Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a creditcard logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many creditcard holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists' interpretation of the studies?
Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit-card logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit-card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists’ interpretation of the studies?
(A) The effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards.
(B) Patrons who are under fi nancial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with a credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.
(C) In virtually all of the cases in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit cards.
(D) In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by
credit card.
(E) The percentage of restaurant bills paid with a given brand of credit card increases when that credit card’s
logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is presented.
The psychologists’ hypothesis is that the credit-card logos on the trays bring to the minds of
those who tip more the fact that they have more purchasing power than merely the cash
that they have at hand. This explanation would not be valid even if those people who are
not reminded of their own excess purchasing power—if in fact they have any such
power—when they see such a logo nonetheless tip more in such trays.Th us, if restaurant
patrons who are under fi nancial pressure from their credit-card obligations do not tip
more when their bills are presented on trays bearing credit-card logos, then the
psychologists’ interpretation of the studies is supported.
心里学家的假设逻辑:
see logo by CC holders -> remind them ->条件:they have exceeding power -> tip more
蓝色部分的逻辑:
see logo by CC holders ->didn't get reminded -> 条件:they have exceeding power -> also tip more
这时心理学家的假设是无法成立的。
为什么呢??
文中原文前提给出的现象是see logo -> more tip
但是心里学家在这个过程中间加了一个假设就是reminded。(原文 because it reminds them that XXX)
如果当看到logo(when they see such a logo)时,即使(even if )没有被reminded(not reminded), ,还是会(nonetheless) tip more的话(到此都符合原文前提see logo -> tip more的现象),此时,心里学家的逻辑就不成立。
因此,OG的重点不在于被reminded,而在于exceeding power,也就是原文 because it reminds them that XXX中 XXX的部分。 they don't have exceeding power -> tip less, 可以support 心里学家的假设。