[揽瓜阁精读] 149. Nationalism and Feminism

emmafaith · 发表于 2023-10-9 16:59:18

at the turn of the century 在世纪之交（本世纪初、上世纪末）
Napoleon 拿破仑
put forth 提出（观点、看法、主张）

P1:
-挪威和瑞士的政治联盟是在拿破仑战争之后建立的，直到1905年，联盟出现了很多问题，挪威和瑞士才各自建国；

P2:
-比较挪威和瑞士建国的不同，可以很清楚的两种不同的国家主义nationalism决定了不同的人群类别可以被接受为responsible members of the nation；
-【瑞士】保守派的瑞典nationalist甚至都不同意让所有的男性有选举权，对他们来说，女性根本就不在考虑的范围内；
-瑞典把普遍的男性选举权当作重要的目标，但是也不关心女性的选举权；

P3:
-【挪威】挪威的nationalist，无论是保守派还是自由派，无论是否支持军事解决方案，在20世纪之交，都接受了普遍的男性选举权；一些自由派的人甚至还worked for女性选举权；
-挪威在1898年达成了男性普遍选举权，并且对女性选举权也保持积极态度，虽然男性的选举权还是比女性的更为重要；

P4:
-【日本】在20世纪初，日本主要是保守激进nationalism，但是1920-20s有一个很短的时期是被自由派主导的；在这段时期内，女性的相比之前有更好的机会；虽然这个时期刻画了一个和普遍印象中权利专制的日本相反的社会，但是这仅仅是一个很短的时期；事实上，1890-1945年，女性在法律上被禁止参与政党活动；
-【结论】日本的事实，证实了瑞典的例子：保守的nationalism和negative的女性政治权利之间有相关性；

P5:
-【印度】印度nationalist认为女性对老的印度传统的守卫有特殊的作用，对国家运动也很重要；“swadeshi”运动——20世纪初通过抵制英国货品反对英国统治的运动——雇佣了很多女性来组织会议和抗议活动，以促进印度本土的商品；
-内战时期，Gandhi对于女权的思想可以用差异策略来诠释：女性可以参加国家实践，但是和男性参与的方式和内容不同——女性不能参加公开的游行示威，但是可以在幕后生产棉花、穿印度服装来帮助；
-Gandhi认为女神Sita——忠诚的、自我牺牲式的妻子——是理想的女性；Gandhi也发现女性通常容易进行非暴力的反抗活动；

P6:印度独立建国时期，存在男女同权
-在印度，1914和1917年成立了两个女性组织，被看作是男女同权的例子；
-1920s，印度某些省份开始给予女性选举权的支持，1935年，全国都支持女性选举权，女性也积极参与到 Gandhi‘s civil disobedience strategy（印度反英斗争：非暴力、不合作），这些都是印度独立运动中男女同权的很好的证明；
-在Gandhi被捕后，很多女性也参加了1930年的big salt march（虽然Gandhi不承认），同样也证明了印度的男女同权的存在；

Fox的Dream · 发表于 2023-10-10 23:05:01

149. Nationalism and Feminism
P1 - The union between Norway and Sweden ended in 1905s and 2 independent nation states were formed.
P2 - Two forms of nationalism were decisive for which groups were accepted as responsible members of the nation.
   Swedish conservative nationalists: against all men in the nation, against women's vote right.
   S. socialists, general male suffrage as important goals, don't care about women's suffrage.
P3 - Norwagian nationalists: all accepted general male suffrage, some even support women's.
P4 - Japan -1920s to 1930s, women had better opportunities.
   Yet it was short, from 1890 to 1945, Japan women were legally prohibited from politics participation. Similar as Swedish conservative nationlism.
P5 - Indian has the concern from Hindu traditions about women's role. They criticize the British recruiting women.
   Gandhi's ideas as examples.
P6 - Indian women's activities:
   1/ form AIMWC, WIA for equal rights.
   2/ Women's suffrage in some Indian provinces in the 1920s and for all India in 1935.
   3/ participation in Gandhi's civil disobedience.
   and etc.

0273849163284 · 发表于 2023-10-22 15:12:37

1. N+S union:
-the result of N wars
-1905: problem of viability, independent
2. forms of nationalism decisive for group accepted
-conservative + aggressive S nationalism:against al men suffrage + no women right to vote
-S socialists: male suffrage important+ no care women's
-N nationalism: all accepted male suffrage+liberal worked for women's
-N socialists:1989 won male suffrage+ positive to women suffrage
3.Janpan: 1920s-1930s: conservative+aggresive nationalism
-however, liberal: women better opportunies.Yet silhouetted against regimes
-1890-1945:Japan women legally prohibited politics
-conservative nationalism+ negative attitude to feminist politics
4.Indian nationalists: women guardians of tradition, important to national movement
-S movement:
-interwar years- Gandhi
-women take part in national struggle: preferably: producing cloths+costumes
-non-violent resistance
5. India :
-1914-1917: women's org: examples of equal rights strategy
-1920s-1935: support to women suffrage, disobedience strategy
-women take part in big salt march 1930s

哎惢嘶 · 发表于 2023-10-28 20:14:46

挪威，瑞典，日本，印度，社会读女性权利的议题重视程度不一样。瑞典很保守，男性主导社会讨论，不在意女性选举权。挪威比较好，无论自由和保守都比较认同所有公民的权利，甚至会支持女性选举权。
P1 Norway Sweden history
- Union>>independent
P2 Comparing 2 forms of nationalism
- Swedish: most conservative and aggressive
○ against incorporating all men / general suffrage
○ Women vote right not on agenda
○ General male suffrage--goal
- Norwegian:
○ All accept general male suffrage
○ Some for women's suffrage
○ Male still > women
P3 Japan
- 1920 Short period: moderately liberal
○ Women better opportunities
- 1890-1945
○ Legally prohibited from politics
○ Negative attitude to feminist politics like Sweden
P4 India
- Women participated in national movement but in non-violent ways
○ Boycott of British goods
○ Gandhi: feminist in different strategy
○ Not public protest. >>produce Indian cloth and wearing Indian costumes
○ Nonviolent resistance
- Women's org--samples of equal right strategy
- Existence of equal rights strategies in Indian nation
- Also took part in the big salt march

[揽瓜阁精读] 149. Nationalism and Feminism

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