 博物馆有比R油画更vulnerable的items,其他items脱离讨论范围
D. 取反: R油画有其他materials受温度湿度影响, 他因削弱原文
E. 地点脱离讨论范围

6-6:
Ans: D        Time: 1’54
逻辑链: Y和Z工人数量相同,Y发的总薪酬更高→Y平均薪酬更高
GAP: 总薪酬=平均hourly wage * number of hours worked
A. 其他benefits无关讨论
B. skills属于无关讨论
C. 无用信息,原文已经说了Y发给小时工的总薪酬更高
D. number of hours worked一样/相近,补足GAP
E. 最高和最高比,无关比较

6-7:
Ans: D        Time: 2’19
逻辑链: 有潮汐时burrowing会减少B,但____→没潮汐,没burrow时B还是少
CE. 没有提到Barnacle,无关选项
A. 潮汐不会驱赶B,无法说明没有潮汐为什么还是没有B
B. 潮汐最弱时B最容易attach to crab, 加剧矛盾
D. B影响到了crab捕食,infer B减少是crab赶走他们导致的

6-8:
Ans: B        Time: 1’16
逻辑链: cigarettes消费↑3.4%, CT销售额↑18%,人口↑5%
A. 利润还受成本影响,无法推出,D同理
B. 人口上升快于cigarettes消费上升,人均肯定下降
C. non-smokers比例下降,无法推出,因为其他烟草的使用量不知道有没有提升
E. 销售额上升不一定能推出使用人数上升,有可能单价提升

6-9:
Ans: E        Time: 1’47
Fact: fat增加心脏病风险,喝红酒能预防心脏病,两国fat消费差不多
逻辑链: 法国红酒消费和美国红酒消费的gap缩小了,但____→心脏病gap没缩小
A. 已知fat消费差不多,该补充信息无用
B. 过去30年的fat消费数据无关,就算有关也是相反方向加剧矛盾
C. 讲红酒gap缩小的原因,无关选项
D. 加剧矛盾或无关
E. gap缩小是因为法国年轻人不喝了,而心脏病只有中老年人才会犯,说明中老年人红酒gap可能没有缩小,他因/中间因素调和矛盾

6-10:
Ans: B        Time: 1’59
逻辑链: 缺食物会晚生,hunting多会早生→通过化石能判断出PM灭绝是因为缺食物还是Hunting
GAP: 化石能判断PM是晚生还是早生
A. 两个时期化石数量的比较,无关
B. 化石可以推算出生的年龄,补足GAP
C. PM灭绝的时间能推算出来,但没用,我们想知道灭绝的原因
D. 无关
E. 无关
6#
发表于 2020-9-5 18:41:48 | 只看该作者

时间:18’52

6-1 With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.
       
因:新工作数量 = 老公司增加工作数量 + 新公司成立的新工作
果:今年一样数量新工作 = 老公司数量  减少 + 新公司成立 增加
assumption:因果联系:公司数量和工作数量一定比例,或没有其他干扰导致等式破坏。

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies? C

In a given year, new companies starting up create more new jobs on average than do previously established companies. 今年新公司创造更多工作,weaken
The number of people seeking employment is no larger this year than it was last year. 应聘人数,与工作数量无关。
This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year. 排除干扰,新公司的数量与他创造公司的数量比例一定,等式成立
Previously established companies in Derderia will be less profitable this year than such companies were last year. 利润,无关
The number of jobs created in the Derderian economy last year was substantially larger than the number of jobs lost. 去年的工作总数,无关。




6-2 Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives.  However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.

