【Native Speaker每日综合训练—40系列】【40-14】科技

cynthia.bai

SPEED
Time2: 254, 3min26
MI: sci: man-made quake< natural ones, this is good, bcs less quake=less damage; but, the distance between ppl and drill<10km, ppl can feel shake

Time3: 321, 4min28
MI: H and DS prove that induced quakes have less stress drop scientifically. H also analyze the cause and how to determine.

Time4: 326, 3min42
MI: During scientific analysis, grant reviewers have prejudice against minorities.

Time5: 293, 3min03
MI: more scientific analysis: 1. In uni, white stu will be requested more; 2. In grant process, w require more approved words than m; 3. Raw comments before grant proposals might have biases.

Time6: 299,3min16
MI: a reviewer who has bias can affect other reviewers, N suggests to root out prejudice, but it is controversial, bsc ppl resent to be told that they have prejudice.

OBSTACLE
680, 10min6
The hairless mice have the same cancer from patients.
Each mouse is treated with a different drug, in order to find which drug works best.
C company offer funds to experiment.
Research make some good outcome: the tumor can be transplanted from one mouse to another.
Researchers can grow mini-organ outside the body, but it has chanllenges.
Researchers can grow tumors successfully, that means , they can find what treatment going to work.
But not all works, the biggest proble: the speed of tumor in experiment=in real ppl’s body, so many patients miss the treatment and even pass away

YajunJessica

Speed:
Time 2:1’16’’ (254w)
Time 3: 1’43’’ (321w)
Time 4: 1’55’’ (326w)
Time 5: 1’50’’ (293w)
Time 6: 1’44’’ (299w)
Obstacle: 4’10’’ (680w)

leo688

回帖就直接用作业回。哥在自习室就不占座，网上也一样。

Part I: Speaker
when people with asthma think they're smelling something noxious, their airway become inflamed.
17 asthma suffers taking test of benign chemical,
people who were soothed felt good
thing could be irritating as you expect it will

annoyances
soothed

[Time 2]
1'12
oil dill in the central and eastern US induced earthquakes, 5.7 magnitude
such artificial influence is less than the natural one

[Time 3]
1'55
study about the drop stress
comparison between two heavy trucks, one slow smooth, another fast jerks
artificial earthquakes drops less stress

[Time 4]/[Time 5]/[Time 6]
5'36
NIH to probe racial disparity in grant awards
minority get less opportunity to get grants
even the institute deny the bias prone to the white application
some studies uncovered that the minority are degreed during funding application, paper reviewing
diff from names among the white and the minority
open mind is necessary

Part III: Obstacle
5'5
CO., Ltd developed mouse with the same cancer as the targeted patient
the mouse share the same gene mutation patients have
still underdevelopment
it hard to speed up the tumors in mouse, so current patients can not have enough time to waiting for the proved result for treatment

HolliHuang

time2-1'33
time3-2'30
time4-2'36
time5-1'31
time6-...忘记record了
time7-3‘50

好多馨馨

果然新队员和老队员有区别啊 T。T看完脑子都没有印象orz
2:29
2:26
2:46
2:03
1:57

4:41
treat cancer, use mice as tool..

AgendaChen

Expanded oil and gas operation will trigger man-made earthquakes whose magnitude is as large as natural earthquakes. However, the study in the passage shows that man-made earthquakes shake the ground less than naturally ones.
1m28s

There are two studies showing that induced quakes cause less shaking than natural quakes, one  belongs to Hough and another belongs to Sumy.
1m49s

NIH's reviewers may have a unconscious prejudice against minorities and NIH is conducting some experiments to find out whether the problem of discrimination exists.
2m26s

Other findings would be related to the experiment
1m56s

The NIT's Study Sections might also have bias. And even though the investigation doesn't turn up exactly reasons about bias, it may reveal some possible causes of the racial disparity in the NIH's grant-making process. Finally, the author comments on the problem of bias: after all, we are human beings wiht emotions and feelings
1m54s

The authors introduces an approach scientists use to treat to cancer-growing one type of human cancers on mice and then using these mice avatars to test possible treatment for people who suffer such type. And a company, named Champions Oncology, is leading the study of this approach. Beside this one, other similar approaches are also under reaserching, such as creating one kind of fruit flies that share the same gene mutations patients have. However, there is no guarantee that the mice avatars will be helpful for the treatment of cancers. For example, the tumors grow in a mouse at a speed the same as in a patient. So, the patient may already die before the tumors grow in the mouse.
3m51s

Going

Speaker: Nose knows. Nose to the brain to the lung. A test has been done and approve that people’s assumption has effect on their nose. People who expected irritant was inflamed, and people who were expected therapeutic was fine without any problem.

Time 2: 2:27
Time 3: 2:53
Time 4: 2:45
Time 5: 1:40
Time 6: 2:17

Obstacle: 4’29

Time 2: Man made quakes damage less than natural earthquake. But people within 10km will feel strongly and suggest to separate from residents 10km away.

Time 3: H want to approve the affect and collect data from real quake. From the sample collected, she concluded that the stress drop is low.
Time 4: NIH wants to find out whether there is disparity in their review process. Some data show that Americans will get more awards than minorities. Test will help to find out disparity.
Time 5: Comments would be an clue on disparity.
Time 6: Top 50% of grant applicants can also be a clue in investigation. A good way is to keep open minds.

Obstacle: Avatar in mice can help doctors to study cancer of human and then cure the patience. But there are also some limitations.
Mice is not the same as human beings and the development of cancer might not the same.
Not all avatar can grow in mice.
The growing speed of avatar in mice is not so quick and patients might not wait for the test results.

油桃F

Speaker
Individuals' assumption may influence lungs and produce inflammation.

[Time 2] 1'41
The magnitude of an induced earthquake is less than that of a real earthquake. But the injection of wastewater during oil extraction can cause significant damage.

[Time 3] 2'05
H established a database and concluded that an induced earthquake has lower stress drop than a natural one.

[Time 4] 2'29
NIH has had bias to grant funds and it then analyzes whether bias hampers minority scientists.

[Time 5] 2'11
The bias also exists in gender.

[Time 6] 1'58
The study section harbor bias too. No evidence has shown bias but the survey still can reveal sth about grant-making process. One of the possible reason is the minorities' writings are less appeal to reviewers. Finally, N suggested that we should keep open mind.

Obstacle
Introduction to Champion's service: each mice represents a cancer. Doctors take a piece of patient's tumor and then inject to the mice that have no immune system.
Some other technologies
The limitation of Cancer avatar: mice are different from people and tumors grow the same speed in a mouse as in a person.

onion2.2

time 2 : 1:20
time 3:   1:40
time 4:  2:00
time 5:  1:53
time 6: 1:45
obstacle: 4:20

wangweiyi5332

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