[求助]大全中两题/大全-C-16,大全-B-15

In 1986, the city of Los Diablos had 20 days on which air pollution reached unhealthful amounts and a smog alert was put into effect. In early 1987, new air pollution control measures were enacted, but the city had smog alerts on 31 days that year and on 39 days the following year. In 1989, however, the number of smog alerts in Los Diablos dropped to sixteen. The main air pollutants in Los Diablos are ozone and carbon monoxide, and since 1986 the levels of both have been monitored by gas spectrography.

Which of the following statements, assuming that each is true, would be LEAST helpful in explaining the air pollution levels in Los Diablos between 1986 and 1989?

(A) The 1987 air pollution control measures enacted in Los Diablos were put into effect in November of 1988.

(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented.

(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.

(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.
               (E) Excess ozone and carbon monoxide require a minimum of two years to break   down naturally in the atmosphere above a given area
答案为B。 为什么？ 难道它 不能解释difference吗？
  

In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.

It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?

I.      Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers.

II.         More government workers should be fired.

III.   Most government workers are Civil Service employees.

(A) I only

(B) I and III only

(C) II only

(D) I, II, and III

(E) III only

答案为A。 III为什么不对？

谢谢各位大侠的指教。

(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented.

B 的用意大概与C 相似，只是，invented 出来，何时投入使用？是否被LD城使用？     等问题尚需补充说明。

(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.

偶来接着问：为啥D不是无关的哪？

(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.

D选项只能说明88年的增长，但是却与89年的减少成了一对儿矛盾？该怎么解释哪？谢谢。难道又是假设的非充分性，非必要性在做怪乎？

In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.

It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?

I.      Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers.
II.         More government workers should be fired.
III.   Most government workers are Civil Service employees.
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) II only
(D) I, II, and III

(E) III only

还是不懂诶，哪位指点一下，我怎么觉得应该是Ｄ啊。不要笑话我没逻辑哦。

以下是引用三脚猫在2004-12-14 21:45:00的发言：

In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.

It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?

I.      Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers.
II.         More government workers should be fired.
III.   Most government workers are Civil Service employees.
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) II only
(D) I, II, and III

(E) III only

还是不懂诶，哪位指点一下，我怎么觉得应该是Ｄ啊。不要笑话我没逻辑哦。

我也選的D，現在差不多把III弄明白暸，誰給講講II啊？？謝謝

看来大家对B的错误的理解有二：1)更准确的设备会提高那个数值；2）只是invented,但是不一定用了。

我觉得解释1）肯定是有问题的。我们也能理解成accurate的仪器会排除那些误判的数据呀。就像答案A一样，谁说new 的control measure就是好的，就能减少空气污染？也许new的measures反而有问题的，反而不好呢。再比如答案C,谁又说了新的scale是把标准降低（只有标准降低才能解释），而不是把标准改得更严格？比如答案D,也有可能说这几个donate的公司从来不排放空气污染呢！

我觉得explain只要证明有可能，或者说讲得通就是了。不能解释的应该是无论把这个解释建立在怎样的assumption上，都不能去解释。

对于解释2)也是一样道理。就像是答案C,虽说是在1989年2月修改的，谁说了就马上实施了？可能修改了，到执行还有很长过程呢。

我觉得还是D有问题。D的意思是市长让一些公司排除出这个控制污染的方案（而不是不去测量他们）。那这样的话，这些公司就会继续排放污染。对题目不能解释呀。

敬请指教！