因:令人过敏的sulfites不会加进红酒了
果:想喝红酒却对sulfites过敏的人,就不会过敏了
assumption:因果联系,无干扰因素——不会有其他因素使对sulfites过敏的人过敏,无方向问题。

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? E
A.      These wine makers have been able to duplicate the preservative effect produced by adding sulfites by means that do not involve adding any potentially allergenic substances to their wine. 工艺不会带来其他过敏物,没有提到sulfites,无关
B.      Not all forms of sulfite are equally likely to produce the allergic reactions. 过敏程度,无关
C.      Wine is the only beverage to which sulfites are commonly added. 无关因果。
D.     Apart from sulfites, there are no substances commonly present in wine that give rise to an allergic reaction. 其他过敏物质,无关
E.      Sulfites are not naturally present in the wines produced by these wine makers in amounts large enough to produce an allergic reaction in someone who drinks these wines. 酒里面本身就没有过敏物。



6-3 Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Concerned about financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65.  Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.  Nevertheless, many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase, in large part because ________. E
因:增加20%pension
本果:better financial well-being
果:没有better。 Weaekn:因与本果联系破坏,或干扰因素使不致果,或方向问题。

A.      They rely entirely on the government pension for their income 没有因果
B.      Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension check 取钱慢,还是会取到钱,没有果
C.      They buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflation 前提是不考虑inflation
D.     The pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time high 穷困人口增多,但pension增加,生活还是会改善,无果。
E.      In Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living 本来是孩子会支柱,现在孩子不需要资助了,老人拿到跟以前一样的钱,生活水平也还是跟以前一样。



6-4 Last year all refuse collected by Shelbyville city services was incinerated.  This incineration generated a large quantity of residue ash.  In order to reduce the amount of residue ash Shelbyville generates this year to half of last year’s total, the city has revamped its collection program.  This year city services will separate for recycling enough refuse to reduce the number of truckloads of refuse to be incinerated to half of last year’s number.  
方案优势明显,减少ash,所以为因果题:
因:回收垃圾,使垃圾车装的焚烧垃圾为去年的一半
果:可以减少一半的废灰。
证明:因果联系的一定性,没有干扰,

Which of the following is required for the revamped collection program to achieve its aim? D
A.      This year, no materials that city services could separate for recycling will be incinerated. 回收的一定不会焚烧。无关因果
B.      Separating recyclable materials from materials to be incinerated will cost Shelbyville less than half what it cost last year to dispose of the residue ash. 回收的成本,无关因果
C.      Refuse collected by city services will contain a larger proportion of recyclable materials this year than it did last year. 垃圾里回收垃圾的占比比去你多。无关果。
D.     The refuse incinerated this year will generate no more residue ash per truckload incinerated than did the refuse incinerated last year. 每单位垃圾焚烧产生的废灰,一样。肯定了因果联系
E.      The total quantity of refuse collected by Shelbyville city services this year will be no greater than that collected last year. 总垃圾数量不变,无关要焚烧的垃圾数量——废灰量。



6-5 When storing Renaissance oil paintings, museums conform to standards that call for careful control of the surrounding temperature and humidity, with variations confined within narrow margins. Maintaining this environment is very costly, and recent research shows that even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Therefore, museums could relax their standards and save money without endangering their Renaissance oil paintings.
因:大变化的室温环境没有影响old oil paint
果:不需要严格控制也不会损坏画
assumption:因果联系,没有干扰,没有方向问题。

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? D

Renaissance paintings were created in conditions involving far greater fluctuations in temperature and humidity than those permitted by current standards. 文艺复兴油画创作环境与现在比较,无关。
Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil paintings, those paintings do not deteriorate at all. 现在的环境标准下,没有损坏,无关变化标准之后。
Museum collections typically do not contain items that are more likely to be vulnerable to fluctuations in temperature and humidity than Renaissance oil paintings. 其他藏品,无关
None of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are vulnerable enough to relatively wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity to cause damage to the paintings. 对画上的其他物质,也不会损毁。排除了干扰。
Most Renaissance oil paintings are stored in museums located in regions near the regions where the paintings were created. 储藏地点,无关因果




6-6 Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
Yorco and Zortech are two corporations that employ large numbers of full-time workers who are paid by the hour.  Publicly available records indicate that Yorco employs roughly the same number of such hourly wage workers as Zortech does but spends a far higher total sum per year on wages for such workers.  Therefore, hourly wages must be higher, on average, at Yorco than at Zortech, since _____. D

