【3月29日逻辑答案】

belinda_cao

1.Brochure: Help conserve our city’swater supply. By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conservinglandscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use. A water-conserving landscapeis natural and attractive, and it also saves you money. Criticism: For most people withyards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannotjustify the expense of new landscaping, since typically the conversion wouldsave less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’syearly water bills. Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism? A. Even homeowners whose yardsdo not have water-conserving landscapes can conserve water by installingwater-saving devices in their homes. B. A conventional landscapegenerally requires a much greater expenditure on fertilizer and herbicide thandoes a water-conserving landscape. C. A significant proportion ofthe residents of the city live in buildings that do not have yards. D. It costs no more to put inwater-conserving landscaping than it does to put in conventional landscaping. E. Some homeowners use morewater to maintain their yards than they use for all other purposes combined. 答案：B 题干分析：小册子：为了保护水资源减少用水，可以把自己的院子的地形改成是节水型的地形。批评者：节水的节省并不能抵消换成接水地形的开销，每个节水花园每年才节省不到20美金嘛。问削弱批评者。 选项分析： A那些不换地形的家庭也可以通过换用节水器件来节约水。这个没什么关系，排除 B传统的地形通常需要更多的肥料和杀虫剂，这个就指出了传统的也会很浪费钱啊，削弱了批评者的观点。 C很大一部分人都住在没有院子的房子里。这个也是无关选项。 D两种安装的费用一样，无关选项，排除。 E有些家庭用来照顾花园的用水比其他的所有用处加起来都多。无关，排除。 解题关键：看准是削弱哪一个人的观点。 2.Brochure: Help conserve our city’swater supply. By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conservinglandscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use. A water-conserving landscapeis natural and attractive, and it also saves you money. Criticism: For most people withyards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannotjustify the expense of new landscaping, since typically the conversion wouldsave less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’syearly water bills. Which of the following, iftrue, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism? A. Even homeowners whose yardsdo not have water-conserving landscapes can conserve water by installingwater-saving devices in their homes. B. A conventional landscapegenerally requires a much greater expenditure on fertilizer and herbicide thandoes a water-conserving landscape. C. A significant proportion ofthe residents of the city live in buildings that do not have yards. D. It costs no more to put inwater-conserving landscaping than it does to put in conventional landscaping. E. Some homeowners use morewater to maintain their yards than they use for all other purposes combined. 这是一道很好的例题. 它的选项有迷惑性在于不止一个选项读上去是正确答案. 实际上, 根据所问问题,A,B,D,E都可能是正确答案. 这也是我认为做CR不能单凭直觉的原因. 因为平时做了很多真题, 看了很多答案,如果不认真理解对错的原因, 而是凭对正确答案的"脸熟", 此题很可能误选. 此题关键在于问题. 是结论或推论. 首先认真读题: 第一句(A),可能是结论, 说在high-circulation的杂志上excerpting soon before publishing有效; 第二句是premises: increased sales (B1)和fees paid byM (B2). 所牵涉的事物: books, soon before it is published,high-circulation Mag, icreased sales, fees. 推论题(inference)一般可以用取非来做. 即取非后原结论不成立. A为答案.A的意思是读完摘录的人中, 更想买此书的人数要大与看了摘录就不想买此书的人.取非后, B1不成立, 则结论错. 下面我解释一下其它选项: B看上去是削弱题(weakean, cast doubt)答案. 但我认为不是. 这正体现了ETS的tricky. 由B本身不能反驳原文的逻辑关系A-->B1 and B2. 既, 即使杂志不情愿刊登, 此逻辑关系依然hold. 如果把原题改动一下, 结论变为:A-->在杂志上刊登摘录是一种很popular的方法, 则B weaken.因为杂志不愿意刊登, 所以popular的可能性小. D是support题型的答案. 和A一样, 含有数学概念, 也极象正确答案. 但是我在以前的回复中讲过, 数学概念稍微复杂一些, A是很绝对的比较,N>M, 而D是间接的比较N=rM.如果此等式不成立(取非),原结论成立吗? 当然. 如果N=M+p, 结论一样成立. 所以不是inference E也象正确答案, 但是它是weaken结论:所有书在杂志上excerpt后都卖得一样好. 和原文无关. 