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之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
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1.CR
XYZ Corporation, a multinational conglomerate, is deliberating between two strategic options for its forthcoming operational expansion: either procuring a manufacturing facility smaller in scale than its current one or leasing a factory equivalent in size to its existing one. Procuring the factory would necessitate a substantial loan, but the ensuing yearly loan repayments would be predetermined and unchanging. Conversely, leasing the factory is projected to result in exponentially escalating rental costs on an annual basis, commensurate with the anticipated market trends and the landlord's inclination towards profit maximization.
After a meticulous analysis of the financial implications and potential risks associated with each option, XYZ Corporation has reached a decision to procure the factory. Which of the following, if true, would most effectively substantiate this decision from a long-term strategic perspective?
(A) The present loan required for procuring the factory is markedly lower than the loan the company previously incurred for its existing factory, which was purchased during a period of economic recession and low interest rates.
(B) The predetermined yearly loan repayments for procuring the factory, when adjusted for inflation over the next decade, are projected to be lower than the current year's rental cost for a factory of commensurate size, assuming a stable economic environment.
(C) XYZ Corporation anticipates a robust expansion of its operations in the foreseeable future, necessitating a larger factory space to accommodate its growing production demands and capitalize on economies of scale.
(D) XYZ Corporation could procure the smaller factory and simultaneously lease additional, similarly-sized factories for its disparate operations, thereby diversifying its real estate portfolio and mitigating the risks associated with a single large investment.
(E) XYZ Corporation intends to utilize the procured factory for a period exceeding fifteen years, making the long-term cost savings from ownership more attractive than the flexibility of leasing, given the company's stable market position and low likelihood of requiring significant operational changes in the near future.
In linguistics, a phoneme is defined as a distinct unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language. The total number of distinct phonemes across all known human languages is estimated to be around 200. Each language has its own unique set of phonemes, known as its phonemic inventory. The median size of phonemic inventories across languages is approximately 30 phonemes, while English has a relatively large inventory of 44 phonemes. At the extremes, some languages, such as Rotokas, a language of Papua New Guinea, have as few as 11 phonemes, while others, such as !Xóõ, a language spoken in Botswana, have as many as 160 phonemes.
Which of the following statements is LEAST supported by the information provided in the passage?
(A) The number of languages with phonemic inventories smaller than that of English is greater than the number of languages with phonemic inventories larger than that of English.
(B) If two languages have phonemic inventories of the same size, they must have at least one phoneme that is different between them.
(C) It is possible for a single language's phonemic inventory to contain nearly all of the approximately 200 distinct phonemes found across all human languages.
(D) Languages spoken in close geographical proximity, such as those found in Africa, are likely to share a considerable number of phonemes in their inventories.
(E) The median size of phonemic inventories across languages suggests that most languages have a more limited set of distinct sounds compared to English.
答案:
EC
2.RC
The political union between Norway and Sweden was a result of the Napoleonic wars and lasted until 1905when, after increasing problems with the viability of the union, the two countries formed independent nation states.
Comparing Swedish and Norwegian nation building makes it obvious that the two forms of nationalism were decisive for which groups were accepted as responsible members of the nation. The most conservative and aggressive Swedish nationalists were against incorporating all men in the nation through general suffrage. For them, women’s right to vote was not even on the agenda. The Swedish Socialists saw general male suffrage as one of their important goals, but did not care much about women’s suffrage.
Norwegian nationalists, on the contrary, whether they were conservative or liberal, for or against a military solution, had all accepted general male suffrage around the turn of the century. Some of the liberals even worked for women’s suffrage. The Norwegian Socialists won general male suffrage in 1898 and were positive to women’s suffrage, although male suffrage had been more important also to them.
At the turn of the century Japan was characterized by conservative and aggressive nationalism. If we move to the1920s and the early 1930s, we do, however, find a short period when moderately liberal nationalism had the upper hand. It seems no surprise that during that span of years women had better opportunities than before. Yet it was a short period that was silhouetted against the general impression of authoritarian Japanese regimes. The fact that from 1890 to 1945 Japanese women were legally prohibited from taking part in party politics, confirms the correlation between conservative nationalism and a negative attitude to feminist politics that we found in Sweden.