因:Y和Z:工人数量一样,Y付的工资总数更高。
果:Y的小时费更高。
加强:肯定因果,排除干扰,和方向问题

Zortech spends a higher total sum per year than Yorco does to provide its hourly wage workers with benefits other than wages  反对条件。weaken
the work performed by hourly wage workers at Zortech does not require a significantly higher level of skill than the work performed by hourly wage workers at Yorco does 工资和技能没有一定关系
the proportion of all company employees who are hourly wage workers is significantly greater at Yorco than it is at Zortech 小时工比例,不一定,不知道不是小时工的工资总数
overtime work, which is paid at a substantially higher rate than work done during the regular work week, is rare at both Yorco and Zortech 并没有干扰因素影响结果。
the highest hourly wages paid at Yorco are higher than the highest hourly wages paid at Zortech 最高工资数,不一定。



6-7 In order to withstand tidal currents, juvenile horseshoe crabs frequently burrow in the sand. Such burrowing discourages barnacles from clinging to their shells. When fully grown, however, the crabs can readily withstand tidal currents without burrowing, and thus they acquire substantial populations of barnacles. Surprisingly, in areas where tidal currents are very weak, juvenile horseshoe crabs are found not to have significant barnacle populations, even though they seldom burrow.
因:current-小螃蟹挖洞躲避-没有barnacle,current-长大出洞-有barnacle。
本果:没有current,小螃蟹不需要挖洞,就会有barnacle
weaken结果:没有current,不需要挖洞,却没有barnacle。
因果联系的破坏,或干扰因素影响。

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the surprising finding? E

Tidal currents do not themselves dislodge barnacles from the shells of horseshoe crabs.
Barnacles most readily attach themselves to horseshoe crabs in areas where tidal currents are weakest. weaken结果
The strength of the tidal currents in a given location varies widely over the course of a day. 一天中浪的强度有变化,不知强弱,无法推导结果。
A very large barnacle population can significantly decrease the ability of a horseshoe crab to find food. 与barnacle数量无关。
Until they are fully grown, horseshoe crabs shed their shells and grow new ones several times a year. 破坏因果,壳上的barnacle与浪和洞都无关,是跟年纪有关。小时候换壳,没有barnacle,长大了不换壳了,barnacle就一直在。



6-8 From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4 percent, and total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18.0 percent. During the same period, total United States population increased 5.0 percent.

If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn? B

United States manufacturers of tobacco products had higher profits in 1976 than in 1973.
Per capita consumption of cigarettes in the United States was lower in 1976 than in 1973.
The proportion of nonsmokers in the United States population dropped slightly between 1973 and 1976.
United States manufacturers of tobacco products realize a lower profit on cigarettes than on chewing tobacco.
A large percentage of United States smokers switched from cigarettes to chewing tobacco between 1973 and 1976.




6-9 A diet high in saturated fats increases a person’s risk of developing heart disease. Regular consumption of red wine reduces that risk. Per-capita consumption of saturated fats is currently about the same in France as in the United States, but there is less heart disease there than in the United States because consumption of red wine is higher in France. The difference in regular red-wine consumption has been narrowing, but no similar convergence in heart-disease rates has occurred.
因:法国和美国:人均吃fat量一样,法国红酒喝的多,法国心脏病少
本果:红酒量的差异减少,心脏病数量差异也应减少
weaken:心脏病差异没有减少。
原因:因果联系破坏,或干扰导致。

Which of the following, if true, most helps to account for the lack of convergence noted above? E

Consumption of saturated fats is related more strongly to the growth of fatty deposits on artery walls, which reduce blood flow to the heart, than it is to heart disease directly. fat的危害,无关
Over the past 30 years, per-capita consumption of saturated fats has remained essentially unchanged in the United States but has increased somewhat in France. 法国fat量增多,也应增多心脏病,gap也会减少。
Reports of the health benefits of red wine have led many people in the United States to drink red wine regularly. 美国红酒增多,也应减少心脏病,gap也应减少。
Cigarette smoking, which can also contribute to heart disease, is only slightly more common in France than in the United States. 增加了法国心脏病数量,不符合。
Regular consumption of red wine is declining dramatically among young adults in France, and heart disease typically does not manifest itself until middle age. 与心脏病数据无关的人群,减少了红酒量。所以红酒量差异有减少,而心脏病数量都维持不变。




6-10 Which of the following most logically completes the reasoning?

