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之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新
RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源：本月中文JJ改编
IR题源： 往届鸡精改编
打卡内容：
一周打卡五篇，科目不限。
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打卡内容建议：
阅读：写文章结构、笔记
逻辑：写逻辑链分析
IR：写做题思路和选项分析
【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
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1 .CR
1. A renowned shampoo company, Company A, designed a triangular bottle with a gold label for its product. Another prestigious shampoo company, Company B, designed a similar triangular bottle, but with a black and white label. Despite the similarity, Company A did not file a lawsuit against Company B for infringement. Which of the following best supports the reason Company A did not pursue legal action?
A) Customers easily distinguish between the two products due to the color difference in the labels.
B) Company A's product is significantly more expensive than Company B's product.
C) Company A relies on the same retail chains as Company B to sell its shampoo.
D) Company A also produces other shampoos in different bottle shapes and labels.
E) The law does not protect against this type of design similarity in packaging.
2. A company, aiming to reduce medical insurance costs, introduces a weight loss incentive program for its employees, rewarding them based on the amount of weight lost. However, there are concerns that this program might create a negative incentive, as employees might intentionally gain weight first to then lose it for a greater reward.
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument that the company's weight loss incentive program will lead to negative outcomes?
A. The program includes regular health check-ups to monitor the overall well-being of the participants.
B. The standard for measuring healthy weight will not change significantly in the coming years.
C. Employees believe they can lose any extra weight gained for the purpose of the program.
D. The cost of gaining and then losing weight is not less than the benefits gained from the program.
E. The company has a policy of penalizing employees who are found to be intentionally gaining weight.
3. Xiao Bai Zhan Ji and Da Zhu Ti Zi are two highly creative chefs known for their unique flavors. Xiao Bai Zhan Ji created a signature spicy chicken wing dish, while Da Zhu Ti Zi introduced a similar spicy chicken wing dish with a hint of sweetness. Despite the similarity in the spiciness of the chicken wings, Xiao Bai Zhan Ji did not raise any concerns towards Da Zhu Ti Zi. Which of the following best explains why Xiao Bai Zhan Ji did not raise any concerns?
A) Due to the subtle differences in flavor, customers can easily distinguish between the two chicken wing dishes.
B) Xiao Bai Zhan Ji's spicy chicken wings are much more expensive than Da Zhu Ti Zi's.
C) Xiao Bai Zhan Ji and Da Zhu Ti Zi sell their spicy chicken wings in the same food court.
D) Xiao Bai Zhan Ji also creates dishes with other flavors.
E) In culinary creation, this type of similarity in flavor is not protected by law.
4. Xiao Bai Zhan Ji, renowned for his creative ventures, introduces a unique perfume named "Coconut Sandalwood". This fragrance, with its innovative combination of citrus, coconut milk, and sandalwood, quickly captures the hearts of consumers. It not only becomes a personal favorite for many but also influences the fragrance industry with its unique blend. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument that "Coconut Sandalwood" will continue to be highly popular and set trends in the fragrance industry?
A) "Coconut Sandalwood" is created after extensive research into the emotional and psychological effects of its core scent components, which have been shown to induce relaxation and positivity.
B) Several influential figures in the fashion and beauty industry have endorsed "Coconut Sandalwood", praising its innovative scent profile.
C) The "Coconut Sandalwood" bottles are designed by renowned artists, combining environmental sustainability with artistic elegance, appealing to a wide audience.
D) Xiao Bai Zhan Ji has plans to partner with exotic botanical gardens for the sustainable sourcing of rare ingredients, adding an exclusive aspect to the fragrance.
E) Customer surveys reveal a high level of satisfaction with "Coconut Sandalwood", noting its lasting scent and the uniqueness of the fragrance blend, leading to high repeat purchase rates.
答案:
AEAE
大猪蹄子和小白斩鸡
During the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BCE), China was divided into several rival states vying for supremacy. The state of Qi, located in present-day Shandong province, was one of the most powerful contenders. Under the leadership of Duke Huan of Qi, who reigned from 685-643 BCE, Qi underwent significant reforms and rose to become a dominant force.