Indian nationalists put forth the argument that women had a special role as guardians of the old Hindu traditions, so important to the national movement. The ‘swadeshi’ movement, expressing its criticism of British sovereignty just after the turn of the century through boycott of British goods, recruited many women who worked hard to give priority to Indian products by organizing meetings and boycott activities. If we move into the interwar years, Gandhi’s ideas of femininity are easily translated into the difference strategy. Women should take part in the national struggle, but preferably in other ways than men. They were not welcome in the public protest marches, but all the more welcomed when they were seen busily producing Indian cotton cloth and wearing Indian costumes. Gandhi saw the goddess Sita, the faithful, se1f-sacrificing wife, as the ideal woman. He also found women especially well prepared for ‘satyagraha’, that is, nonviolent resistance.
In India, women’s organizations such as the All India Muslim Women’s Conference and the Women’s Indian Association, formed in 1914 and 1917 respectively, may be seen as examples of the equal rights strategy. The support given to limited women’s suffrage in some Indian provinces in the 1920s and for all India in 1935, as well as women’s active participation in Gandhi’s civil disobedience strategies, may testify to the existence of equal rights strategies in the formation of the Indian nation. So would the fact that – although Gandhi disapproved – many women took part in the big salt march of 1930 after Gandhi was arrested.
1. The passage suggests that the most conservative and aggressive Swedish nationalists' stance on women's suffrage was most likely influenced by their:
(A) belief in the importance of incorporating all men in the nation through general suffrage
(B) desire to maintain a traditional gender hierarchy within Swedish society
(C) fear that granting women the right to vote would undermine the nationalist cause
(D) perception that women were not capable of making informed political decisions
(E) concern that women's suffrage would lead to a dilution of conservative values in the political sphere
2. The author's discussion of the political union between Norway and Sweden and the differing forms of nationalism in the two countries serves to:
(A) highlight the complex interplay between nationalist ideologies and attitudes towards social and political reform
(B) demonstrate the inevitability of the union's dissolution given the divergent nationalist perspectives
(C) suggest that the viability of political unions is primarily determined by the compatibility of nationalist ideologies
(D) argue that the formation of independent nation states is the ultimate goal of all nationalist movements
(E) emphasize the role of international events, such as the Napoleonic wars, in shaping the trajectory of nationalist movements
3. The passage's characterization of the short period of moderately liberal nationalism in Japan in the 1920s and early 1930s implies that:
(A) the dominant trend in Japanese nationalism throughout the period from 1890 to 1945 was one of conservatism and authoritarianism
(B) the legal prohibition on women's participation in party politics was a direct result of the prevailing nationalist ideology
(C) the relationship between nationalism and attitudes towards women's rights is inherently unstable and subject to rapid change
(D) the relative improvement in women's opportunities during this period was a significant departure from the overall pattern of Japanese nationalism
(E) the emergence of moderately liberal nationalism in Japan was a direct response to the influence of Western feminist movements
4. The passage suggests that Gandhi's incorporation of the difference strategy in his vision of women's role in the Indian national movement was primarily motivated by his:
(A) belief in the inherent spiritual superiority of women and their capacity for self-sacrifice
(B) desire to appeal to traditional Hindu values as a means of mobilizing support for the nationalist cause
(C) recognition of the practical limitations on women's ability to participate in public protest marches
(D) concern that the equal rights strategy would alienate conservative elements within the nationalist movement
(E) conviction that women's contributions to the nationalist struggle were most effective when confined to the domestic sphere
5. The passage's discussion of the All India Muslim Women's Conference and the Women's Indian Association suggests that:
(A) the equal rights strategy was the dominant approach among women's organizations in India during the nationalist movement
(B) the formation of women's organizations in India was met with widespread disapproval from both conservative and liberal nationalists
(C) the presence of women's organizations in India had little impact on the overall direction of the nationalist movement
(D) the goals and strategies of women's organizations in India were often in conflict with those of the mainstream nationalist movement
(E) the emergence of women's organizations in India reflected a growing recognition of the importance of women's contributions to the nationalist cause
6. The author's characterization of Norwegian nationalism suggests that the acceptance of general male suffrage among Norwegian nationalists:
(A) was a reflection of the relative progressivism of Norwegian society compared to its Swedish counterpart
(B) was primarily driven by the efforts of Norwegian socialists and their prioritization of male suffrage over women's suffrage
(C) was a tactical concession made by conservative Norwegian nationalists to maintain the unity of the nationalist movement
(D) was a result of the influence of liberal Norwegian nationalists who also supported women's suffrage
(E) was a key factor in the ultimate success of the Norwegian nationalist movement in achieving independence from Sweden
7. The central argument of the passage is that:
