【7步，7小时，2天】AWA从零到满分！不慌！淡定！跟着做就行！（原创>UUU<）

云少Frank

开头：In this argument the author reaches the conclusion that~~~（主题内容）The basis for this recommendation is that~~~Several reasons are cited in support to this argument~~~ first, second , third. （这一部分不一定要写，具体要不要写，怎么写，都比较灵活） At the first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that the argument omits some important concerns that must be addressed to substantiate the argument.


无因果型（基本就是找他因）：This argument is a classic instance of "after this, therefore because of this" reasoning. The only evidence put forward to support the claim that XX is the cause of YY is that XX preceded YY. (当出现根据先后发生就断定是因果关系的错误时) /
In the argument, the only evidence put forward to support the claim that XX is the cause of YY is that (XX happened when YY happened)/ (XX used to cause YY) (根据同时发生、过去发生来断定因果关系的错误)
以上都可以接后面的：However, this alone does not constitute the causal claim in question. (Although the trend/tendency cited in the study has remained stable for the past 10 years, there is no guarantee that it/the same trend will continue.) Actually，the speaker overlooks other factors that might also contribute to the result. (The author overlooks the changes of environment where XX and YY happen)
具体举例：For instance, …may…/ it is entirely possible that…( In addition, …may…/perhaps that…)
In short, without considering and ruling out all of these and other possibilities, the credibility of the arguer’s conclusion is really open to doubt for the reason that each of the possibilities, if true, would serve to undermine the arguer’s conclusion.

无端假设（还是找其他可能）Most conspicuously, the argument rests on the gratuitous assumption that~~~（假设内容） The author, however, cite no evidence to support this assumption. This assumption is dubious in two aspects. For one thing, it’s entirely possible that~~~For another, even it is true that~~~the mere fact ~~~does not necessary indicate that ~~~ Lacking this assumption, the expectation of ~~~ to ~~~is entirely unfounded.

错误类比（找不同点）The argument is unconvincing also because it is based on a false analogy. Differences between the ~~~ clearly outweigh the similarities, thus making it highly doubtful to apply facts drawn from ~~~ to ~~~. For example, (例如：problems of ~~~all affect the food industry but are virtually absent in the~~) Therefore, without sufficient information showing that most or even all of the conditions in A and B is similar or the same, the argument is doubtful.

错误调查（调查的样本数、多样性存在问题）A threshold problem with this argument involves a research itself. The number of the participants, XX, might be just an insufficiently small sample which cannot represent ~~ Also, the sample might be not necessarily representative of (所有群体), for ~~ Unless it can be shown that the sample is typical of all general group, it’s unwarranted to draw any conclusion at all.
情况变化（赖以存在的条件发生变化）The argument is based on the poor assumption that all conditions have remained unchanged since~~~(时间)(at different time or different locations). Apparently, the author fails to take into account that ~~~might have changed. Without this consideration, it’s unsounded to conclude that~~~
必要非充分（找其他的因素、选择）The author unfairly assumes that~~~and~~~are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, A and B might not be the only options and there might be other better alternatives such as ~~~and ~~~ and so on. Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out other choices.
入不敷出（某一措施的收益可能小于花费）A will not possibly earn a substantial profit by~~~ while it is entirely possible that the cost of ~~~is prohibitively high, even preventing ~~~ from making a profit/resulting in heavy financial burden. In short, without weighing revenue/gains against expenses the author’s notion is premature at best.

结论：To sum up, the author’s conclusion that ~~~ is seriously undermined by the numerous flaws in his reasoning identified above. If the author could provide credible evidence about ~~~ , eliminate other factors that may result in~~~, or take into account other issues discussed above, the argument would have been more thorough and convincing.

ossan

谢谢分享

SpringLiu36

顶顶顶顶顶顶顶顶顶顶顶顶

ECH00

加油！！！！！！！！！！！！

assahole

好厉害！mmmmmm

holly_wanying

赞~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

vicky199301

thanks for sharing

安静的晴天

楼主大赞

roylu616

感谢分享！！！！！！！！！！

wzwd

很详细啊  超级感谢！！！