【Native Speaker每日综合训练—33系列】【33-05】科技

oxygen840529

Speaker: The conversation talks about the pharmaceutical companies spending on the docotors' sales. First, the speaker introduce the background and reason why drugmakers slash the spend on the physician. Then the speaker numerate several companies such as Lily, Pfizer and Novitis who cut their cost from 40% to 60%. At last, the method of transfering to research funding and practitioner was mentioned.
Time2 2'26
Time3 1'33 One pheromone that induce ovulation of female goat was found, and it will be useful in husbandry in goats and other ruminants.
Time4 3'01
Time5 3'04 Some scientists argued that Marine reserves in Austrialia was set aside only where commercial events are not effected, while others indicated new MPAs increaed every year.
Time6 2'05 Ocean-going fish can't live any deeper than 8200 meters because of osmosis pressure.

捉妖

Time2：
Scientists abstract a moleculefrom a certian pheromone that once believed to be the source making female goats ovulate. That molecule can activate the neural path way of reproduction management. Then an experiment shows the gas collected from the head skin of male goats could help females to ovulate.

Time3：
The practical means of this foundings, such as curing some disorders and going to find similar substances in other animals.

眼睛好累，休息，休息一会儿~

pennyz

Furthermore, this approach separates scientists from such sceptics because focusing on past predictions and model projections — even if uncertain — highlights that climate contrarians have not produced alternative predictive models, and therefore have little to contribute.

这段话不太懂哈，实在说那些sceptics 只是依赖分析过去数据来反驳科学家们实际上是无意义的，而面对诸如“这种灾难以后还会不会发生”的诘难也无法应对么？看的好晕
speaker:
background:many pharmacy companies subsidize the doctor who promote their drugs,but in rencent years
it has become more controversial and lots of institution prohibit their rembers to receive money.
drugmakers slash spending on doctors' sales talks but may find the other way to do so:such as shift funds
for the practitioners who promote their drugs
2:05s
1:19s
2:32s
1:42s
the new seas reserve area is set aside only where the commercial use is not in the way,but we still should
set up more near coast reserve to protect more intensive use area
1:46s
5:38s
obstacle
the climate disaster all around world
the inconsistence between the scientists and the media in climate issues
their differences:（why we should not pitch the scientists the opposite side of sceptics)
media:what the impact of the human behavior on the climate
scientists:what is actually happening
the new kind of approaches:
1this climate disaster is connected to the climate change
2 will it happen again
the debate in BBC is misleading:
the proper way is to have the scientists debate together and the contrarain debate together

yinghua9122

谢谢楼主，先占一个~~~~
Time 2 2'09
When male goats get close to the female goats, the male aroma can make female goats ovulate. Mechanisms of this phenomenon is still unknown. Reachers do experiments about that.

Time 3 1'44
4-ethyloctanal is the vital chemical in the male goats' aroma. This research will benefit the husbandry.

Time 4 2'48
Australia’s seas have generally been set aside only where doing so would not get in the way of commercial uses, which just minimize confilit and argument, not for protection purpose.

Time 5 2'45
many people have different opinions about the Australia's marine-reserve plans.

Time 6 2'24
the deeper where the fish live, the more TMAO are needed to prevent proteins from collapsing. the concentrations of the TMAO will cause the high osmosis pressure, which will make cells brust at some point.  

Obstacle  依然看的云里雾里的。
1.British are famous of this winter's rainfall. extreme climate happened more frequently in the world.
2.Climate change are caused by many elements, not only human activities, although it is the biggest.
3. there are confilts between scientists and excutives.
4.producers do not want an inbox of complaints, and climate sceptics complain if they are not represented. And executives might feel they need to ‘be fair’ by bringing in sceptics.

云游

占，Come on!!!
Speaker: Most pharmaceutical companies slashed their donation paided to medication speciality.
Time 2:1'12''
Time 3:1'02''
Time 4: 1'32''
Time 5: 1'39''
Time 6: 1'24''
Obstacle: 6'17''

lishuan1

求删=0=我忘记了占过楼了。。。

画画2013

Speaker
Some companies have slushed spending they uesd to give to Doctors to improve sales.
Reasons why these companies cut the spending.

Time2 2'10
Male goat can make female goat ovulate by just near it.
Researchers attribute such a phenomena to primer pheromones,which is rare to find in mammals. And researchers use hats to collect secent of goats, and how the female goats affected by the scent.

Time3 1'34
but when a special chemical was removed, other chemicals cannot  have a statisticallt significant effect.
PB suspected the solutions, which was made by TY.
The main benefit of the work is that it could used to develop new technology to improve the efficiency of breeding and to treat reproductive disorders.

Time4 2'27
Australia published a new police to make the areas which need protection are being neglected.
an international team argues that the marine-reserve network is just a business as usual.
But the system is mainly residual.

Time5 2'13
MPAs are hard to win in many cases though some of them does establish with little pressure.
Australia's action got some support when Australia was criticized.
some people fear that such an action will reduce their favor of fishing and other commercial interests. but P says that MPA will increase if the government interprets them analyses correctly.

Time6 2'05
No fish can live any deeper than 8,200 meters.
The higher the fish lives, the more TMAO it relieves. High TMAO reverse osmosis pressure and burst red blood cells open.

