【求助】实在想不通，求NN指点~

JIANGKLOP

小安第5篇~
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners,when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below
the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics areelderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.

Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.

As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.

中间那段似懂非懂，感觉懂了，但是又做不对下面几道题
7. According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is
the
(A) recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers
(B) possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per worker
(C) fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poor
(D) establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics
(E) prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed
我选的A答案是E。。

8. The conclusion stated in lines 33-39 about the
number of people who suffer as a result of forced
idleness depends primarily on the point that
(A) in times of high unemployment, there are
some people who do not remain unemployed for long
(B) the capacity for self-support depends on
receiving moderate-to-high wages
(C) those in forced idleness include, besides the
unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers
and those not actively seeking work
(D) at different times during the year, different
people are unemployed（D）
(E) many of those who are affected by
unemployment are dependents of unemployed
workers
这个题看了不是很清楚想要问什么，所以乱选选错了。。

(A) A short-term increase in the number of those
in poverty can indicate a shortage of jobs because
the basic number of those unable to accept
employment remains approximately constant.
(B) For those who are in poverty as a result of
joblessness, there are social programs available that
provide a minimum standard of living.
(C) Poverty statistics do not consistently agree
with earnings statistics, when each is taken as a
measure of hardship resulting from unemployment.
(D) The elderly and handicapped categories
include many who previously were employed in the
labor market.（A）
(E) Since the labor market is global in nature,
poor workers in one country are competing with poor
workers in another with respect to the level of wages
and the existence of jobs.
我选的B，因为前面不是说到low-wage 让人suffer么。。感觉如果是有补贴不就好了么。。
其实我觉得是我第二段不太知道它的意思，很难摸清楚的感觉，，Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer 主要是这句话没太懂。。
跪求NN解答~~

jianghxsir

尝试着翻译一下这句话吧。
“因为在一年中经历了阶段性失业的人数是全年失业人数的数倍，所以这些遭受强制休息的人的失业率可能比平均年失业率更高，即使只有一少部分全年失业的人真正suffer。”
举个生活中的例子，建筑工人就是会在一年中经历阶段性失业的人群，来活了就有得做，没活了就失业。假设每个月都是100个这样阶段性失业的人头数计入monthly unemployment tally，而实际上每个月失业的工人都不是同一拨人，那么actual的失业率就应当比单纯用100个人头数算出来的失业率要高。
最后一句说“只有一少部分全年失业的人真正suffer”是因为月度失业率统计中包含了part-time job的人头数，而这部分人并没有完全没有生活来源。