Either food scarcity or excessive hunting can threaten a population of animals. If the group faces food scarcity, individuals in the group will reach reproductive maturity later than otherwise. If the group faces excessive hunting, individuals that reach reproductive maturity earlier will come to predominate. Therefore, it should be possible to determine whether prehistoric mastodons became extinct because of food scarcity or human hunting, since there are fossilized mastodon remains from both before and after mastodon populations declined, and ______. B

食物少— 成熟年龄晚。捕猎— 成熟年龄早
衡量标准:检验成熟年龄

there are more fossilized mastodon remains from the period before mastodon populations began to decline than from after that period 化石数量。无关
the average age at which mastodons from a given period reached reproductive maturity can be established from their fossilized remains 成熟年龄可以得知。
it can be accurately estimated from fossilized remains when mastodons became extinct 灭绝的时间。无关。
it is not known when humans first began hunting mastodons 开始捕猎时间
climate changes may have gradually reduced the food available to mastodons 其他减少食物的原因。
7#
发表于 2020-9-5 19:40:27 | 只看该作者
1 C 1’13
Bg:去年开了很多新公司+很多老公司创造新岗位=去年创造了很多新工作
P:established公司不会像去年一样开那么多新岗位
C:除非今年开很多新公司,今年创造的新工作不如去年多
总新工作=开新公司*新岗位+老公司*新岗位,根据P老公司*新岗位和新公司固定,唯一变量只有每个新公司的新岗位

A.新公司的岗位数和老公司的岗位数比较,横向比较而不是纵向比较,无关
B.people无关
C.新公司新岗位,对
D.profit无关
E.create和lost比较,无关

2 E 1’54
Bg:酒里一般会添加s为了防腐,但很多人对s过敏
P:有很多酒不加s
C:对s过敏的人可以喝这些酒而不会过敏
酒里的s=生产加的s+内生的s

A.不加s也可以达到一样的防腐效果,无关
B.是不是all s都会过敏无关
C.酒和无s beverage的比较,无关
D.其他物质give rise to allergic,无关
E.没有naturally s,对

3 E 0’49
Bg:为了提高国民福利gov给65岁以上增加20%
P:不考虑inflation,每个eligible的人都拿到
C:怪现象,老人没有better off
多发钱=提高福利?其他因素导致没有better off

A.应该better off
B.拿到钱的时间,无关
C.反P
D.和人数无关
E.老人的生活费=小孩给的+pension,pension上升小孩给的就少

4 D 1’25
Bg:去年incinerate refuse,会产生大量ash
Goal:减少今年ash,小于去年total一半
Plan:revamp collection program,减少truckloads of refuse到去年的一半
ash=truckloads*每车产生的ash

A.recycle的本来就不烧,屁话
B.cost无关
C.今年recycle的proportion比去年多,也无法证明达到目标
D.对
E.和collect多少无关,因为要recycle

5 C 1’10 D
Bg:为了保存oil painting博物馆遵守严格标准
P:维持环境很花钱,最近研究表面old paint不会受wide fluctuation影响
C:博物馆可以放松std,节约钱,也不会伤害oil painting
paint不会受伤害=painting就不会受伤害?

