【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-12】

kidvii · 发表于 2011-8-17 19:48:33

逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html

NO.1
Physician: In itself, exercise does not cause heart attacks; rather, a sudden increase in an exercise regimen can be a cause. When people of any physical condition suddenly increase their amount of exercise, they also increase their risk of heart attack. As a result, there will be an increased risk of heart attack among employees of this company due to the new health program.
The conclusion drawn by the physician follows logically if which one of the flowing is assumed?
(A) Employees will abruptly increase their amount of exercise as a result of the new health program.
NO.2
Last month OCF, Inc., announced what it described as a unique new product: an adjustable computer workstation. Three days later ErgoTech unveiled an almost identical product. The two companies claim that the similarities are coincidental and occurred because the designers independently reached the same solution to the same problem. The similarities are too fundamental to be mere coincidence, however. The two products not only look alike, but they also work alike. Both are oddly shaped with identically placed control panels with the same types of controls. Both allow the same types of adjustments and the same types of optional enhancements.
The main point of the argument is that
(C) The similarities between the two products are not coincidental.
NO.3
An anthropologist hypothesized that a certain medicinal power contained a significant amount of the deadly toxin T. When the test she performed for the presence of toxin T was negative, the anthropologist did not report the results. A chemist who nevertheless learned about the test results charged the anthropologist with fraud. The anthropologist, however, countered that those results were invalid because the power had inadvertently been test in acidic solution.
In the absence of the anthropologist’s reply, which one of the following principles, if established, would most support the chemist’s charge?
(E) Scientists who neglect to report any experiment that could be interpreted as disconfirming their hypothesis have thereby committed fraud.
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the anthropologist’s counterargument?
(C) When it is put into an acidic solution, toxin T becomes undetectable.
NO.4
Every year, new reports appear concerning the health risks posed by certain substances, such as coffee and sugar. One year an article claimed that coffee is dangerous to one’s health. The next year, another article argued that coffee has some benefits for one’s health. From these contradictory opinions, we see that experts are useless for guiding one’s decisions about one’s health.
Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument above?
(E) The argument fails to consider that coffee may be harmful to one’s health in some respects and beneficial in others.

NO.5 AA
The following appeared as part of an article in a trade magazine:
“During a recent trial period in which government inspections at selected meat-processing plants were more frequent,
the amount of bacteria in samples of processed chicken decreased by 50 percent on average from the previous year’s
level. If the government were to institute more frequent inspections, the incidence of stomach and intestinal infections
throughout the country could thus be cut in half. In the meantime, consumers of Excel Meats should be safe from
infection because Excel’s main processing plant has shown more improvement in eliminating bacterial contamination
than any other plant cited in the government report.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.

superbat28 · 发表于 2011-8-17 21:37:53

1. 38s
Conclusion: The employees will have a higher risk of heart disease once the new program is effect
Premise: Increased exercise?increased risk of heart attack

Assumption: Employs did not expose to such high level of exercise previously (我想多了0 0)

2. 45s
Conclusion: The similarities cannot be a coincide
Premise: Both have similar unique design, and allow same adjustment
Counter-Conclusion: The similarity is a coincide, just because both companies use the same strategy to get the same result

3. 45s
Conclusion: The result was invalid
Premise: A situation that makes the material lose validity

Principle: If sb. do not report failure, he must have committed to a fraud
Support: No chance would the same situation leads to a valid result (好吧，我又想多了0 0)

4. 35s
Conclusion:砖家都是没用的！！！！
Premise: 砖家自己很纠结。。。一会说coffee好，一会说它坏。

Flaw：没有考虑到，砖家是有苦衷的… 考虑角度不同….

superbat28 · 发表于 2011-8-17 21:41:54

AA好多flaw，好多flaw~~~
1. Although it the percentage has significantly decreased, it does not mean it has the potential to continue the decline, we need more analysis
2. 50% decline in the amount of bacteria does not mean that we will have a 50% decline in intestial report, since lots of other factors may conribute to the number of reports: such as people's physical condition....
3. A large improvement does not mean that the company is safe, becasue it may have a status that far below the industrial average~

fox0923 · 发表于 2011-8-18 13:22:31

32s
P: The sudden increase of exercise will increase heart attack problem.
C: The new health program will bring the heart attack problems for the company employees.
Assumption: The new health program will offer intense exercise schedule for employees.

50s
P: The work stations that these two companies invented are the same because the inventors try to solve the same problem.
P: However, this cannot be coincidence merely, since the work stations not only function similarly, but also design similarly.
Conclusion: The work stations are coincident if based on their own independent designs to reach to the same solution.

