8-4-9 Brain scans of people exposed to certain neurotoxins reveal brain damage identical to that found in people suffering from Parkinson’s disease. This fact shows not only that these neurotoxins cause this type of brain damage, but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson’s disease. Thus brain scans can be used to determine who is likely to develop Parkinson’s disease. The argument contains which one of the following reasoning errors? A. It fails to establish that other methods that can be used to diagnose Parkinson’s disease are less accurate than brain scans. B. It overestimates the importance of early diagnosis in determining appropriate treatments for people suffering from Parkinson’s disease. C. It mistakes a correlation between the type of brain damage described and Parkinson’s disease for a causal relation between the two. D. It assumes that people would want to know as early as possible whether they were likely to develop Parkinson’s disease. E. It neglects to specify how the information provided by brain scans could be used either in treating Parkinson’s disease or in monitoring the progression of the disease. The answer is B. why? I choose C. LSAT-Set8-SecIV-Q25 George: A well-known educator claims that children who are read to when they are very young are more likely to enjoy reading when they grow up than are children who were not read to. But this claim is clearly false. My cousin Emory was regularly read to as a child and as an adult he seldom reads for pleasure, whereas no one read to me and reading is now my favorite form of relaxation. Ursula: You and Emory prove nothing in this case. Your experience is enough to refute the claim that avid adult readers were read to as children, but what the educator said about reading to children is not that sort of claim. Which one of the following describes a flaw in Georges reasoning? A. He treats his own experience and the experiences of other members of his own family as though they have more weight as evidence than do the experiences of other people. B. He fails to establish that the claim made by this particular educator accurately reflects the position held by the majority of educators. C. He attempts to refute a general claim by reference to noncomforming cases, although the claim is consistent with the occurrence of such cases. The answer is E.Why?好像不 consistent
My answer to the second one: Geogre: A well-known educator claims that children who are read to when they are very young are MORE likely to enjoy reading when they grow up than are children who were not read to. In another way, we can say that some childre who are read to when they are very young enjoy reading when they grow up than are children who were not read to but some who are read to when they are very young do not. So the examples provided by Ursula are consistent with Geogre's claim although they sound like noncomforming cases.
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发表于 2003-7-23 22:09:00