(A) nationalism and feminism are fundamentally incompatible ideologies, and the success of one necessarily comes at the expense of the other
(B) the relationship between nationalism and attitudes towards women's rights is mediated by a complex interplay of historical, cultural, and political factors that vary across different contexts
(C) the equal rights strategy is inherently more effective than the difference strategy in advancing women's political participation and suffrage within nationalist movements
(D) conservative and aggressive forms of nationalism are universally detrimental to the cause of women's rights, while liberal and moderate forms of nationalism are consistently supportive of feminist goals
(E) the role of women in nationalist movements is primarily determined by the strategic calculations of male nationalist leaders, rather than by the agency and activism of women themselves
8. The passage's discussion of women's participation in the Indian national movement, including the 'swadeshi' movement, the salt march of 1930, and the formation of women's organizations, ultimately suggests that:
(A) women's contributions to the Indian nationalist struggle were marginal and had little impact on the overall trajectory of the movement
(B) the Indian nationalist movement was characterized by a consistent and unambiguous commitment to women's rights and gender equality
(C) the participation of women in the Indian nationalist movement was shaped by a complex interplay of the equal rights and difference strategies, as well as the competing visions of nationalist leaders such as Gandhi
(D) the Indian nationalist movement's attitudes towards women's rights were primarily influenced by the British colonial administration's policies and practices
(E) the success of the Indian nationalist movement in achieving independence was largely due to the active participation and leadership of women at all levels of the struggle
Answers:
1. (B)
2. (B)
3. (D)
4. (B)
5. (C)
6. (C)
7. (B)
8. (C)
3.
The Olympic Games, a quadrennial global spectacle that showcases the pinnacle of human athletic achievement, have captivated audiences for over a century. Since their modern revival in Athens in 1896, the Olympics have grown exponentially in size, scope, and complexity, evolving into a multifaceted event that encompasses sport, politics, economics, and culture. At the heart of this intricate web lies the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the supreme authority responsible for overseeing every facet of the Olympic Movement. From selecting host cities and managing the Olympic brand to negotiating lucrative broadcasting contracts and navigating geopolitical tensions, the IOC plays an indispensable role in shaping the trajectory of the world's most iconic sporting event.
For much of the IOC's history, its financial lifeblood has been the sale of broadcasting rights, particularly to television networks. In the United States, NBC has held a stranglehold on Olympic broadcasting since 1988, when it first secured the rights to the Summer Games in Seoul. The network's most recent contract, an unprecedented $7.75 billion deal inked in 2014, grants NBC exclusive U.S. media rights to all Olympic Games from 2021 through 2032. This staggering sum underscores the immense value and prestige of the Olympic brand, as well as the fierce competition among media conglomerates for the privilege of bringing the Games to American viewers.
However, the rapid proliferation of digital technologies and the concomitant rise of new media platforms have upended traditional broadcasting models and posed novel challenges to the IOC's long-standing revenue streams. In an era of smartphones, social media, and streaming services, consumers no longer rely solely on television to access Olympic content. During the 2016 Rio Games, viewers worldwide streamed over 3 billion minutes of Olympic coverage online, nearly double the volume of the 2012 London Olympics. Moreover, social media has become an inextricable part of the Olympic experience, with fans, athletes, and journalists alike using platforms like Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok to share real-time updates, behind-the-scenes glimpses, and viral moments from the Games. The 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang generated a staggering 1.87 billion tweets, underscoring the profound impact of digital media on the global Olympic conversation.
In response to these seismic shifts in media consumption habits, many news organizations have embraced a digital-first approach to Olympic coverage, investing heavily in online platforms, mobile apps, and social media engagement. From live blogs and interactive medal counts to 360-degree video and augmented reality experiences, journalists are leveraging cutting-edge technologies to deliver immersive, multifaceted coverage that caters to the evolving preferences of modern audiences. While these innovations have been widely celebrated by fans, the IOC has viewed them with increasing trepidation, perceiving them as a threat to the exclusivity and value of its official broadcasting partnerships.
Central to the IOC's concerns is the notion that by providing real-time updates, highlights, and analysis online, news outlets are undermining the very essence of the broadcasting rights that the IOC has sold at a premium. The IOC contends that the proliferation of unauthorized Olympic content on digital platforms dilutes the value proposition for its official broadcast partners, who have paid handsomely for the privilege of being the exclusive purveyors of Olympic programming in their respective markets. To safeguard its interests and preserve the integrity of its revenue model, the IOC has proposed a series of contentious measures, including requiring news organizations to sign restrictive licensing agreements dictating the terms and fees for publishing Olympic content online, as well as threatening to revoke the credentials of journalists who fail to comply with these stipulations.
