5、 ***蚂蚁迁徙 [版本1]关于一种蚂蚁迁徙的。文章在探究这种蚂蚁迁徙是由于生理CYCLE导致的,并给出了原因。 [版本2]关于ant's的两个phases. 假设S和D阶段。第一段开头讲了一下两个phases的定义。第二段分开描述两个phases分别做的事情。好像说S阶段是ant queen lay eggs,其他ants 运食物什么的。然后说D阶段,某种C让一些pup ants变成了young worker。最后一句,说如果没有这个C(有高亮题问C这个例子作用),那么这个过程就会停留在S阶段。不知道记得准不准确,总是读完就忘记了。 [版本3] by agentcai 一篇是讲蚂蚁的。科学家认为因为大部分ants是sterile,只有蚁后可以生产,所以蚂蚁的团队能力应该是完全是以帮助蚁后reproduce而习得的。蚂蚁的活动周期应该是和其reproductive period,而并非有些人认为的和其觅食有关。之后科学家举例子说明在蚁后把larva产下后之前reproductive period里的蚂蚁已经从larva中出来了,可以和大部队一起搬运larva从一个洞到另一个洞。所以那段时间是蚂蚁的活跃期。如果把这些小蚂蚁移出了的话蚂蚁群就不会进入活跃期。 [版本 4] by by 清谷天 740,M51,V38 P1:蚂蚁有两个阶段S phase(停在一个地方)和nomadic phase(搬迁到别处)。有解释说这和food supply有关,作者说还和reproduce cycle有关。 P2:在S阶段,最后一周蚁后会下很多卵,3星期后小蚂蚁会变成大蚂蚁,提到了larvae,pupae什么的。与此同时,N阶段也开始了,这些逐渐长大的ants会成为immature workers。每次搬家的时候蚂蚁会搬食物,larvae和pupae。最后一句话说如果这些pupae被拿掉,那么蚂蚁又回到S阶段。 Q1:关于N阶段,什么是正确的? 我选Some of them are pupae. Q2:最后一句话作用? 我选证明了蚂蚁搬迁不仅和food supply有关,还和reproduce cycle有关。 [版本 5] by gaochao1015 720 一篇蜜蜂的,好像是生长阶段不光跟神马有关还跟reproduction cycle有关,讲有两个阶段,S和D之类的,D阶段有幼虫,神马的,假如移除幼虫,它将一直停留在S阶段 1.问最后一句就是移除幼虫,他讲停留在S阶段的作用 选证明这个阶段还跟reproduction有关 2.问文章主旨,我选的是补充一个关于自然想象的解释 [版本 6] by jasonford 开篇提了蚂蚁有两个阶段,一个是静止的,一个是运动的,during which the ants move at the end of the day之类的。然后提出一种传统解释说为什么会运动,然后又有一种新的观点提出对这个问题的解释,就是这其实是ants的reproductive cycle有关系 第二段开始详细解释为啥是一生孩子这些蚂蚁就想着搬家,说蚁后生出卵之后,等到最开始生的那些卵开始付出小蚂蚁(还是immature的时候),这帮蚂蚁就开始带着食物啊,没孵出来的卵啊那些乱七八糟的家伙事儿上路了。最后一句(考点)说如果路上这些immature的菜鸟蚂蚁死到数量不足的时候,这些蚂蚁就歇了,不搬家了。 考题有一道是说哪一项关于蚂蚁上路的时候(at the beginning of the 运动 phrase)的状态描述是准确的?选了some of those 卵还在larvae的阶段就上路了,不确定 还有一道说最后一句话的作用是什么?有点忘了,好像是说进一步证明第二种解释这种意思的选项 还有一题说文章的作用是什么(主旨题)?选了supplementing an explanation to a scientific phenomenon. [版本7]by lihe102047960 Math51 Verbal34,710 题目我记得考到了 全文主旨(我选的似乎是对一个现象进行补充说明) 问了最后一段高亮部分的作用,就是说把那个什么拿开之后就会让蚂蚁停留在S阶段。我选的是为了作者的假设,蚂蚁收CYCLE的影响是正确的。 [版本8]by xbftx 720,M50,V37 最后一篇碰到的是《蚂蚁迁徙》,jj相对全的一个。考了主旨题,还有最后一句的作用,最后一句说的是拿走了larva,蚂蚁的reproductive circle停止了。答案我选的是E:give evidence to。。。。这题寂静里面的两段文章仔细看看。有帮助。(幸亏最后碰到这篇,我那个时候已经pace慢了!) [考古] by stevenchen1982 第十七篇 螞蟻生活習性 scratte (V42) 7/1 第一段:某螞蟻有個特殊的生活習性:某段時間被稱為satary (反正就是static的意思)phase,螞蟻們都蟄伏在家;然後會集體乾坤大挪移,稱為nomadic phase。傳統的觀點認為,螞蟻們這樣做是因為食物吃光了,民以食為天,所以要搬家,forage。但是新的證據表明,螞蟻們搬家還有個原因,就是biological cycle。 第二段:具體闡述螞蟻在satary和nomadic兩個階段的過程和表現。一般是蟻后產卵,然後在靜止階段的最後一天,小螞蟻開始孵化,然後一部分長成了青年螞蟻,開始搬家,要搬很多東西,蟲卵啊,半大小子啊,等等,這就是nomadic階段。科學家發現,如果把這些最早的青年螞蟻抓走,nomadic階段就會遲遲不出現。 題目還可以,但是好像細節考得比較多。 考古 感謝nowwsy!7/1 【版本2】03/11 VERBAL碰上兩道機經閱讀,一個螞蟻那個。 第一段說螞蟻分兩種習性,不冬眠的時候怎樣怎樣,冬眠的時候怎樣怎樣。 第二段解釋說螞蟻這種習性可能是跟它生在什麼時候有關係,蟻后生很多小螞蟻幼蟲,有的在不冬眠的時候發展成大螞蟻,就變成了類似工兵螞蟻,可能是,有的在冬眠的時候發育,就變成什麼什麼螞蟻。文章不長,但是生詞很多,看著暈。題目有一道推斷題,問第二段說如果工兵螞蟻不在不冬眠的時候發育會變成什麼樣。 1.問primary purpose。 JJ作者的答案:注意,第一段有提到一個earlier observation, 作者對這個是做了補充,而非反駁或什麼的. 所以選項選有supplement 的那一項 2.文章最後一句話高光,問目的。JJ作者:是講ant 完成nomatic phrase後會到達steery, 選項裡有一項是evidence to support the conclusion that nomatic period is linked to reproductive cycle. JJ中沒有提到的關鍵字:nomatic period is linked with reproductive cycle.這是作者在第一段末尾說的 3.是nomatic phase 和stetery 期間ant 行為的比較,主要在第二段定位。