3.Lymedisease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks.Generally, deer ticks pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage byfeeding on infected white-footed mice. However, certain other species on whichthe larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. If the population of these otherspecies were increased, more of the larvae would be feeding on uninfectedhosts, so the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium would likely decline. Which of the following would it be most important to ascertain in evaluating theargument? A Whetherpopulations of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed are found onlyin areas also inhabited by white-footed mice B Whetherthe size of the deer tick population is currently limited by the availabilityof animals for the tick's larval stage to feed on   C Whetherthe infected deer tick population could be controlled by increasing the numberof animals that prey on white-footed mice D Whetherdeer ticks that were not infected as larvae can become infected as adults byfeeding on deer on which infected deer ticks have fed   E Whetherthe other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor any other bacteria thatticks transmit to humans   这是一道很好的例题. 它的选项有迷惑性在于不止一个选项读上去是正确答案. 实际上, 根据所问问题,A,B,D,E都可能是正确答案. 这也是我认为做CR不能单凭直觉的原因. 因为平时做了很多真题, 看了很多答案,如果不认真理解对错的原因, 而是凭对正确答案的"脸熟", 此题很可能误选. 此题关键在于问题. 是结论或推论. 首先认真读题: 第一句(A),可能是结论, 说在high-circulation的杂志上excerpting soon before publishing有效; 第二句是premises: increased sales (B1)和fees paid byM (B2). 所牵涉的事物: books, soon before it is published,high-circulation Mag, icreased sales, fees. 推论题(inference)一般可以用取非来做. 即取非后原结论不成立. A为答案.A的意思是读完摘录的人中, 更想买此书的人数要大与看了摘录就不想买此书的人.取非后, B1不成立, 则结论错. 下面我解释一下其它选项: B看上去是削弱题(weakean, cast doubt)答案. 但我认为不是. 这正体现了ETS的tricky. 由B本身不能反驳原文的逻辑关系A-->B1 and B2. 既, 即使杂志不情愿刊登, 此逻辑关系依然hold. 如果把原题改动一下, 结论变为:A-->在杂志上刊登摘录是一种很popular的方法, 则B weaken.因为杂志不愿意刊登, 所以popular的可能性小. D是support题型的答案. 和A一样, 含有数学概念, 也极象正确答案. 但是我在以前的回复中讲过, 数学概念稍微复杂一些, A是很绝对的比较,N>M, 而D是间接的比较N=rM.如果此等式不成立(取非),原结论成立吗? 当然. 如果N=M+p, 结论一样成立. 所以不是inference E也象正确答案, 但是它是weaken结论:所有书在杂志上excerpt后都卖得一样好. 和原文无关. 4.Hardinargued that grazing land held in common(that is,open to any user) would alwaysbe used less carefully than private grazing lan. Each rancher would be temptedto overuse common land because the benefits would accure to the individual,while the costs of reduced land quality that results from overuse would bespread among all users. But a study comparing 217 million acres of commongrazing land with 433 million acres of private grazing land showed that thecommon land was in better condition. Which of the following, if true and known by the ranchers, would best help explainthe results of the study? A Withprivate grazing land, both the costs and the benefits of overuse fall to theindividual user.   B Thecost in reduced land quality that is attributable to any individual user isless easily measured with common land than it is with private land.   C Anindividual who overuses common grazing land might be able to achieve higherreturns than other users can, with the result that he or she would obtain acompetitive advantage. D Ifone user of common land overuses it even slightly, the other users are likelyto do so even more, with the consequence that the costs to each user outweighthe benefits. EThere are more acres of grazing land held privately than there are held incommon.   1. 快速思路： 各方使用者泛滥使用公共资源 -> 公地悲剧 原文的结论是没有发生公地悲剧 所以应该是各方使用者没有泛滥使用这个前提出现了问题 按照这个思路寻找，只有D符合 2.挨个分析 A：只说了私人属地的内容，和公地没有任何关系 B：迷惑选项：cost 和 condition 没有直接的必然联系，所以分析两者的cost问题，有隔靴搔痒的感觉 C：单个使用者在公地获得绝对性优势，不能排除overuse的可能性，同时和condition没有必然联系 D：正确：恶性循环导致得不偿失，遂放弃，前提条件weaken E：无关选项：面积上的不同和condition没有必然联系。

gabrielpei

第3题答案的解释ms贴错了喂.....亲....