A.保存和create无关
B.重复P
C.其他东西,与保护oil painting无关
D.painting里的一些物质不会比paint更容易受伤害,对(看清楚paint,painting)
E.和create近不近无关

6 D 0’52
Bg:两家公司都是小时付钱
P:Y和Z的小时工人数一样,怪现象,Y的总工资比Z的高
C:Y的小时工资比Z高
Total 工资=工人数*工作时间*小时工资

A.这是削弱?
B.和skill无关
C.总数一样啊,无所谓
D.工作时间长
E.highest无关

7 E 2’16
Bg:为了抵挡潮汐,青少年crab burrow在沙里,阻止b依附到壳上,长大后就不用burrow,所以他们身上有很多b
P:怪现象,在那些潮汐很weak的地方
C:青少年crab不burrow,但他们身上没有很多b

A.不是潮汐把b弄下来的,无法解释
B.反了
C.潮汐变化,无关
D.b多会导致crab找食物能力下降,无关
E.青少年crab每年都会换皮,可以

8 B 1’04 常规百分比归纳题
9 E 1’56
Bg:多吃fat增加心脏病风险,规律饮红酒能降低风险
P:法国人均摄入fat和美国一样,但法国心脏病人更少因为喝红酒更多;
   法国和美国红酒consumption的差距正在逐渐减少,但是没有出现convergence(趋同)
这题结论是啥啊?????

A.没提到红酒
B.那效果应该更趋同
C.没什么关系,只是解释了consumption差距减少
D.无关
E.青少年喝红酒减少导致了difference减少,而心脏病高发的中年人红酒一点没少喝,所以rate没变化

10 B 1’10
能得出信息前提是有fossil,且可测量
8#
发表于 2020-9-5 20:01:30 | 只看该作者
6-1  
3`02  C
逻辑链:D之前开了很多新公司,而且旧公司提供了更多岗位,今年旧公司不会再增加这么新岗位了,所以除非今年新开公司破纪录,否则不能打破去年的记录
A.跟某个给定的年份无关
B.跟找工作的人无关
C.今年新开的公司提供的岗位也不会大于去年的。否则可能会弥补今年旧公司少给的
D.跟利润无关
E.跟损失的工作无关

6-2
1`03 E 做过的题目
逻辑链:红酒里有个添加剂会导致人过敏
结论:不加这个添加剂,人就不会过敏的
问假设(没有其他的条件会产生这种添加剂)
A.跟其他添加剂无关
B.跟种类无关
C.跟是不是唯一饮料无关
D.跟其他物质无关
E.红酒自身不会产生这种物质。否则就会导致过敏

6-3
2`41 E 做过
逻辑链:政府准备给65岁以上的人增加20%养老金,通货膨胀是不可避免的,不过对大家都一样。但是老人的生活并没有过得更好,因为....(为什么增加了还是过得不太好)
A.他们完全靠养老金生活。不充分
B.银行需要花3个星期。无关
C.他们买的东西会涨价。涨到啥程度?不充分
D.跟低保无关
E.孩子会给老人补偿,但是仅仅保持正常生活。表示不会过得更好。

6-4
2`09 D
逻辑链:去年S城所有垃圾都焚烧了,产生了很多粉尘,为了减少一般,今年准备回收,一部分而减少粉尘。
问支持
A.无关
B.花的更少,没谈到
C.跟有多少可回收的无关
D.今年焚烧产生的不会比去年多。否则可能打不到目的
E.跟总数无关

6-5
2`08 C
逻辑链:为了存放一个画,博物馆要画大价钱控制温度和湿度,但是专家说没必要,正常环境也行,所以博物馆不用画这么多钱了。
问假设
A.跟制造环境无关
B.现在情况下,画不会损坏。这个应该是对的
C.这个画是最脆弱的。当时觉得,否则还是需要保持温度和湿度。
D.无关
E.跟储存地方无关

6-6
2`36 D
逻辑链:Y和Z公司都是付时薪的。Y和Z的时薪相同的员工数量一样,但是Y的总数比Z多,那么Y员工的时薪更高
问原因解释
A.跟benefits无关
B.跟工作要求无关
C.跟人员组成比例无关
D.两个公司都没有加班。否则可能Y加班比较多而已
E.跟最高工资无关

6-7
3`06  D
逻辑链:潮汐的时候,小螃蟹会埋在沙里来,这样对barnacles不好,当长大以后就不需要埋在沙里了,因为barnacles足够了。但是在潮汐弱的地方,小螃蟹即使不咋埋在沙里,也没有很多barnacles
问如何解释现象
A.潮汐不dislodge barnacles。那应该跟潮汐无关。不对
B.最强壮的不代表所有。
C.跟潮汐不同地方无关
D.很多barnacles会减少螃蟹的捕食能力。所以barnacles减少了
E.跟壳没关系。

