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（抱歉，我没搞清楚情况哈。这组小分队练习是2012-10-28日的功课。队友们明天之内做完就好了。）
Elen的IE出问题了，米线友情出演代她为大家服务贴本次文史哲的小分队内容。
Elen说这是她第一次为大家收集、整理阅读资料，请大家做了之后对这些内容提出宝贵的意见和建议，需要改进的话，请大家在本帖留言，Elen将继续改进。
谢谢every one!!!!!!!!!! 周末快乐！
【计时1】
The New Mental Health law
China's new mental health law, adopted on Friday, is expected to protect the rights of mentally ill people, reduce abuse and raise public awareness of mental disorders.
The Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress approved the bill at its bi-monthly session, which ran from Tuesday to Friday, after three readings.
Under the new law, there should be no infringements upon the dignity, personal safety or the property of mentally ill people.
The law also stipulates that institutions and individuals should protect the privacy of mentally ill people by preventing leaks of private information, such as their names, addresses and employment status, unless the sharing of such data is necessary for institutions and individuals while exercising their lawful duties.
China currently has about 16 million people suffering from severe mental disorders, according to the Ministry of Health.
Wrongly institutionalized
The law has attracted great public attention since the draft was first submitted for discussion last October, largely due to increasing reports of incidents in which people were wrongly institutionalized.
On Oct. 10, or World Mental Health Day, four people who claim to have been wrongly institutionalized sent written pleas to hospitals and courts across China, demanding fairer diagnoses of mental diseases and greater scrutiny of patients' custodians.
Among them was Chen Guoming, a former gold store owner, who was forced into an asylum in February 2011 by his wife and locked up for 56 days after refusing to lend money to his wife's family at their request.
When he was released, he found his wife had transferred nearly 800,000 yuan (126,182 U.S. dollars) from his account and taken all of the jewelry in his store. His losses totaled 6 million yuan.
The law is expected to curb abuses regarding compulsory mental health treatment and protect citizens from undergoing unnecessary treatment or illegal hospitalization.
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【计时2】
The law bans mental health examinations on a citizen against his or her own will.
However, if a person suffering suspected mental illness poses a danger to himself or herself, or to others, close relatives, an employer or local police authorities may send him or her to a hospital at once for a diagnosis, it says.
Under the law, every mental illness diagnosis should be made by a qualified psychiatrist.
Mentally ill people shall receive inpatient treatment on a voluntary basis, except those who are diagnosed with a severe mental illness and have the potential to harm themselves or others.
Patients and their relatives can request a second diagnosis on their condition and, if they still disagree with the diagnosis, they can turn to any qualified medical institution for verification, according to the law.
Wang Shaoli, deputy head of the Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, a leading psychiatric hospital, told Xinhua that the law clarifies several rules regarding who is able to send potentially mentally ill people for diagnosis and how to settle a dispute over their condition. As such, it will no doubt help prevent abuse."However, it is impossible for the law alone to eliminate malpractice regarding hospitalization," he said. "Besides the law, we need well-designed medical protocols and strict implementation of laws and protocols."
（215）
【计时3】
In Cyberattack on Saudi Firm, U.S. Sees Iran Firing Back
The hackers picked the one day of the year they knew they could inflict the most damage on the world’s most valuable company, Saudi Aramco.
On Aug. 15, more than 55,000 Saudi Aramco employees stayed home from work to prepare for one of Islam’s holiest nights of the year — Lailat al Qadr, or the Night of Power —celebrating the revelation of the Koran to Muhammad.
That morning, at 11:08, a person with privileged access to the Saudi state-owned oil company’s computers, unleashed a computer virus to initiate what is regarded as among the most destructive acts of computer sabotage on a company to date. The virus erased data on three-quarters of Aramco’s corporate PCs — documents, spreadsheets, e-mails, files — replacing all of it with an image of a burning American flag.
United States intelligence officials say the attack’s real perpetrator was Iran, although they offered no specific evidence to support that claim. But the secretary of defense, Leon E. Panetta, in a recent speech warning of the dangers of computer attacks, cited the Aramco sabotage as “a significant escalation of the cyber threat.” In the Aramco case, hackers who called themselves the “Cutting Sword of Justice” and claimed to be activists upset about Saudi policies in the Middle East took responsibility.But their online message and the burning flag were probably red herrings, say independent computer researchers who have looked at the virus’s code.
