AB选项为什么都是因的原理啊,不能算是因的特点?例如,A是讲药物成分无害的特点,而B是讲可以中和的特点??? 到底怎么鉴别特点和原理呢。。。。
Which of the following most logically completes the passage? Using new detection techniques, researchers have found trace amounts of various medicinal substances in lakes and rivers. Taken in large quantities, these substances could have serious health effects, but they are present in quantities far too low to cause any physiological response in people who drink the water or bathe in it. Nevertheless, medical experts contend that eliminating these trace amounts from the water will have public health benefits, since __________. A. some of the medicinal substances found in lakes and rivers are harmless to humans even if taken in large quantities B. some of the medicinal substances found in lakes and rivers can counteract possible harmful effects of other such substances found there C. people who develop undesirable side effects when being treated with medicines that contain these substances generally have their treatment changed D. most medicinal substances that reach lakes or rivers rapidly break down into harmless substances E. disease-causing bacteria exposed to low concentrations of certain medicinal substances can become resistant to them 1. 由问题问法得知,此题是评估类的题目。
2. 找到前提和结论: 本题是一个结论与前提相反的题目。这种类型,完全不应该影响我们判断推理模式。让我们解释这个“however”,其实就是削弱本来原文应有的推理。 结论句是:“Eliminating these trace amounts from the water will not have public health benefits” 3. 判断推理模式: 通过前提和结论的关系,首先可以排除类比,统计枚举,和方案推理。又由前提与结论发生的逻辑时间,本题前提到结论的过程是一个较为明显的向后决策过程,现有已知事实,再判定是否除掉一些东西可以有益于公共卫生。由此可见,本题的推理模式是因果推理 前提(因)是:“水中有些成分含量足够低以至于在人们喝或者洗澡的时候不会带来任何身体的反应” 结论(果)是:“去除掉这些微量成分不会对于公共卫生有多少帮助
A. 就算大剂量摄入,有些在水中的微量元素也不会对人体造成伤害。不论大量的摄入是否会造成伤害,该选项都仅仅涉及“因”中一个词项(水中微量元素)的内在原理。不能评估因果推理模式。 B. 有些在水中的药学成分可以中和令一些水中的药学成分所带来的不健康的影响。提及了水中的药学成分,但是“因”的一个内在原理,不能形成干扰因素。 C. 当被含有水中具有的药学元素的药物治疗时,那些具有不良副作用的人都换了药。该选项也涉及了原文前提中“副作用”一项,不过是副作用产生的另外一种情况,不是“因”的干扰因素。 D. 大部分到达河流和湖泊中的药学成分都会迅速分解成无害的成分。涉及“药物成分”,但是说的是药物成分的原理,不能评估推理。 E. Correct. 治病细菌长期暴露在低浓度的药物成分下会令致病菌具有抗药性。该选项是“微量元素”的一个特殊特点,这个特点会导致我们无论水中含量多少,移除这种微量元素,都会有利于公共卫生。属于CQ2:干扰因素问题。 |