6-8
1`25 B
逻辑链:美国抽烟增多3.4%,chew tobacco增加18%,同时人口增加5%
问下面哪个结论成立?
A.跟利润无关
B.人均抽烟减少,因为人增加比例比烟高,对
C.跟不吸烟的人无关
D.跟利润无关
E.不知道转换的有多少人

6-9
2`15 E
逻辑链:高脂肪会导致心脏病,喝红酒可以缓解心脏病,美国和法国脂肪摄入差不多,但是法国因为红酒喝得多,所以心脏病少一些。可是尽管最近的红酒差距缩小了,美国心脏病还是比法国的多
问哪个解释
A.无关
B.反驳
C.反驳
D.跟吸烟无关
E.法国的年轻人酒喝得少了,但是到中年才会发病。解释了为啥红酒差距小,但是发病没咋变

6-10
2`38 C
逻辑链:缺少食物和过度捕猎都会威胁动物人口。如果缺食物,动物会晚熟,如果捕猎过多,动物会早熟。
结论:那么可以确定是因为食物不足还是国度捕猎,因为有东西可以反应是早熟还是晚熟,而且因为
问原因
A.前后不一样,之前已经给出足够的判别原因了
B.跟年龄无关
C.这个东西可以被测算出来。正确,否则不能确定
D.无关
E.天气无关
9#
发表于 2020-9-5 21:12:23 | 只看该作者
1,
1’20
选C
Premise:This year, previously established companies will not be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year.
Premise2:unless a record number of companies start up this year
conclusionerderia will not break its record for new jobs created.

思考方向: 找出取反后可能会有更多工作的选项,即今年新公司不会产生更多的新的工作岗位
A,in a given year,和 this year无关
B,找工作的人数量无关
C,可以
D,和established companies的盈利无关
E,和减少的工作岗位无关

2,
1’43
选E
Premise:since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce
Conclusion:people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.
A, 和wine makers 怎么duplicate the preservative effect produced by adding sulfites无关
即使加了别的可能的敏感物质也和我people who are allergic to sulfites无关,因为我要的是对sulfites敏感的人可以喝这个酒
B,这个不能说明对s过敏的人可以喝
C,和wine是不是唯一无关,不能引导至结论 对s过敏的人可以喝这个酒
D,其他物质和对s过敏的人喝这个酒无关
E,可以,因为存在的话,对s过敏的人就不能喝即使制造商没有加入s

3,
6’21
选D
这题实在不知道怎么做。。。。
conclusion: many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase
思考方向: 就是提升pension却没有使人们过得更好在经济上
A,无关,这个无法说明
B,这个政策是two years ago, bank怎样无关
C,文章信息说inflation has been negligible,排除
D,
E,孩子补充,不应该更好吗?

排除法选的。。。没看懂

4,
1’48
选D
Plan: city services will separate for recycling enough refuse to reduce the number of truckloads of refuse to be incinerated to half of last year’s number.  
要实现the amount of residue ash S generate this year to half of last year’s total, 如果truckloads减少了一半,那单车里面的量也要减少一半才可以
【此类题注意目标是啥,和量有关,一定要注意数字】
A,没有说明量,排除
B, 和cost无关
C,没有说明量,减到一半的量无法说明,排除
D,可以。每辆车不多于去年,车减少了一半,那就能达到目标少一半
E,没法说明量,refuse不少于去年,不能说明产生的ash会少啊。一定要注意 对象是啥

5,
2’
选D
Premise:Maintaining this environment is very costly, and recent research shows that even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity.
conclusion:Maintaining this environment is very costly, and recent research shows that even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity.
思考方向: 就是如果relax standard, renaissance oil painting不会坏
A, 和创造的条件无关,要和储存条件相关
B,当前条件不会变坏不代表relax后可以。而且取反后,和premise矛盾
C,和其他collection无关
D,可以说明可以relax标准(至少premise成立的条件下,取反可以削弱)
E,和地点无关


