GWD -29- Q27 逻辑好点的 朋友帮忙分析分析

以下是引用NANA2016在2007-7-4 13:52:00的发言：
那我了啊

这么说,没有特别的解题技巧了哇?

全部有原因的话,都需要去分析到底是什么他因造成的吗?

也不是唯一的方法。还有其他原因啊，比如分析是不是因果倒置什么的。别晕别晕。。我看看能不能找道题~~~

LZ是四川人挖？

work with MBTE, an ingredient currently used

in some smog-reducing gasolines, found an

alarming incidence of complaints about

headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

Since gasoline containing MBTE will soon be

widely used, we can expect an increased

incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness

of breath.

Each of the following, if true, strengthens the

toxicologist’s argument EXCEPT:

(A) Most oil-refinery workers who do not work with

MBTE do not have serious health problems

involving headaches, fatigue, and shortness

of breath.

(B) Headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath are

among the symptoms of several medical

conditions that are potentially serious threats

to public health.

(C) Since the time when gasoline containing

MBTE was first introduced in a few

metropolitan areas, those areas reported an

increase in the number of complaints about

headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

(D) Regions in which only gasoline containing

MBTE is used have a much greater incidence

of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath

than do similar regions in which only MBTEfree

gasoline is used.

(E) The oil-refinery workers surveyed were

carefully selected to be representative of the

broader population in their medical histories

prior to exposure to MBTE, as well as in

other relevant respects.

Step one: 分析argument的结构：

Premise: an ingredient currently used

in some smog-reducing gasolines, found an

alarming incidence

Conclusion: Since gasoline containing MBTE will soon be

widely used, we can expect an increased

incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness

of breath.

我们看到premise只是一个简单的事情，并没有causal relationship但是conclusion 有causal relationship（明显的提示词：since）,即：

gasoline containing MBTE will soon be widely used (cause) ---à an increased incidence of headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath is expected (effect)

（所以你看看咯，一般结论都是有因有果的reasoning）

Step two:看题干：

Each of the following, if true, strengthens the toxicologist’s argument EXCEPT:

题干说明了：有4个选项是
            加强的，有一个没有加强：

Step three,分析answers:

A．  就是无因无果的加强

B．  这些疾病的严重性和题目没有什么关系，所以没有加强

C．  这个是有因有果的加强

D．  也是有因有果的加强

E．  说的是样本有代表性，所以也加强。

由此可见，conclusion是可以由一个causal reasoning组成的，而且也不是没有原因只有结果。这也是大多数加强/削弱题型的代表argument。然后呢，方法也不是只有排除他因一种办法，还有以上那么多的方法。

嗯嗯，不晓得说清楚了没有。