Immediately after the attack, Aramco was forced to shut down the company’s internal corporate network, disabling employees’ e-mail and Internet access, to stop the virus from spreading.
It could have been much worse. An examination of the sabotage revealed why government officials and computer experts found the attack disturbing. Aramco’s oil production operations are segregated from the company’s internal communications network. Once executives were assured that only the internal communications network had been hit and that not a drop of oil had been spilled, they set to work replacing the hard drives of tens of thousands of its PCs and tracking down the parties responsible, according to two people close to the investigation but who were not authorized to speak publicly about it.
（356）
[attachimg=446,285]108872[/attachimg]
【计时4】
Ignored love
Once upon a time all feelings and emotions went to a coastal island for a vacation, and each was having a good time. Suddenly, a warning of an impending storm was announced and everyone was advised to evacuate the island.
The announcement caused sudden panic. All rushed to their boats. Even damaged boats were quickly repaired and commissioned for duty.
Yet, Love did not wish to flee quickly. There was so much to do. But as the clouds darkened, Love realised it was time to leave. Alas, there were no boats to spare. Love looked around with hope.
Just then Prosperity passed by in a luxurious boat. Love shouted, " rosperity, could you please take me in your boat?"
"No," replied Prosperity, "my boat is full of precious possessions, gold and silver. There is no place for you."
A little later Vanity came by in a beautiful boat. Again Love shouted, "Could you help me, Vanity? I am stranded and need a lift. Please take me with you."
Vanity responded haughtily, "No, I cannot take you with me. My boat will get soiled with your muddy feet."
Sorrow passed by after some time. Again, Love asked for help. But it was to no avail. "No, I cannot take you with me. I am so sad. I want to be by myself."
When Happiness passed by a few minutes later, Love again called for help. But Happiness was so happy that it did not look around, hardly concerned about anyone.
Love was growing restless and dejected. Just then somebody called out, "Come Love, I will take you with me." Love did not know who was being so magnanimous, but jumped on to the boat, greatly relieved that she would reach a safe place.
On getting off the boat, Love met Knowledge. Puzzled, Love inquired, "Knowledge, do you know who so generously gave me a lift just when no one else wished to help?"
Knowledge smiled, "Oh, that was Time."
"And why would Time stop to pick me and take me to safety?" Love wondered.
Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and replied, "Because only Time knows your true greatness and what you are capable of. Only Love can bring peace and great happiness in this world."
"The important message is that when we are prosperous, we overlook love. When we feel important, we forget love. Even in happiness and sorrow we forget love. Only with time do we realize the importance of love. Why wait that long? Why not make love a part of your life today?"
（424）
【计时5】
Why Did Cleopatra Wear Makeup?
[attachimg=496,363]108873[/attachimg]
Over five thousand years ago, the ancient Egyptians used eye shadow, not only for cosmetic but practical purposes as well. Dark pigment painted around the eye helped protect the eye from the bright midday sun glaring off the desert sands.
The earliest eye paint in ancient Egypt was a thick, bright green paste made from the mineral malachite.
By the time Queen Cleopatra came to power in the 1st century BC, Egyptian women had at their disposal a whole rainbow of cosmetics, all of which were made from rocks, minerals, and plants in the region. Cleopatra used the bright green malachite paste of the ancient Egyptians on her lower eyelids.
On her upper eyelids, she used a deep blue eye shadow with gold-colored pyrite flecks, made from ground lapis lazuli stone. She darkened her eyebrows and lengthened her eyelashes with black kohl, a mixture of powdered lead sulfide and animal fat. And for lipstick and rouge, Cleopatra used red ochre, a type of clay colored red by iron oxide.