6,
2’57
选D
Premiseublicly available records indicate that Yorco employs roughly the same number of such hourly wage workers as Zortech does but spends a far higher total sum per year on wages for such workers.  
conclusion:hourly wages must be higher, on average, at Yorco than at Zortech
说明原因:思考方向:两者员工工作总时长要差不多,才能证明是工资高低问题导致的总费用不一样。。。想到了,找答案的时候D。。怪里怪气愣了下
A,无关
B,无关
C,这个和premise矛盾
D,可以
E,这个不能说明是工资高低问题,是个例

7,
2’48
选A
Premise:Such burrowing discourages barnacles from clinging to their shells. When fully grown, however, the crabs can readily withstand tidal currents without burrowing, and thus they acquire substantial populations of barnacles.
现象:in areas where tidal currents are very weak, juvenile horseshoe crabs are found not to have significant barnacle populations, even though they seldom burrow.
思考方向:tidal curren和barnacle无因果关系,可能只是和crab成年未成年有关
A,可以
B,文章没说
C,和一天的情况怎么样无关
D,和crab找食物无关,我想知道的是为什么barnacle population少
E,无关,没法解释

8,
1’31
选B
计算题。。。
A, profit不知道cost无法得出
B,可以 (1.34/1.5<1)
C,这个文章信息没说
D,profit不知道cost无法得出
E,这个从给的信息无法得出

9,
2’11
选E
Premise1:regular consumption of red wine reduces the risk of developing heart disease even though saturated fats are consumed.

2, there is less heart disease there than in the United States because consumption of red wine is higher in France.
3,However, The difference in regular red-wine consumption has been narrowing
但是no similar convergence in heart-disease rates has occurred.

找出可以解释结果的原因:1,喝酒和heart-disease无关 2,还有其他原因
A,不能说明为啥两国差异减少,但是得病结果没什么变化
B,这个信息没说,但是说了两者饮酒是差距减少。而且结果说no similar convergence in heart-disease rates has occured, 没说美国变多啊
C,解释更多美国人regular饮酒的原因无关
D,无关
E,可以说明

10,
1’14
选B
premise :If the group faces food scarcity, individuals in the group will reach reproductive maturity later than otherwise. If the group faces excessive hunting, individuals that reach reproductive maturity earlier will come to predominate.
maturity later, maturity earlier 表明和maturity的时间有关
conclusion:it should be possible to determine whether prehistoric mastodons became extinct because of food scarcity or human hunting
A, 没法说明,我们想知道的 是因为什么原因became的extinct是food scarcity or human hunting,这个无法判断
B,可以
C,无法判断是哪个原因
D,无法判断是哪个原因
E,无法判断是哪个原因
10#
发表于 2020-9-5 21:56:50 | 只看该作者


6-1 前提题 120s C
背景:D新开了很多公司,并且之前建立的公司增加了很多职位,导致去年D的职位数创纪录。
矛盾:今年,之前建立的公司不会像之前一样提供大量职位。
结论:除非今年新开很多公司,不然今年新职位数不会创纪录、
A 只比较今年和往年,与特定哪一年无关
B只比较企业提供的工作数,与找工作人数无关
C今年平均每家新开公司提供岗位数不会比去年多。正确,如果每家提供岗位多,即使新开的公司少,也可以创造很多岗位
D只讨论岗位和利润无关
E对比的是今年和去年新增岗位。和失业无关

6-2  前提题 原来做过忘记了 150s
E 背景:许多人对酒中的防腐剂硫过敏。
措施:不在酒中加入硫防止这些人过敏
A酒经销商已经可以使用不添加硫的防腐措施来避免过敏。有关先保留
B无关选项,主要是讲用不用硫而不是硫的种类
C主要讲酒。和其他无关
D只讲硫-酒-过敏,和其他无关
E酒类中自身含的硫不会引起过敏。对,作者假设:不添加硫就不会过敏,那么即使不添加硫。酒类自身含硫的话也会过敏。