Duke Huan appointed the philosopher Guan Zhong as his prime minister. Guan Zhong introduced several groundbreaking policies that strengthened Qi economically and militarily. He established a system of taxation based on land ownership, which provided a stable source of revenue for the state. Guan Zhong also implemented agricultural reforms, such as the use of iron tools and oxen for plowing, which increased crop yields.
Furthermore, Guan Zhong recognized the importance of commerce and encouraged the development of markets and trade. He standardized weights and measures throughout Qi, making it easier for merchants to conduct business. Qi's strategic location along the coast facilitated maritime trade, and Guan Zhong established Qi's first standing navy to protect merchant ships from piracy.
Militarily, Guan Zhong modernized Qi's army by introducing new weaponry, such as crossbows and cavalry units. He also emphasized the importance of discipline and training. Qi's formidable military allowed it to expand its territory and influence. At the height of its power, Qi had a population of over 730,000 households.
However, Qi's dominance was challenged by the state of Jin, located in present-day Shanxi province. Duke Wen of Jin, who reigned from 636-628 BCE, launched an invasion of Qi in 632 BCE. Although Qi had a larger army, Jin's forces were better trained and equipped. Guan Zhong advised Duke Huan to avoid direct confrontation and instead employ a defensive strategy, using Qi's walled cities and natural barriers to its advantage.
The war between Qi and Jin lasted for several years without a clear victor. In 630 BCE, representatives from Qi and Jin met to negotiate an end to the conflict. A compromise was reached in which Jin withdrew its forces in exchange for Qi ceding some disputed border territories. Following the resolution of the war, Qi shifted its focus to diplomacy and formed alliances with other states to counter Jin's influence.
Duke Huan's reign and Guan Zhong's reforms laid the foundation for Qi's continued prominence during the Spring and Autumn period. Qi's economic prosperity, military strength, and diplomatic ties allowed it to maintain its status as a major power. The rivalry between Qi and Jin, two of the most powerful states of the era, had a significant impact on the balance of power in ancient China.
Questions:
1. Which of the following was NOT a reform implemented by Guan Zhong during Duke Huan's reign?
A. Establishment of a taxation system based on land ownership
B. Introduction of iron tools and oxen for agriculture
C. Standardization of weights and measures to facilitate trade
D. Creation of a system of government-run schools
2. The passage suggests that Qi's strategic location along the coast allowed it to:
A. establish a powerful standing army
B. engage in maritime trade
C. form alliances with other coastal states
D. invade neighboring states by sea
3. According to the passage, which state challenged Qi's dominance during the Spring and Autumn period?
A. Qin
B. Chu
C. Yan
D. Jin
4. Based on the information provided, which of the following best describes the outcome of the war between Qi and Jin?
A. Qi emerged victorious and annexed Jin's territory
B. Jin decisively defeated Qi and ended its dominance
C. The war ended in a stalemate with a compromise settlement
D. Qi surrendered to Jin and became its vassal state
5. The passage indicates that Guan Zhong advised Duke Huan to employ which strategy during the war with Jin?
A. Launch a preemptive strike against Jin's forces
B. Engage Jin's army in a large-scale pitched battle
C. Adopt a defensive posture using Qi's fortifications and natural barriers
D. Seek military assistance from Qi's allies
6. According to the passage, which of the following was a factor in Jin's military success against Qi?
A. Superior numbers and resources
B. Advanced weaponry and tactics
C. Support from other rival states
D. Better training and equipment of its forces
7. The passage suggests that after the war with Jin, Qi:
A. focused on expanding its territory through conquest
B. experienced a period of economic decline and instability
C. engaged in diplomatic efforts and alliances to counter Jin
D. underwent further military reforms to strengthen its army
8. Based on the information provided, it can be inferred that Duke Huan's reign and Guan Zhong's reforms:
A. had little impact on Qi's long-term prosperity and power
B. were the sole factors in Qi's ability to resist Jin's invasion
C. contributed significantly to Qi's status as a major power
D. were ultimately unsuccessful in maintaining Qi's dominance
9. The population figure of 730,000 households in Qi is used in the passage to illustrate:
A. the effectiveness of Guan Zhong's agricultural reforms
B. Qi's military superiority over rival states
C. the extent of Qi's power and influence at its peak
D. the impact of the war with Jin on Qi's population
10. The compromise reached between Qi and Jin in 630 BCE involved:
A. Jin withdrawing its forces in exchange for Qi ceding some border territories
B. Qi paying tribute to Jin in exchange for peace
C. Jin and Qi agreeing to a mutual defense pact against other states
D. Qi and Jin dividing the disputed territories equally
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. A
3. RC
The mortgage interest income tax deduction, a long-standing feature of the U.S. tax code, ostensibly aims to promote homeownership and its associated positive externalities, such as reduced crime rates and enhanced community cohesion. However, a closer examination reveals that this deduction disproportionately benefits the affluent while creating perverse incentives and market distortions that ultimately prove detrimental to the nation's economic well-being.