45s
P: The chemist criticized that the anthropologist didn't announce her test result.
C: The anthropologist argued that her result is invalid because other factors are also involved.
Strengthen: The factors involved in the test are not stable to test the result.

26s
P: The report shows that coffee is good for human healthy, sometimes it shows the opposite.
C: The report from the expert about coffee effect on human's health is not trust able.
Flaw: The different ingredients of coffee can either benefit human's health or harm their health.

daisyの小夢想 · 发表于 2011-8-19 06:58:54

1. 45s
BG:
A sudden increase of physical condiction can cause heart attack.
Premise: Sudden increas of exercise will increase the risk of heart attak.
Conclusion:
There will be an increased risk of heart attack if they have new health problem.
Assumption:
Such new health problem will change one's physical condition.

2.60s
Two companies' new products are extremely similar. They claim that it's coincidence. However, too much fundamental similarities...
Main Point: The similarity is not coincidence.

3. 40s
An anthropologist asserts that a medical power can be toxic.
But her test result is not what she assumes.
Her reasoning is that the medical power has inadvertently been test in acidic solution.
Support:
What are toxic can lose effect in acidic solution.

4. 45s
One article claimes that coffee is beneficial to one's health.
Another article claims that coffee is detrimental to one's health.
Conclusion: Both of the articles are useless for people to decide whether to drink coffee.
Flaw:
两个观点contradict了，就不能参考其正确的理由。
人们依然可以根据其好处和坏处来做判断呀~

纳丁Cat · 发表于 2011-8-20 15:59:57

8-17
1. 28s
Physician: In itself, exercise does not cause heart attacks; rather, a sudden increase in an exercise regimen can be a cause. When people of any physical condition suddenly increase their amount of exercise, they also increase their risk of heart attack. As a result, there will be an increased risk of heart attack among employees of this company due to the new health program.
The conclusion drawn by the physician follows logically if which one of the flowing is assumed?
Regimen生活规律，政体
医生：并不是一下突然增加运动量就对身体好，这样更容易增加heart attacks。结论：这个公司新的健康计划不好。
假设：新的健康计划不是循序渐进的，会突然增加运动量
(A) Employees will abruptly increase their amount of exercise as a result of the new health program.补上gap

2. 60s
Last month OCF, Inc., announced what it described as a unique new product: an adjustable computer workstation. Three days later ErgoTech unveiled an almost identical product. The two companies claim that the similarities are coincidental and occurred because the designers independently reached the same solution to the same problem. The similarities are too fundamental to be mere coincidence, however. The two products not only look alike, but they also work alike. Both are oddly shaped with identically placed control panels with the same types of controls. Both allow the same types of adjustments and the same types of optional enhancements.
The main point of the argument is that
Adjustable可调节的 optional 可选择的
公司A发明了一个好东西，几天之后，马上公司B推出一个几乎一摸一样的产品。两个公司都说这是巧合，因为这个产品刚好很有用的解决了一个电脑问题。但是，这个巧合其实并不是那么fundamental。这个相似性并不仅仅是巧合。虽然两个产品看起来不一样，它们两个不仅看起来一样。但它们工作的原理，用的零件等等都是一样的。
推论：肯定有除了巧合之外的原理导致了这两个产品如此相像。
(C) The similarities between the two products are not coincidental. 总结上文

3. 60s
An anthropologist hypothesized that a certain medicinal power contained a significant amount of the deadly toxin T. When the test she performed for the presence of toxin T was negative, the anthropologist did not report the results. A chemist who nevertheless learned about the test results charged the anthropologist with fraud. The anthropologist, however, countered that those results were invalid because the power had inadvertently been test in acidic solution.
In the absence of the anthropologist’s reply, which one of the following principles, if established, would most support the chemist’s charge?
In the absence of缺少时 disconfirming证明不成立，驳斥 undetectable.发现不了的
一个人类学家说一个东西有毒素T。但他做实验的，毒素T呈阴性，他就没有报告这个结果。另一个人就说这个人类学家fraud。人类学家就说，呈阴性是因为溶液里加了酸液。
支持化学家：只要呈现阴性，就说明那个粉粉没有T
(E) Scientists who neglect to report any experiment that could be interpreted as disconfirming their hypothesis have thereby committed fraud. 补上gap
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the anthropologist’s counterargument?
支持人类学家：T呈碱性，加了酸会被中和。
C) When it is put into an acidic solution, toxin T becomes undetectable. 补上gap

