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地板
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发表于 2014-9-14 20:19:00
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下面我们来举例OG13中的实例来进一步理解~Ving~
Per.35#
By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records,and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to beof dangerously experimental design.
(B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were
这里我们理解的重点是Ving modifier 所以暂且搁置OA,我们来看这里earning为什么不对。看看og的解释:”Here,the word earning takes the pilots herself,not the records,as its subject。However,earning is closed to the records,not the JC.。“
解释到此你可能还在疑惑why not?为什么不可以去修饰JC本身?貌似也说的通啊?是的。我们来从逻辑上理解一下。看看句子都说了什么1。 JC HELD records。2 Earn at s time (blah blah) 这里先不管语法我们且看逻辑语义。
这里用ving可不可以?
还记得Comma +ving在句子后有两个功能么?(参考本帖的2#楼)两个语法功能1——伴随动作,与主句V动同时发生(请参考OG13th 29#):2-----伴随结果,主句带来的a result/a consequencee/a single aspect/a explanation./这里试用于a explanation。~~~~~所以说OG的解释有时候也不是最好的,这个题A选项最大问题在后面的结构so new for many of the planes she flew to be
这个结构是错误的,但是V-ing modifier是justified
引用来自M forum instructor的guide~~加深理解
记不得哪个帖子挖出来的,应该是RON对V-ING的讲解,里面提到了两个必须都满足。
the"comma + ing" modifier should only be used when:
(A)
itMODIFIES THE ENTIRE ACTION of the preceding clause, and it APPLIES TO THESUBJECT of that clause;
AND
(B)
oneof the following is true:
(1)the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the mainaction;
-i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly
(2)the "ing" action is a DIRECTAND IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE of the mainaction.
-i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91
--
sinceCOMMA + -ING clauses are automatically attributed to the SUBJECT of thepreceding clause, this modifies the moon.
asit clearly should, in context.
alsonote that it applies not only to that subject, but to the entire action of thatclause (this is what makes it "adverbial").
two problems with that choice:
1) when you use a COMMA -ING modifier after a clause**, you should actuallysatisfy TWO requirements:
-- the modifier should modify theaction of the preceding clause, as you have stated;
AND
-- the subject of the preceding clause should alsomake sense as the agent of the-ING action.
examples:
Joe broke the window, angering his father. -->this sentence makes sense,because it correctly implies that Joe "angeredhis father".
thewindow was broken byJoe, angering his father.-->this sentence doesn't make sense, because it implies that the window(i.e., notJoe himself) angered Joe's father.
my brothertricked me, disappointing Dad -->implies that dad is disappointed in my brother for tricking me (and notnecessarily disappointed in me for being tricked).
I was trickedby my brother, disappointing Dad -->implies that dad is disappointed in me because i fell for my brother's trick(and not that he's disappointed in my brother for tricking me).
未完~~
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