我做時有點暈。有pupae,好像是這詞,我也不知道是什麼意思 有益補充:google 出來的 有點像 裡面還有說SP和NP兩個階段 大家可以搜一下 Nomadic behavior of the army ant Neivamyrmex nigrescens was studied in a desert-grassland habitat. Six colonies were followed through eight nomadic phases (94 nomadic days) while direction and distance of emigrations, growth of larvae, number of adults and larvae per colony were determined. In all colonies, the nomadic phase began when newly enclosed adults and small larvae were present, and ended when the larvae were fully grown. Average emigration distance was positively related to number of larvae in the colony. These findings support Schneirla's theory that brood stimulation is a proximate cause of the nomadic phase. Failures to emigrate were equally likely at all points in the nomadic phase, and there was no systematic increase in emigration distance as the phase progressed. These findings do not support Schneirla's version of brood-stimulative theory. Number of adults per colony was positively related to the directionality of the nomadic phase; however, both the direction and distance of emigrations varied unpredictably from one nomadic day to the next, in marked contrast to predictions from optimal foraging theory. Schneirla's theory is useful in predicting phase differences in colony behavior, but it does not account for characteristics such as frequency, direction, or distance of emigrations within the nomadic phase. These aspects of nomadic behavior are more closely related to characteristics of the habitat such as prey density and availability of nest sites. Army ant nomadism in this habitat may depart from the optimum because of high prey density, small colony size, or lack of nesting sites. 有益補充2:螞蟻那篇,有解釋 statary phase, 湊合著用!(感謝黃GG) Eciton army ants have a bi-phasic lifestyle where they alternate between a nomadic phase and a stationary stage. In the stationary or statary phase ('statary' is an old English word meaning "to stand in place"), which lasts about three weeks, the ants remain in the same location every night. They make a nest out of their own bodies, protecting the queen and her eggs in the middle. This temporary home is known as a bivouac. In the nomadic phase the ants move their entire colony to a new location nearly every night for two weeks. When the ants first enter the statary phase, the queen's body swells massively and she lays as many as 250,000 eggs in less than a week. While the eggs mature, the ants swarm with less frequency and intensity. When the eggs hatch, the excitement caused by the increased activity of the larvae causes the colony to enter the nomadic phase. The colony swarms much more intensely and nearly every day, and the ants move to a new location every night. After two weeks, around the time when the larvae begin to pupate, the colony again enters the statary phase, and the cycle begins anew (Schneirla, 1971).
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