help, OG-27-164,165

cdg2004

OG-27, P4,

Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in verte-

brates, but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively

breeding vertebrates (except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus)

(35) are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female.

集体脯乳在脊椎动物中已经进化很多次，不象裸岩鼠，大多数集体脯乳的脊椎动物（除wild dog以外）是由一对饲养者而非一个饲养雌性主宰。

推论：

大多数脊椎动物--一对饲养者

裸岩鼠--一个饲养雌性主宰

wild dog--一个饲养雌性主宰----?

164. The passage supports which of the following inferences

about breeding among Lycaon pictus?

(A) The largest female in the social group does

not maintain reproductive status by means of

behavioral control.

(B) An individual’s ability to breed is related primarily

to its rate of growth.

(C) Breeding is the only task performed by the breeding

female.

(D) Breeding in the social group is not cooperative.

(E) Breeding is not dominated by a single pair of dogs.---如果说上面的推理成立，即

wild dog--一个饲养雌性主宰，E应该不成立的。

另外，如何解释D?

165. According to the passage, naked mole rat colonies may differ from all other known vertebrate groups in which

of the following ways?

(A) Naked mole rats exhibit an extreme form of altruism.

(B) Naked mole rats are cooperative breeders.

(C) Among naked mole rats, many males are permitted to breed with a single dominant female.

(D) Among naked mole rats, different tasks are performed at different times in an individual’s life.

(E) Among naked mole rats, fighting results in the selection of a breeding female.

OG地解释是：n.m.r are not the only vertebrates having a single breeding female. 是否可以理解wild dog 也是having a single breeding female? 如果这样，不适与164提醒矛盾了吗？

xealot

(E) Breeding is not dominated by a single pair of dogs.---如果说上面的推理成立，即wild dog--一个饲养雌性主宰，E应该不成立的。

既然大多数集体脯乳的脊椎动物（除wild dog以外）是由一对饲养者而非一个饲养雌性主宰，那么wild dog 就不是由一对饲养者dominate

另外，如何解释D?

(D) Breeding in the social group is not cooperative.

解释：...在社会组织中，breeding不是合作的。

OG地解释是：n.m.r are not the only vertebrates having a single breeding female. 是否可以理解wild dog 也是having a single breeding female? 如果这样，不适与164提醒矛盾了吗？

偶觉得wild dogs cannot be characterized by the one-single-breeding-femalepatern, even given the assertion that N.M.R are not the onlyvertebrates having a single breeding female. There may be some othervertebrates having a single breeding female...

cdg2004

以下是引用xealot在2005-3-10 17:07:00的发言：


偶觉得wild dogs cannot be characterized by the one-single-breeding-femalepatern, even given the assertion that N.M.R are not the onlyvertebrates having a single breeding female. There may be some othervertebrates having a single breeding female...

thanks for your quick reply. after check this article again, I found one mistake made by myself before:

164题，我把选项中的a single pair of 视为文章中的a single breeding female. 概念错位。sorry...

165题，我的理解是，在脯乳动物中，n.m.r是单一雌性脯乳主宰行为，但并不是唯一的，有可能还有别的脯乳动物存在同样的行为模式，例如，wild dog 也应该是这样子的。

请问，从文章中是否可以理解wild dog是同样的脯乳行为？

xealot

164题，我把选项中的a single pair of 视为文章中的a single breeding female. 概念错位。sorry...

Have to say, that's typical... We always make such kind of mistakes...

请问，从文章中是否可以理解wild dog是同样的脯乳行为？

No, at least I don't think so -- in the logics of ETS, regarding GMAT.We can't reasonally deduce the conclusion above. All we know is thatthe wild dogs are excepted from the "most vertebrates..."

cdg2004

thanks.

wantfly

有没有nn能分析的再透彻一点呢？还是不太懂唉

rosmarine

165的C为什么不对呢？OG解释说n.m.r are not the only vertebrates having a single breeding female.这不是和文章矛盾吗？文章第四段说：

Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in verte-

brates, but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively

breeding vertebrates (except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus)

(35) are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female.

Unlike强对比，说明n.m.r和most vertebrates的不同在于n.m.r是single breeding female而其他都是a pair of breeders。文章尽管说了except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus，但是这种狗只是excepted from the most vertebrates which are dominated by a pair of breeders，并不能等同于这种狗就是single breeding female的。所以我们可知的只有n.m.r是single breeding female的。

我的理解错在哪儿？

携隐

首先你要注意，GMAT中的原则是，括号里面的内容是永远可以忽略的，出题基本不会出到括号内的内容，所以，你解题的时候，括号内的内容只能作为理解文章的辅助内容，绝不能作为解题的主要依据。换句话来说，165题的解题过程，并不涉及到wild dog，不管wild dog那个内容存不存在，答案C都是错的。

其次，我们要树立一个观点，就是要在阅读中树立起严格的逻辑标准。我说过，阅读就是大逻辑，阅读中无时无刻不在体现或运用到逻辑的准则。165题是对比题，的确立刻就会联想到文章中的unlike。可是看完文章的unlike内容就会发现，文章中对比的是rats和most cooperatively breeding vertebrates。可是165题对比的是什么呢？是rats和all other vertebrates。most不等于all，all不等于most，这个逻辑常识不用再解释了吧。所以本题不可以根据文章中unlike这里的内容来解。

还有一个tips，就是unlike在文章中出现，一般后面会出的是强对比取非题，而不是直截了当的将unlike的内容稍微改写一下的对比题。

rosmarine

多谢携隐JJ，我就是在阅读中总不注意这些微妙的修饰字眼，撞墙ing!!!!!!!!!