Predictably, these proposals have been met with fierce resistance from media organizations and press freedom advocates, who argue that they constitute an egregious infringement on journalistic independence and the public's right to information. Critics contend that the Olympics, as an event of immense global significance and public interest, should be subject to robust, unfettered media scrutiny, without the imposition of arbitrary restrictions or financial burdens. They assert that the role of journalists is to provide comprehensive, timely, and unbiased coverage of the Games, and that any attempt to curtail these functions undermines the very principles of transparency, accountability, and free expression that the Olympic Movement purports to embody.
Moreover, media advocates argue that far from detracting from the Olympics' appeal, their digital-first coverage actually enhances the Games' reach, engagement, and impact. By providing fans with a wealth of complementary content across multiple platforms - from live blogs and social media updates to data visualizations and interactive features - news organizations are not only satisfying the demands of modern consumers but also expanding the Olympic audience and fostering a deeper connection between fans and the Games.
In an age where attention spans are short and competition for eyeballs is fierce, the ability to deliver compelling, multifaceted content across a range of devices and platforms is essential to capturing and retaining viewer interest. By leveraging the power of digital media to provide around-the-clock coverage, real-time updates, and immersive experiences, journalists are helping to create a more vibrant, engaging, and inclusive Olympic ecosystem that resonates with fans across the globe.
Furthermore, media advocates contend that their digital coverage serves as a powerful complement to, rather than a substitute for, traditional television broadcasts. By providing supplementary content that enhances and enriches the viewing experience - such as athlete profiles, historical features, and expert analysis - news organizations are adding value to the Olympic brand and helping to deepen fans' appreciation for the Games. In an era where cord-cutting and streaming services are becoming increasingly prevalent, this symbiotic relationship between digital and broadcast media is essential to ensuring the long-term relevance and sustainability of the Olympic Movement.
Beyond its commercial implications, the debate over digital media rights and press freedom at the Olympics also raises profound questions about the role of journalism in a democratic society. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and information flows across borders with unprecedented speed and ease, the ability of journalists to report freely and accurately on events of global significance has never been more critical. The Olympics, as a microcosm of the international community, provide a unique lens through which to examine issues of power, politics, and human rights, and the media's role in holding those in authority accountable.
Ultimately, the challenge facing the IOC and the media is to find a way to balance the competing imperatives of financial sustainability, journalistic integrity, and public access to information. While the IOC has a legitimate interest in protecting its intellectual property and ensuring the viability of its broadcasting model, it must also recognize the vital role that independent media play in promoting transparency, fostering public discourse, and upholding the values of the Olympic Movement. By working collaboratively with news organizations to develop a framework that respects both the commercial realities of the digital age and the fundamental principles of press freedom, the IOC can help to ensure that the Olympics remain a beacon of hope, unity, and inspiration for generations to come.
As the Olympic Movement navigates the complex and rapidly evolving landscape of the 21st century, it is clear that the role of digital media will only continue to grow in importance. From the rise of streaming platforms and social media to the emergence of new technologies like virtual and augmented reality, the ways in which fans consume and engage with Olympic content are constantly evolving. In this context, the ability of the IOC and its media partners to adapt, innovate, and collaborate will be essential to the long-term success and sustainability of the Games.
Ultimately, the Olympics are more than just a sporting event; they are a global platform for celebrating the human spirit, promoting international understanding, and showcasing the best of what humanity has to offer. By embracing the power of digital media to connect, inspire, and engage audiences around the world, the Olympic Movement has the opportunity to reinvent itself for a new era and to reaffirm its enduring relevance and impact in the hearts and minds of people everywhere. The path forward may be fraught with challenges and uncertainties, but with a commitment to transparency, collaboration, and innovation, the Olympics can continue to shine as a beacon of hope and unity for generations to come.
Questions:
