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[阅读小分队] 揽瓜阁做题小分队 第43天 婴儿实验

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发表于 2021-5-12 13:21:23 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
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1. 文章大概结构
2. 自己写的答案

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In the first of two experiments designed by Trehub to study infants’ response to music, a researcher engaged the attention of a baby in a soundproof booth by waving a fluffy toy in the baby’s face while an audio speaker in the booth repeatedly played a short tune. The sequence of notes in the tune were arranged on the Western major scale. All of the babies appeared to be indifferent to the music as long as it conformed to this sequence. However, whenever an anomalous note—one that does not belong in the scale—intruded on the recording, the babies invariably turned their heads toward the speaker.

This result may seem to some people to suggest simply that infants raised in the Western world learn from birth on to recognize the notes common to Western music. However, in a second experiment, the audio speaker played a different kind of tune: while this tune had an inherently musical structure, it was built on a scale that is unfamiliar to Westerners. Nevertheless, when an anomalous note intruded on the recording, the babies reacted in the same way that they had in the first experiment. This suggests that the basis for babies’ abilities to recognize and respond to music is not learned, but is, in fact, biological.




1.The passage suggests that Trehub’s second experiment was intended to answer which of the following questions that was left unanswered by the results of the first experiment?
A. Do infants need a particular number of repetitions to be able to recognize a given note pattern?
B. Do infants have an entirely emotional innate response to music?
C. Are infants inherently more attracted to visual stimuli than they are to aural stimuli?
D. Do infants prefer major scale patterns to other types of scale patterns?
E. Are infants able to recognize only those scale patterns that they have heard since birth?


2.Which of the following is an experimental condition that the passage mentions as not being the same in Trehub’s two experiments?
A. The scale underlying the tune played to the infants
B. The frequency with which anomalous notes were introduced
C. The length of the tune played to the infants
D. The number of times the tune played to the infants was repeated
E. The age of the infants participating in the study


3.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. support a conclusion about the value of a particular approach to the study of infants’ response to music
B. evaluate the relative effectiveness of two experiments designed to study infants’ response to music
C. describe two experiments that present conflicting evidence about infants’ response to music
D. discuss certain differences in the ways that infants respond to Western and nonWestern music
E. provide evidence in support of the position that infants’ response to music is innate


参考答案:
EAE



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沙发
发表于 2021-5-12 17:35:54 | 只看该作者
EAE
板凳
发表于 2021-5-12 20:02:32 | 只看该作者
同意!               
地板
发表于 2021-5-12 22:29:45 | 只看该作者
看一下!               
5#
发表于 2021-5-13 01:14:34 | 只看该作者
EAE
6#
发表于 2021-5-13 06:02:21 | 只看该作者
EBC
7#
发表于 2021-5-13 06:27:53 | 只看该作者
在Trehub设计的两个研究婴儿对音乐的感应实验中的第一个实验里,一个研究者在隔音的亭子里对着一个婴儿的脸上摇晃毛茸茸的玩具,同时在这个亭子里有一个音响喇叭重复演奏一个短乐曲。这个乐曲中音符的顺序是按照西方主要音阶上排列的。只要这个乐曲的音符保持一致,所有的婴儿都对它有不同的表现。然而,当有一个不规则的音符-一个不属于音阶里的-侵入到录音里,婴儿们总会把他们的头偏向这个扬声器。

这个结果也许会给一些人带来简单的启发,就是那些婴儿们是在西方世界从出生就开始学习认知西方音乐常识音符的。然而,在第二个实验里,这个扬声器演奏了一个不同的乐曲:当这个乐曲有一个固定的音乐构架,它是建立在一个西方人不熟悉的规模上。尽管如此,当一个不规则的音符侵入到录音里,这些婴儿们也会有在第一个实验里一样的反应。这个启发是婴儿们对音乐的认知和回应的原理不是学习,而是,事实上,生理上的。

8#
发表于 2021-5-13 07:55:36 发自 iPhone | 只看该作者
EAE
9#
发表于 2021-5-13 09:39:21 | 只看该作者
BAE
10#
发表于 2021-5-13 12:00:26 | 只看该作者
1.        文章大概结构
一个实验表明,婴儿在听到西方主流音乐被干扰的时候会产生反应,因此婴儿可能能够识别对成长环境中的音乐。但是另一个实验表明,这些婴儿对非西方的音乐产生的反应类似,因此这一能力是天生的

2.        答案
eae
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