One of the most glaring issues with the mortgage interest tax deduction is its inherent bias towards high-income earners. Since the deduction is applied directly to one's income, those with higher incomes stand to gain the most. The poorest segments of society, unable to afford home purchases, derive no benefit from this policy. Even among homeowners, the advantages are skewed, with wealthy individuals enjoying substantial tax breaks on the interest paid on their luxurious "McMansion" mortgages, while lower-income households receive minimal relief due to their lower income tax liabilities.
Furthermore, the deduction creates perverse incentives by encouraging high-income earners to purchase increasingly expensive homes and take on larger mortgages, as they are essentially subsidized to do so. This not only exacerbates income inequality but also contributes to the artificially inflated housing prices and the proliferation of "McMansions" that have become emblematic of the U.S. housing market's excesses.
A more rational approach would be to replace the mortgage interest tax deduction with a Housing Tax Credit. This cost-neutral solution would entail calculating the average cost per family under the current deduction and redistributing that amount as a standardized tax credit to any individual or family seeking to purchase a home. By providing a uniform nominal incentive regardless of income level, this policy would offer greater motivation for lower-income families to pursue homeownership while reducing taxpayer subsidies for the wealthy's extravagant mansion purchases. Moreover, by stimulating homeownership among lower-income households, this strategy could potentially aid in the recovery from the ongoing housing crisis.
As the nation grapples with the challenges posed by the current housing market and the inequities perpetuated by the tax code, it is imperative that the next administration demonstrates the foresight and political will to address these issues head-on. Reforming the mortgage interest income tax deduction and implementing a more equitable and efficient Housing Tax Credit would be a significant step towards creating a fairer, more sustainable housing market and a more prosperous future for all Americans.
1. The primary purpose of this passage is to:
(A) Advocate for the replacement of the mortgage interest tax deduction with a Housing Tax Credit.
(B) Explain how the mortgage interest tax deduction benefits high-income earners disproportionately.
(C) Argue that the mortgage interest tax deduction is a misguided policy that exacerbates income inequality and creates market distortions.
(D) Describe the positive externalities associated with homeownership, such as reduced crime rates and enhanced community cohesion.
(E) Discuss the challenges posed by the current housing market and the inequities perpetuated by the tax code.
2:According to the passage, which of the following statements about the mortgage interest tax deduction is true?
(A) It provides equal benefits to all homeowners, regardless of their income level.
(B) It encourages high-income earners to purchase increasingly expensive homes and take on larger mortgages.
(C) It contributes to the recovery from the ongoing housing crisis by stimulating homeownership among lower-income households.
(D) It is a cost-neutral solution that redistributes the average cost per family as a standardized tax credit.
(E) It effectively promotes homeownership and its associated positive externalities, such as reduced crime rates and enhanced community cohesion.
3. The author suggests that the mortgage interest tax deduction is inherently biased towards high-income earners because:
(A) The deduction is applied directly to one's income, so those with higher incomes benefit the most.
(B) Wealthy individuals can afford to purchase luxurious "McMansions" and claim substantial tax breaks on the interest paid.
(C) Lower-income households receive minimal relief due to their lower income tax liabilities.
(D) The poorest segments of society are unable to afford home purchases and thus derive no benefit from this policy.
(E) All of the above.
4. The passage suggests that the proliferation of "McMansions" in the U.S. housing market is a result of:
(A) The inherent bias of the mortgage interest tax deduction towards high-income earners.