6-3补充题 原来做过忘记了 C 90s
背景 :R政府决定给65岁以上老人增发20%养老金
矛盾:很多人经济情况并未因此改善
A无关,无法说明有了钱经济为改善
B似乎解释了为何发了钱经济未改善,因为拿钱慢。
C购买的商品在通货膨胀期间价格上升明显。对。因为买的东西贵了,即使钱多也不会改善经济情况。
D与历史无关
E 与其他人无关,之前怎么样拿了钱还如此,不影响

6-4前提题 原来做过忘记了 D 120s
背景:垃圾焚毁产生了大量的灰烬。政府要将今年产生的灰烬减少到去年的一半
措施:通过垃圾回收,将装灰烬的车装载量限制到之前的一半
A回收的总量不会上升,似乎有关,保留
B 与cost无关
C和灰烬成分无关
D产生的灰烬每辆车装的不会比之前多。如果每辆车装的多了,减少一半还是多。对
E灰烬总量去年不会比今年多。和措施无直接关系。

6-5 前提题 D 180s
背景:油画的保存对条件要求很高;博物馆花巨资营造了良好的保存环境
矛盾:发现对条件敏感的油画并未受到环境波动影响;为了降低成本,博物馆决定降低其标准。
A油画创造时的环境比现如今的恶劣。有关先留着
B现有标准下油画未受损。这已经是文章已知内容,如果受损则不会降低标准,错
C博物馆中没有比油画对条件更敏感的藏品。这个更可能对,因为油画最敏感,如果其他的没有油画敏感,油画可以,其他的也可以。
D 最敏感的油漆不会受影响,那么其他的也不会。比上面的更直接,直接谈论的油画。对
E与其他博物馆无关,错

6-6补充题 D 150s
背景:Y 和K雇佣相同的员工但是Y的总开销比Z大
结论:Y员工时薪比Z高
总开销等于人数*时薪*工作时长。人数一定情况下工作时间长也可能造成开销大
A 说反了,Y开销大应该是Y福利好
B和skill无关
C和员工比例无关
D 双方加班都少 比较正确
E和最大值无关,讨论的是平均数

6-7 支持题 E 150s
这题没大读懂,就知道是螃蟹打洞与否对B的影响。选了一个新内容最少的选项E

6-8结论题 C 120S
73-76
香烟消耗增3.4
烟草销售额增18
人口增5
A与利润无关
B 76年人均香烟消耗低于73。只知道增量百分数不知道总数,无法人均
C 不吸烟人口比例下降。人口增速大于烟草消耗,那么不吸烟的百分比应该多。对
D无法涉及利润,错
E吸烟人口转移,错

6-9 解释题  120S E
背景:喝红酒会减少心血管疾病。f法国与美国肥胖率类似但是法国人心血管疾病发病少因为喝红酒多
矛盾:现在美国人喝红酒的差异与法国慢慢缩小,但是心血管发病率没小
A没大看懂,感觉无关,文章主要讲的是红酒-心血管疾病的差异
B过去30年美国脂肪消耗没变,法国增加了。,说明法国自身恶化了,美国下降法国升高,差异应该小。那么差异C法国人比美国抽烟严重。那么应该是美国人和法国人D疾病风险差异越来越小才对,美国人降低,法国人升高,差值变小。
E。法国年轻人不喝红酒,中年后疾病发作。
说明法国降低的略微缓慢,没有其他更合适答案,选此项
6-10 补充题  120s B
背景:食物短缺和天敌捕杀都可能威胁到物种数量。食物短缺会造成成熟期晚。天敌捕杀造成成熟期早。
结论:可以通过化石来判断死亡原因是食物还是天敌,因为:
A。无关,主要是讲两者差异如何区分
B,说明了可以通过不同时间判断到达繁殖期。对。因为两种死亡方式繁殖期不同
C判断灭绝时间无关,主要是讲区分繁殖期
D。与人类无关
E与气候无关



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