[求助]天山TS-9-25

T-9-Q25.
   

Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. However, a study has found that almost all scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their fields late and less than a dozen years before their creative breakthroughs. Since creative breakthroughs by scientists under forty also generally occur within a dozen years of the scientists’ entry into the field, the study’s finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not due to age but rather because most have spent too long in their fields.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

1. The first is the position that the argument as a whole depends; the second is evidence that is advanced as part of that evidence.

2. The first and second are both claims that have been advanced in support of a position that the argument as a whole opposes.

3. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second provides evidence in support of a competing explanation that the argument defends.

4. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is evidence that has been used against an alternative explanation that the argument defends.

5. The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge that explanation.                                                                                                   ANS:C

對答案沒有問題,我想問的是這句話"a study has found that almost all scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their fields late and less than a dozen years before their creative breakthroughs."我一直覺得我沒辦法正確理解它的意思,由其是後半段"late and less than a dozen years before their creative breakthroughs",請大家幫我翻譯一下嚕,謝謝^_^

文章先说：没有creative breakthought（CB）是因为年龄

后说however，那就是说未必了

一个调查说：40岁后进入的人，也有 CB，只是入行晚，也花了不到12年时间。

后面说了原因，为啥是however

因为40岁前作出CB的人也是做了不到12年，可见调查本身说明，不是年龄的问题，而是有些过了40岁的人，花了太长的时间。意思似乎就是，你12年做不出东西，那就一般肯的做不出了，和年龄没关系。

第一个boldface：是文章chanllage的解释。第二个，是一个evidence，这个东西的提出直接导致了，前面的explaination被chanllege，且得出了另一个结论。

所以C

E is an explaination it defends but that was challenged in Choice C