The Egyptian queen even wore nail polish, made of the reddish-brown dye called henna, which comes from the Egyptian privet tree. And Cleopatra often had her palms painted with henna in elaborate designs. Like the ancient Egyptians before her, Cleopatra used her cosmetics not simply for beauty’s sake, but for certain benefits that beauty might bring. With Julius Caesar as her lover and, later, Marc Antony as her husband, Cleopatra consolidated Egypt’s power with that of Rome.
（246）
【越障训练】
Russia's president
"I am doing fine.”
[attachimg=513,286]108874[/attachimg]
Oct 26th 2012, 9:02 by J.P. | MOSCOW
VLADIMIR PUTIN seemed a fit, relaxed and happy 60-year-old as he addressed this year's meeting of the Valdai club of mostly foreign economic experts over dinner at the Novo-Ogaryovo presidential villa outside Moscow on October 25th. He had the air of a man with few worries either about his own position as president of Russia or about his country's future.
His most dramatic comments came in response to questions about the Pussy Riot verdicts handing down jail terms to two young women who allegedly desecrated an Orthodox church altar in the spring. He was unapologetic. In his typical earthy language he denounced the women for practising group sex, public sex with a woman who was nine months pregnant and for undermining morality. He also drew an analogy with the Californian maker of an anti-Muslim film who is in jail.
In this Mr Putin was reflecting broader views of Russian officials who spoke at this year's Valdai conference in St Petersburg and Moscow. Most dismissed both the Pussy Rioters and the Moscow opposition street protesters as elitist, unrepresentative and easily dispersed. Mr Putin echoed officials who argued that Russia was merely applying its own laws, and who even claimed that the police were softer than those who had been dealing with protesters in the streets of Athens or Madrid.
The continuing euro crisis offered Mr Putin yet another reason for complacency. He was careful not to blame anybody and also to insist that Russia wanted Europe to resolve its problems. But with half an eye to his own country's Eurasian union with Belarus and Kazakhstan, he deplored the folly of moving to monetary union too fast and with too many members that were not ready.
As for Russia itself, the overwhelming message from this year's Valdai was that things were OK. At one point Mr Putin even said that "I am doing fine." His response to most of the group's suggestions that Russia needed big reforms was strikingly complacent. Changes to courts, the judicial system and the bureaucracy were on the way, he said. He hailed a recent Russian advance in the World Bank's "Doing Business" rankings from 120th to 112th. And he insisted that lots more was being done to attract foreign investors in such areas as the high-tech and pharma.
Yet this is to ignore deep-seated worries about the Russian economy. As oil and gas revenues start to fall away in importance, the economy needs rebalancing towards new firms, small enterprises, services and small-scale manufacturing. But the dead weight of corruption, ill-protected property rights, taxation and regulation make these all but impossible to develop. Those like Mr Putin who insist that all is well are ignoring the risk that investors might well move to places with more hospitable business climates.
And that includes Russians as well as foreigners. The figures show clearly a continuing pattern of capital flight and emigration of skilled youths. Taxed on this issue, Mr Putin insisted that other countries were similarly affected and that this was just another by-product of globalisation. Yet just as Russia seems unwilling to embrace the greater domestic competition implicit in its recent accession to the World Trade Organisation, so it seems unprepared to accept the lack of confidence implied by the scale of capital flight and emigration.
Mr Putin yet again talked up Russia's improving demography, with higher birth rates and lower death rates. But one poll before the Valdai club showed that 68% of Russians on above-average incomes want their children to study abroad and 37% want their children to leave Russia for good. These numbers are a devastating comment by Russia's middle classes on their country's future.
Mr Putin and his cronies seem to believe that stability is everything, not recognising that it can all too easily turn into a stagnation that enervates all entrepreneurial spirit. Indeed, they do not seem to value entrepreneurship much or at all. All too often, small companies in Russia find their profits disappearing in taxes and corrupt payments. No wonder so few people are willing to invest.
The Putin regime has a similarly grumpy view of Syria and the Arab spring, both of which in Russian eyes pose a risk of chaos against the previous stability. They even blame the West for fomenting the chaos in the first place. Their approach to the West in general and the United States in particular is relentlessly negative and zero-sum. There was, however, one thing they all agreed on: that relations would be even worse under a President Mitt Romney.
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发表于 2012-10-27 00:51:13
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