Obstacle 8'26
The exreme weather made the climate change became a political agenda. And Media asked whether it was caused by climate change  made the discussion on to the severity of the impacts.
scientists must be more vocal if the public are to receive more-accurate information from the media.
The way to stop the misleading debate is that BBC should let scientists debate with other scientists, and let Lawson to debate with other activitists.

ieveline

Speaker
Drug makers slash the spending on doctors for promoting products.
It usually less favorable.
1.patents lost
2.pateints can look doctor's record about money receving from drugmakers

Speed
1--01:47
The research male goat pheromones synthesized in head skin can stimulate female goat to increase the activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone and generator.

2--01:20
This founding will be useful in husbandry in goats and other ruminats, but the whole effect is not sure be ascribed to the pheromones alone.
The main benefit is it can improve the efficiency of breeding and treat reproductive disorders.

3--02:01
An international team argued that australia marine-reserve work did nothing.
Becaused the reserve system is mainly residual.
The areas that are being placed under protection appear to be choose by minimizing cofilict between shtakeholders.

4--01:54
The other reason why residual reservation is a problem is it gives wrong appearance of conservation progress.
Even the established area are under litter commercial pressure, someone acclaim that there are hard efforts.
Need to set up MPAs in area of intensive use with high level of protection.
Australian grovernment should imcrease the protection to improve the MPA system.

5--01:38
TMAO prevents proteins from collapsing under high pressure to make fish live in the deeper sea.
That high TMAO level reverse osmosis pressure that would swell brain cells to burst red blood cells open is the reason why fish can not survive at a depth of 8200 meters.

Obstacle-06:00
Extrme weather has been seen across the world.
We often hear that no single weather event can be attributed to climate change, but it is not true.
The research proved the anthropogenic climate change contribute to half of the extrems examined in study.
The scientist can gave the answer but climate contraian claims the oppisite.
That the media does no contribution is caused by the executives attitudes that it is only fair to bring the skiptic.
They should let scienctist debat the details of climated change and activist debate the policy respones.
Do not mingled them together and mislead the public.

TaoRs92

time:1:43.11
Scientists find that the special scent of male goat can make female goat ovulate.
The pheromones/male effect is known for many years,but the mechanism is unknown.
Now scientists find a molecule is the key.
The experiment--collect ths scent,study the hormone change in the brain of female goats.
_____________
time:1:09.09
Through the experiment,scientists find the molecule that is special.
Opinions from others--good,but not sure whether pheromone is the only factor.
Opinions from the scientist--good,not sure whether it is the only factor,will help improve reprductive tech--not only focus on stress or other factors,but also pay attention to pheromones.
_____________
time:2:01.30
Australia is setting up sea networks these years.But the MPAs only go to seas that will have the least conflicts with commercial interests.
No difference from business use of normal seas.
_____________
time:1:51.40
Opinions from several people.
Australian need to better protect the network.Some even decide to reconsider the network.
The team hope the government increase,not reduce the protection to ecosystem and species.
_____________
time:1:30.22
Scientists find the deepest a fish can swim.
The protein that help them bear the high pressure.TMAO.
They looked 7000 and found 5 fish--their TMAO rate matched the projection.So they use this to induce that fish can not swim deeper than 8200.
___________
time:5:56.28
Climate change becomes a popular topic among public.
There are many debates between scientists and media.But this time,they are still in a disfunction relationship.
Media--focues on the severity of the problem,rather than the existence of the problem.have a clear claim.not contribute to climate change to aviod sceptics.
Scientists--need more researchs,not every events are caused by climate change.(the example of the study of 12 biggest climate events in recent years)they aviod the debate--no climate sceptics.
But extrem climate always lead to discussion--first on science,then on political responses.Media should seperate the two discussion.But what they do is conflating them in one discussion.
The example of a BBC radio broadcast.
Scientists should discuss with scientists.Activists should discuss for political responses,not for science purposes.

squallds

Speaker
Pharmaceutical companies in the US have cut their payment to doctors, because the government required mandatory disclosure of payment, and the pattern of many drugs is about to expire, making monopoly promotion unnecessary in the generic competition.

Speed
【Time 2】2:50
A study showed that the odor from male goats can stimulate female goats to ovulate.

【Time 3】1:41
The scientist has identified a specific odor molecule that resulted in the female goat’s reaction. This discovery could be applied to increasing breeding efficiency.

【Time 4】3:20
The researchers found that many protected areas in Australia are those free of commercial uses and with the least controversial. Thus, the Australian reserve system is “residual”, failing to protect those really in need of reserve areas.

【Time 5】2;36
Although the situation is not pleasing, a number of controversial areas somehow attained protection, and the government’s pledge to review the network has secured the system developing towards right way.

【Time 6】1:58
A team of biologists claimed that moving fish can only survive in 8200 meters deep in ocean, for the record TMAO levels can maintain a eligible osmosis pressure in that depth to prevent proteins from collapsing.

Obstacle
【Time 7】7:16
When the climate issue activists prompt the mass to correlate any extreme event with “climate change”, the scientists become silent even when they know what happen to the climate, deepening misleading to the mass. Therefore, it is highly encouraged that scientists go to the public to discuss even debate with other scientists about the climate issue. Thus people can know more thoroughly and accurately about the facts.