【3月19日逻辑题目】

belinda_cao

1.From1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasingpercentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States. Theincreasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass wasresponsible for most of this decline. However, although aluminum recycling wasmore widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found thatthe weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greaterpercentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to1988, most helps to account for the finding?

A Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminumcans of comparable size.   

B Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beveragecontainers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles hadcontained products other than beverages.   

C Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but fewaluminum cans, with plastic containers.   

D The total weight of glass bottles purchased by householdsincreased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminumcans.   

E In many areas, glassbottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereasaluminum cans required no sorting.

2.Someairlines allegedly reduce fares on certain routes to a level at which they losemoney, in order to drive competitors off those routes. However, this method ofeliminating competition cannot be profitable in the long run. Once an airlinesuccessfully implements this method, any attempt to recoup the earlier lossesby charging high fares on that route for an extended period would only providecompetitors with a better opportunity to undercut the airline's fares.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A In some countries it is not illegal for a company todrive away competitors by selling a product below cost.   

B Airline executives generally believe that a company thatonce underpriced its fares to drive away competitors is very likely to do soagain if new competitors emerge.   

C As part of promotions designed to attract new customers,airlines sometimes reduce their ticket prices to below an economicallysustainable level.   

D On deciding to stop serving particular routes, mostairlines shift resources to other routes rather than reduce the size of theiroperations.   

E When airlines dramatically reduce their fares on aparticular route, the total number of air passengers on that route increasesgreatly.

3.Somepeople have questioned the judge's objectivity in cases of sex discriminationagainst women. But the record shows that in sixty percent of such cases, thejudge has decided in favor of the women. This record demonstrates that thejudge has not discriminated against women in cases of sex discriminationagainst women.
The argument above is flawed in that it ignores the possibility that

A a large number of the judge's cases arose out ofallegations of sex discrimination against women   

B many judges find it difficult to be objective in cases ofsex discrimination against women   

C the judge is biased against women defendants orplaintiffs in cases that do not involve sex discrimination   

D the majority of the cases of sex discrimination againstwomen that have reached the judge's court have been appealed from a lowercourt   

E the evidence showsthat the women should have won in more than sixty percent of the judge's casesinvolving sex discrimination against women

4.Bankdepositors in the United States are all financially protected against bankfailure because the government insures all individuals' bank deposits.Aneconomist argues that this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate ofbank failures, since it removes from depositors any financial incentive to findout whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure.Ifdepositors were more selective. then banks would need to be secure in order tocompete for depositors' money.
Which of he following, if true, most seriously weakens the economist sargument?

A Before the government started to insure depositorsagainst bank failure, there was a lower rate of bank failure than there isnow.   

B When the government did not insure deposits frequent bankfailures occurred as a result of depositors' fears of losing money in bankfailures.   

C Surveys show that a significant proportion of depositorsare aware that their deposits are insured by the government.   

D There is an upper limit on the amount of an individual'sdeposit that the government will insure.but very few individuals' depositsexceed this limit.   

  E The security of abank against failure depends on the percentage of its assets that are loanedout and also on how much risk its loans involve.