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Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?

Twenty percent of the stores in Morganville's downtown shopping district will fail within five years because they will be competing directly with the SaveMart discount department store newly opened in East Morganville. The downtown shopping district has lost business at this rate before and has always completely rebounded. Confidence that it will rebound again from the losses it is now about to suffer is ill founded, however, because __________.

正确答案: A

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发表于 2014-5-16 01:05:11 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
按herl的分类来做。第一次做的时候也判断成了类比推理。。但是类比推理中得Cq要么指出两点不同要么有新的例子。我选择的是C,因为觉得它点出了S是discount和以前的模式不同。私以为A选项只说了一种,无法判断成为两者不同的cq.
而如果作为统计枚举,为什么将来的才是样本呢。才应该是样本。如果由过去推现在应该是现在为样本,C也涉及了样本。
太昏了。求牛牛们解答!感激不尽!
77.       

Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?

Twenty percent of the stores in Morganville's downtown shopping district will fail within five years because they will be competing directly with the SaveMart discount department store newly opened in East Morganville.  The downtown shopping district has lost business at this rate before and has always completely rebounded.  Confidence that it will rebound again from the losses it is now about to suffer is ill founded, however, because __________.

A. the stores likely to be put out of business by direct competition from SaveMart are the downtown shopping district's anchor stores, on whose ability to draw shoppers many of the other downtown stores depend
B. the bus line that has long connected the downtown area of Morganville with East Morganville has a tradition of carrying shoppers who reside in East Morganville into downtown Morganville to shop
C. when the downtown shopping district has rebounded before, the business premises of a failed business were typically taken over by a business of the same kind as had been there before
D. SaveMart's business plan for the East Morganville store is based on earning low profits, if any, during the first five years of the store's existence
E. it is conceivable that the downtown shopping district could shrink substantially without collapsing altogether

由问题问法得知,此题是评估类的题目。

找到前提和结论:

    这是一道解释题,一般来说这种题目的结论都是和前提相反的。也就是说,前提的内容在逻 
    辑上理应能推出一个结论,而论证中在给出一个转折词(诸如however)后,提出一个相反
    的结论。然后让我们解释这个“surprising result”。所以本题中本应该有的结论是:“The 
    downtown shopping district will rebound again”  


判断推理模式:

前提:由于SaveMart这种商店的开张,大概有20%在Morganville的商店将要倒闭了。在以前,20%这种比率的倒闭率也发生过,每次都“回弹(rebound)”回来了。

结论:这次应该也可以回弹。 

通过前提和结论的逻辑关系,我们知道,该论证基于了过去的“回弹”经验,试图预测现在是否可以回弹。属于比较典型的“由过去预测未来型”统计枚举推理。

找到答案方向:
类统计枚举模式推理有两个CQ:
CQ1:样本代表性问题
CQ2:样本数量问题

通过观察两个CQ可知,选项中一定要提到样本,要么提到样本的特殊特点,要么提到一种新的样本。本题中的样本是和SaveMart竞争的这次。 (由过去预测未来型的统计枚举推理,样本是未来的特点,或者未来与过去的不同。)

选项分析:

Correct. 由于直接和SaveMart竞争而被淘汰掉的商场是端位商场(大型商业单位,如百货商场或超级市场,座落在商业街的突出位置,通常是一端。端位商场需起吸引顾客的作用,使他们能够光顾商业街的其它商店)。显然,该选项提到了样本的一个特殊的特点。
连接Morganville东部和市中心的公共汽车会把东部的人载到市中心来购物。该选项没有提到样本的问题。
过去回弹的时候,替代倒闭的商场的都是和以前商场商业模式一样的商场。该选项没有提到样本,其涉及到的内容是过去的情况,而不一定是过去和未来的不同点。所以该选项不是答案。
SaveMart的在生存期的前五年的商业模式是薄利型。该选项没有涉及市中心的情况,不是样本的特点。
可以预见的是市中心的商场将会缩小而不是一起倒闭。该选项确实涉及了样本的一个特点,但是说的是样本将会怎么发展,并不是样本于总体的区别,所以该选项不能评估本推理。


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沙发
发表于 2014-5-16 12:13:57 | 只看该作者
你把这题当做类比来看也没问题,黑老师的分类并不完全是muturally exclusive的,比如有的方法论证可以也是因果论证,有的相关因果也可以是果因。

说回这一题,就按类比来看,C选项也没指出过去和现在的不同点。仅仅说了过去的情况。你如何得知现在不是相同的这种情况?

A指出将要面对的情况是anchor store的倒闭必然导致大量其他店的倒闭,所以不可能rebound; 讲的是由于Savemart开业而带来的特殊情况,这就是过去和现在的不同。
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