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51. People who have political power tend to see new technologies as a means of extending or protecting their power, whereas they generally see new ethical arguments and ideas as a threat to it. Therefore, technical ingenuity usually brings benefits to those who have this ingenuity, whereas ethical inventiveness brings only pain to those who have this inventiveness.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A.Those who offer new ways of justifying current political power often reap the benefits of their own innovations.
B.Politically powerful people tend to reward those who they believe are useful to them and to punish those who they believe are a threat.
C.Ethical inventiveness and technical ingenuity are never possessed by the same individuals
D.New technologies are often used by people who strive to defeat those who currently have political power.
E.Many people who possess ethical inventiveness conceal their novel ethical arguments for fear of retribution by the politically powerful.
B is correct. The passage reaches the conclusion that technical ingenuity usually brings benefits to those who have this ingenuity, whereas ethical inventiveness brings only pain to those who have this inventiveness. However the only reason is that People who have political power tend to see new technologies as a means of extending or protecting their power, whereas they generally see new ethical arguments and ideas as a threat to it. From the reason to the conclusion, there is a jump of concept. We need a link for the 2 concepts: people who have political power and the ingenuity. Choice B, by establishing the link, provides the strongest support. Choice B is actually an assumption for the argument.
A, C does not bear on the reasoning of the passage. D weakens the argument. E does not concern, because what many people do has nothing to do with the conclusion.
52. Birds need so much food energy to maintain their body temperatures that some of them spend most of their time eating. But a comparison of a bird of a seed-eating species to a bird of a nectar-eating species that has the same overall energy requirement would surely show that the seed-eating bird spends more time eating than does the nectar-eating bird, since a given amount of nectar provides more energy than does the same amount of seeds
The argument relies on which one of the following questionable assumptions
A.Birds of different species do not generally have the same overall energy requirements as each other
B.The nectar-eating bird does not sometimes also eat seeds
C.The time it takes for the nectar-eating bird to eat a given amount of nectar is not longer than the time it takes the seed-eating bird to eat the same amount of seeds
D.The seed-eating bird does not have a lower body temperature than that of the nectar-eating bird
E.The overall energy requirements of a given bird do not depend on factors such as the size of the bird, its nest-building habits; and the climate of the region in which it lives
这就是一个排除它因型假设呀！为什么一定要去反呢在去看呢，好像这里好多网友都在这么做。即使取反，那肯定削弱了原来命题：它因存在，不是吃得多，而是吃得慢造成的时间花费差异。--- dorbear
Nectar鸟和seed鸟需要能量一样多，但nectar食物单个能量大，所以nectar鸟吃的数量少。结论：nectar鸟吃东西花的时间少。使以上必然成立的条件（assumption)是nectar鸟一定吃的更快，不然还是有可能花的时间比seed鸟多。和C相反，所以c questionable。---- seanql
53. When investigators discovered that the director of a local charity had repeatedly overstated the number of people his charity had helped, the director accepted responsibility for the deception. However, the investigators claims that journalists were as much to blame as the director was for inflating the charity’s reputation, since they had naively accepted what the director told them, and simply reported as fact the numbers he gave them.
Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the investigators’ claim
A.Anyone who works for a charitable organization is obliged to be completely honest about the activities of that organization.
B.Anyone who knowingly aids a liar by trying to conceal the truth from others is also a liar.
C.Anyone who presents as factual a story that turns out to be untrue without first attempting to verify that story is no less responsible for the consequences of that story than anyone else is.
D.Anyone who lies in order to advance his or her own career is more deserving of blame than someone who lies in order to promote a good cause.
E.Anyone who accepts responsibility for a wrongful act that he or she committed is less deserving of blame than someone who tries to conceal his or her own wrongdoing.
同51题：
参考思路：加强型题型。
对作者的论述，进行简单归纳形成加强。Anyone who presents as factual a story that turns out to be untrue without first attempting to verify that story is no less responsible for the consequences of that story than anyone else is.
这三题看了解释还是不太明白，能再帮我详细点分析一下吗？谢谢啦 |
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发表于 2010-11-4 13:57:33
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