----Speaker A research that gives two math tests to equal number of boys and girls from 69 countries showed that in average there is no gender gap in math, though particularly in some countries, there is such gender gap in math resulted from social forces.
----Speed
[Time2] 1'54" Scientists are worried that if the wastes from large number of cows are washed and untreated into waterways, environmental risks will arise. The obivous evidence is the sex alterations in fish. [Time3] 1'23" Two sets of tests to analyze the transgender effects in the fish. [Time4] 0'58" A big suprised outcome is found that female fish put in Elkhorn River water exhibited no hormonal changes unless the river sediment was also present. The group is going to study how the presence of sediment affect the female fish. [Time5] 1'26" The group found that hormones can be carried though the air in the areas such as arid and oft-windy West. [Time6] 1'06" Several doubts raised regarding the air pullution.
----Obstacles
[Paraphrase 7] 5'00" The author gave two examples: Beatie, a transgendered man giving birth to a baby, and the use of neuroenhancing drugs, to call for people to rethink how we define "natural". The author criticised that we should not let visceral reactions to distract us from thinking deeper and more important ethical issues. [Paraphrase 8] 3'00'' Two decades ago, Vilain wanted to find out what is the common meaning of "sexual', and what is the basic biology of sex difference. Now, Vilain gave a more meaningful "sexual" definition that is what people think of their gender is, and helped topple the unscientific tranditional sex determination. Vilain and others have given a more complex and indepth analysis. In 1994, Vilain's group showed that a male could develop without the gene.
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