4. 25s
Every year, new reports appear concerning the health risks posed by certain substances, such as coffee and sugar. One year an article claimed that coffee is dangerous to one’s health. The next year, another article argued that coffee has some benefits for one’s health. From these contradictory opinions, we see that experts are useless for guiding one’s decisions about one’s health.
Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument above?
每一年都很关于一些东西对健康影响的报告，比如糖和咖啡。这一年说咖啡对健康不好，下一年又说咖啡对健康好。结论：这些报告对人们健康的decision没有用。
削弱：忽视了喝咖啡的特殊性。比如报告说早上喝好，晚上喝不好。其实它们不是矛盾的。
(E) The argument fails to consider that coffee may be harmful to one’s health in some respects and beneficial in others. 结论削弱

大三准备留学 · 发表于 2012-2-26 15:41:15

1.运动不会加大心脏发病率，但是突然的运动会
所以公司的新的健康程序会加大职工的心脏发病率

假设：健康程序会使员工突然运动。。。

2 两个总司几乎在同一时间发布了极为类似的产品，两个公司都申明是巧合，但是这些巧合太过于相似了，连什么什么都一样。。。。

结论：这不是个巧合

3.一个人类学家认为什么有T毒，但是在检测结果中没有发现，他隐瞒了
一个化学家发现后批评人类学家但人类学家认为哪个检测结果是无效的因为是在酸性物质下的检测

加强化学家：在酸性条件下T毒不会分解

4.今年科学家说咖啡对人体有害，明年说有益处，所以科学家都扯淡在指引健康这个问题上很没用处
FLAW：针对不同的人有害有益是不同的

5.50% may no low enough
government report
decrease in becteria. means low incidence of sotmach ....disease?

CC5 · 发表于 2012-10-12 16:26:18

1.37s
P:the new health program will cause heart attacks because the sudden increase in an exercise regimen

Ass: the new program need employee do exercise suddenly

2.52s
就是公司侵权了是么?

3.可能那个药的副作用不在于本身,而是和别的要作用后危害更大

很多病人用了那个药之后没有出现不正常的现象

4.28s
Con: experts is useless
Pre: experts support some information are paradox
Flaw: the information are appeal to different people

MiaZhang · 发表于 2012-11-10 11:08:48

1.26s
P:运动本身不会导致心脏病，但是运动的突然增加会导致心脏病
C:由于公司的exercise program，员工面临心脏病增加的危险
Assumption：在program之前，员工们没有体育锻炼的习惯
2.40s
P:there are so many similarities between two products form two different companies
C:too similar to be said coincidence
Main Point:the two similar products form both companies are not made out of coincedence
3.39s
A assumed that a certain medicinal power contained T but her test resulted the opposite, so she did not report the result and referred the inadvertent result in another experiment as defence.
Support C: any result from any experiment should be reported even though the result is not in accordance with the hypothesis
Strengthen A: the experiment about the medicinal power committed the same mistake as the acidic experiment did
4.24s
P: two articles hold different opinions about coffee
C:experts are useless for guiding people's decision about health
Flaw:cite one example to justify a conclusion about the whole field
5.36s
逻辑错误：
同时发生不等于因果关系：细菌的减少可能不是由于inspection frequency的增加而导致
肉加工过程中的细菌和肠胃病之间有GAP，文章没有提
Improvement不代表process就是规范合格的，有可能原来水平太低，现在提高了不少，但还是不能达到卫生标准

Cybill · 发表于 2013-4-23 17:05:25

1. 45'
BG: Physician: exercise itself cannot cause heart attacks.
Premise: However, a suddenly exercise could increase risk of someone cause heart attacks no matter what health condition he was.
Conclusion: A company healthy progress will increase risk of heart attack.
Logically: healthy progress = suddenly exercise.

2. 52'
BG: new products of two companies are the same. However, two companies claim that the similarity is coincidental.

3. 42'
BG: anthropologist says a certain medicinal power contained a toxin T.
Premise: anthropologist tested it is negative but not reported the result. He explains that the result is tested in acidic solution so it is wrong.
Conclusion:
Support the chemist: toxin T in acidic solution have no reaction.
Support the anthropologist: toxin T in acidic solution have reaction.

4. 23'
BG: some result about coffee is good or bad for health is contradictory.
Premise: because the result change year after year.
Conclusion: expert are useless for guiding one's health.
Flaw: other result of substances is right/ result is more accurate year after year.

AA: 50'
Government inspections is good for decrease incidence of people's stomach and intestinal infections.
So there should be more inspections. Meantime, Meat from Excel company is better than other's because Excel's main processing plant show more improvement.

【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-12】

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