1. According to media advocates, how does digital-first coverage enhance the Olympic experience for fans?
A. By providing a limited selection of highlights and updates
B. By focusing exclusively on the most popular sports and athletes
C. By offering a wealth of complementary content across multiple platforms
D. By replacing traditional television broadcasts altogether
2. The passage suggests that the relationship between digital and broadcast media in Olympic coverage is:
A. Competitive, with each vying for exclusive rights and audiences
B. Symbiotic, with digital coverage complementing and enhancing television broadcasts
C. Antagonistic, with broadcasters seeking to limit digital media's access to Olympic content
D. Irrelevant, as fans are no longer interested in television coverage of the Games
3. According to the passage, the debate over digital media rights and press freedom at the Olympics raises important questions about:
A. The role of journalism in holding those in power accountable
B. The impact of digital media on the commercial viability of the Olympics
C. The IOC's ability to control the dissemination of Olympic content
D. The future of traditional television broadcasting in the digital age
4. The passage suggests that to ensure the long-term success and sustainability of the Olympics, the IOC and media organizations must:
A. Restrict access to Olympic content to protect the value of broadcasting rights
B. Prioritize the interests of official broadcast partners over those of digital media outlets
C. Develop a collaborative framework that balances commercial realities with press freedom
D. Abandon the traditional broadcasting model in favor of an exclusively digital approach
5. The author's stance on the role of digital media in Olympic coverage can best be described as:
A. Skeptical, emphasizing the potential threats to the IOC's financial interests
B. Neutral, presenting a balanced view of the advantages and disadvantages
C. Supportive, advocating for the benefits of digital media in enhancing the Olympic experience
D. Dismissive, arguing that digital coverage is a passing trend with little long-term impact
6. The passage implies that the emergence of new technologies such as virtual and augmented reality:
A. Poses a significant threat to the traditional Olympic broadcasting model
B. Will have little impact on how fans consume and engage with Olympic content
C. Represents an opportunity for the Olympic Movement to reinvent itself for a new era
D. Is unlikely to be embraced by the IOC due to concerns over intellectual property rights
7. The author suggests that the Olympics serve as a microcosm of the international community, offering a unique perspective on:
A. The role of sports in fostering global unity and understanding
B. The challenges of adapting to technological change in the media landscape
C. Issues of power, politics, and human rights on a global scale
D. The importance of protecting intellectual property rights in the digital age
8. The passage concludes by emphasizing the Olympics' potential to:
A. Generate significant revenue for the IOC and its broadcast partners
B. Showcase the latest advances in digital media and broadcasting technology
C. Foster international cooperation and goodwill through athletic competition
D. Shine as a beacon of hope and unity for people around the world
9. The author's overall tone in discussing the future of the Olympic Movement can best be described as:
A. Pessimistic, emphasizing the insurmountable challenges posed by digital media
B. Optimistic, highlighting the potential for innovation and collaboration in the digital age
C. Indifferent, suggesting that the Olympics will remain largely unchanged despite technological advances
D. Resigned, acknowledging the inevitable decline of the Games in the face of digital disruption
10. The central theme of the passage is:
A. The history and evolution of the modern Olympic Games
B. The impact of digital media on traditional Olympic broadcasting models
C. The role of the IOC in managing the financial and logistical aspects of the Olympics
D. The importance of press freedom and journalistic integrity in covering global events
11. The passage mentions all of the following as ways in which news organizations are leveraging digital technologies to enhance Olympic coverage, EXCEPT:
A. Live blogs and real-time updates
B. Interactive medal counts and data visualizations
C. 360-degree video and augmented reality experiences
D. Exclusive interviews with athletes behind paywalls
12. The IOC's concern that digital media coverage undermines the value of official broadcasting rights stems from the belief that:
A. Digital platforms are unable to provide high-quality video coverage of Olympic events
B. News organizations are providing unauthorized access to live Olympic competitions
C. The proliferation of online content dilutes the exclusivity of official broadcast partnerships
D. Journalists are using digital media to spread misinformation about the Olympics
13. Media advocates argue that restricting press access to the Olympics would:
A. Protect the intellectual property rights of the IOC and its broadcast partners
B. Ensure that fans receive only the highest quality coverage of the Games
C. Undermine the principles of transparency, accountability, and free expression
D. Enhance the commercial viability of the Olympic Movement in the long run
14. The passage suggests that the Olympic Movement's ability to navigate the challenges of the digital age will require:
A. A complete abandonment of traditional broadcasting models in favor of digital platforms
B. Strict enforcement of intellectual property rights and control over Olympic content
C. Collaboration, innovation, and a commitment to the fundamental values of the Olympics
D. Prioritizing the interests of official broadcast partners over those of digital media outlets
15. The author's perspective on the future of the Olympic Movement in the digital age can be best summarized as:
A. Hopeful, emphasizing the potential for digital media to connect and inspire audiences worldwide
B. Skeptical, predicting the inevitable decline of the Olympics in the face of technological disruption
C. Neutral, acknowledging both the challenges and opportunities presented by digital media
D. Pessimistic, suggesting that the IOC is unlikely to adapt to the changing media landscape
Answers:
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. B
11. D
12. C
13. C
14. C
15. A
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发表于 2024-6-18 08:03:53
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