(B) The perverse incentives created by the deduction, encouraging the purchase of increasingly expensive homes.
(C) The artificially inflated housing prices caused by the deduction.
(D) The excesses of the U.S. housing market.
(E) All of the above.
5:The author proposes replacing the mortgage interest tax deduction with a Housing Tax Credit in order to:
(A) Provide a uniform nominal incentive for homeownership regardless of income level.
(B) Reduce taxpayer subsidies for the wealthy's extravagant mansion purchases.
(C) Stimulate homeownership among lower-income households.
(D) Aid in the recovery from the ongoing housing crisis.
(E) All of the above.
6:The passage implies that the current housing market in the United States is characterized by:
(A) Artificially inflated housing prices.
(B) Proliferation of "McMansions."
(C) Excesses and inequities.
(D) Ongoing crisis.
(E) All of the above.
7:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of implementing a Housing Tax Credit?
(A) Encouraging lower-income families to pursue homeownership.
(B) Creating a fairer and more sustainable housing market.
(C) Promoting a more prosperous future for all Americans.
(D) Enhancing community cohesion and reducing crime rates.
(E) Reducing taxpayer subsidies for the wealthy's extravagant mansion purchases.
8:The author's tone in the passage can best be described as:
(A) Neutral and objective.
(B) Sarcastic and humorous.
(C) Passionate and advocative.
(D) Critical and persuasive.
(E) Nostalgic and sentimental.
正确答案:C
解析:本文主要论述了抵押贷款利息税收抵免政策的缺陷,认为它加剧了收入不平等,并扭曲了市场。文章虽然提到了替代方案Housing Tax Credit,但这不是文章的主旨,而是用来支持作者观点的论据。因此,选项C最能概括文章的中心思想。
正确答案:B
解析:文章第三段明确指出,抵押贷款利息税收抵免政策鼓励高收入者购买越来越昂贵的房屋,并承担更大的抵押贷款。选项B直接来自于文章内容。
正确答案:E
解析:文章第二段讨论了抵押贷款利息税收抵免政策对高收入者的偏向,提到了选项A、B、C、D中的所有原因。因此,正确答案是选项E。
正确答案:E
解析:文章第三段提到,抵押贷款利息税收抵免政策鼓励高收入者购买昂贵的房屋,导致了"McMansions"的激增,这与美国住房市场的过度有关。文章还暗示,该政策导致了房价的人为抬高。因此,选项A、B、C、D都是"McMansions"激增的原因,正确答案是选项E。
正确答案:E
解析:文章第四段提出了用Housing Tax Credit替代抵押贷款利息税收抵免政策,目的是提供统一的名义激励措施,减少对富人购买豪宅的纳税人补贴,刺激低收入家庭的房屋拥有率,并帮助从当前的住房危机中复苏。因此,选项A、B、C、D都是作者提出替代方案的原因,正确答案是选项E。
正确答案:E
解析:文章多处暗示了美国当前住房市场的特点,包括房价被人为抬高(第三段)、"McMansions"的激增(第三段)、过度和不平等(第三段和第五段)以及持续的危机(第四段和第五段)。因此,选项A、B、C、D都是美国当前住房市场的特点,正确答案是选项E。
正确答案: D
解析:文章第四段和第五段讨论了实施Housing Tax Credit的潜在好处,包括鼓励低收入家庭购房(选项A)、创造更公平和可持续的住房市场(选项B)、促进所有美国人更繁荣的未来(选项C)以及减少对富人购买豪宅的纳税人补贴(选项E)。然而,文章并未提及Housing Tax Credit会增强社区凝聚力和降低犯罪率(选项D)。因此,选项D是唯一未在文章中作为Housing Tax Credit潜在好处提及的选项,正确答案是选项D。
正确答案: D
解析:通过分析作者的语言和论证方式,可以看出作者对抵押贷款利息税收抵免政策持批评态度,并试图说服读者支持用Housing Tax Credit替代现有政策。因此,作者的语气可以最佳地描述为批判性和有说服力的,正确答案是选项D。
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发表于 2024-4-4 10:47:45
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