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- 2007-9-10
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- 1970-1-1
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SEVEN SINS
1). Insufficient Sample
The evidence the author provides is insufficient to prove the conclusion drwan from it. The statistic data from this year/local store is not a good indictor of the future trends/overall sales situtation for the shops all cross the country. It is possible that... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that ... in completely unwarranted.
2). Gratuitous Assumption
The author falsely depends on the gratuitous assumption that... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support the assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, It is more likely that... Therefore this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.
3). False Analogy
The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, ... Thus it is much more difficult for B to do...
4). Causal Oversimplification
The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of reasoning is that because A occurred before/coincide with B, the former is responsible for the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations are considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the root cause of this event.
5). Either-or
The author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for middle ground. However, the author provide no reasons for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that if adjust A and B, it can produce better results...
6). All Things Equal
The authors commits the fallacy of 'all things are equal'. The fact happens two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw the conclusion that... However, it is not clear in this argument that the current condition at A is the same as it used to be two years ago. Therefore, it is impossibe to conclude that...
7). Survey Doubtful
The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The author did not indicate when, who, where and how the survey is conducted. Unless there questions are answered, the results of the survey is worthless as the evidence for the conclusion.
X). GA-2
Most conspicuously, the argument rests on another gratuitous assumption that... The author, however, cites no evidence to support this assumption. The assumption is dubious in two aspects. Lacking of this evidence, the assumption... is entirely unfounded.
Y). Necessarity (Causal Relationship)
In the first place, the author unfailrly assumes the B was determined solely by A. While A is seemingly important element in determining B, it is hardly the ony or even necessarily required element. This assumption overlooks other crutial criteria in determining B, such as C & D. Without accounting for these potential factors, the authot concludes too hastily that... is the best way to achieve the goal.
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