*携隐*小教室（继续回答大家的问题）

cocoabean

2.28 OG第三组逻辑图总结:

OG7 逻辑图

第一段：2个案例。

In 1896,  child had made no real economic contribution to family

in 1979,  won an award of $750,000.

第二段：对一段的解释, history of that transformation,

Z’ excellent book 正  

past: “useful” child ------ present: “useless” child & emotionally “priceless.” (引号+ 对比, 考点)

mid-1800’s,  new view of childhood spread

第三段：解释第二段, origins 复杂。

origins of this transformation were complex.  原因1, 2, 3….( 原因的小列举是考点)

Yet, 递进 + main reason: sacralization 正,  the marketplace 负

第四段：延伸性内容 explains how Zelizer’s thesis differs from that of sociological economists.

对立的观点: “sociological economics,”  solely in terms of their economic determinants.,  maximizing economic gain

Z , highly critical of this approach

OG37 逻辑简图

一. mentions evidence discovered at the Rancho La Brea tar pits

The breakage frequencies:   in present-day strikingly higher than in 36,000 to 10,000 years ago

二, 排除 原因1 demographic bias;  (负)

原2 preservational bias, absence of breakage ( absence当否定词看,)  (负)

原3 ruledout local bias ,  similar to  (负)

肯定原4 The explanation …plausible(正评价) due to more thorough consumption of carcasses

OG44逻辑简图

第一段：现象和解释。

现象: women were employed in low-paying, low-skill jobs.

解释:To explain … relied on the useful 正评价(大正) theory of human capital.

解1.Women’s role as child bearers   

解2.In addition, certain low-skill jobs, such as weaving, but not in others, such as combing or carding, (对比, 考点)

第二段：一些修正。

however, differences cannot be explained by…。(小负)  For example…

The wage difference …….because a limited number of occupations

OG47逻辑简图

一.    资本市场的变化

The function .. facilitate …all participants…., yet in practice we find that certain participants are not on a par 同等with others.

二, 只是举例, 没有其它的转折, 对比.可以略看.

For example, within minority communities, capital markets do not properly fulfill their functions;     

..do not provide access to .. funds

三. 传统的分析忽略了的一些因素, 缺点

Most traditional…Ignore负 financial markets’ deficiencies in allocation because of ..simple model .. limited attention to负   

Also, it is assumed that… same access to..and the same opportunity to. Moreover, it is assumed..

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-1 13:32:44编辑过]

vincent0330

以下是引用cocoabean在2005-3-1 13:09:00的发言：

Help: 第三组的OG47-281蒙对了, 可现在看不懂ETS的解释, 一直高不明白a questionable (可疑的, ) assumption是啥意思??? OG只是解释说 The author points out his assumption within the context of criticizing the conventional theory about financial markets. 这和 a questionable (可疑的, ) assumption (题目) 和答案 D perfectly well informed about the market 有什么联系呀???

Passage 116 (16/17) OG47-DQ116

The function of capital markets is to facilitate an exchange of funds among all participants, and yet in practice we find that certain participants are not on a par with others. Members of society have varying degrees of market strength in terms of information they bring to a transaction, as well as of purchasing power and creditworthiness, as defined by lenders.

For example, within minority communities, capital markets do not properly fulfill their functions; they do not provide access to the aggregate flow of funds in the United States. The financial system does not generate the credit or investment vehicles needed for underwriting economic development in minority areas. The problem underlying this dysfunction is found in a rationing mechanism affecting both the available alternatives for investment and the amount of financial resources. This creates a distributive mechanism penalizing members of minority groups because of their socioeconomic differences from others. The existing system expresses definite socially based investment preferences that result from the previous allocation of income and that influence the allocation of resources for the present and future. The system tends to increase the inequality of income distribution. And, in the United States economy, a greater inequality of income distribution leads to a greater concentration of capital in certain types of investment.

Most traditional financial-market analysis studies ignore financial markets’ deficiencies in allocation because of analysts’ inherent preferences for the simple model of perfect competition. Conventional financial analysis pays limited attention to issues of market structure and dynamics, relative costs of information, and problems of income distribution. Market participants are viewed as acting as entirely independent and homogeneous individuals with perfect foresight about capital-market behavior. Also, it is assumed that each individual in the community at large has the same access to the market and the same opportunity to transact and to express the preference appropriate to his or her individual interest. Moreover, it is assumed that transaction costs for various types of financial instruments (stocks, bonds, etc.) are equally known and equally divided among all community members.

?*281.    According to the passage, a questionable (可疑的, ) assumption of the conventional theory about the operation of financial markets is that     

                                                                                                                                                                                                

(A) creditworthiness as determined by lenders is a factor determining market access

(B) market structure and market dynamics depend on income distribution   

假设中没提到,应在assume中找答案

(C) a scarcity of alternative sources of funds would result from taking socioeconomic factors into consideration

(D) those who engage in financial-market transactions are perfectly well informed about the market

(E) inequalities in income distribution are increased by the functioning of the financial market

281.

This question asks you to identify a claim about conventional financial-market theory that is made

explicitly in the passage. The best answer is choice D. The author points out his assumption within

the context of criticizing the conventional theory about financial markets. Choice A is not correct

because creditworthiness is mentioned in the first paragraph of the passage, but not in the context

of assumptions made in conventional theory. Choices B and E can be eliminated: with regard to

the consideration of income distribution, the passage states only that conventional analysis tends

to pay little attention to the topic. Choice C is incorrect because the passage does not mention any

assumption on the part of conventional theory with regard to the consequence of considering

socioeconomic factors.

first of all, let's read the question carefully:

*281.    According to the passage, a questionable assumption of the conventional theory about the operation of financial markets is that     

The question asks about "a question assumption of the conventional theory about the operation of financial markets" . From here, we have to pay attention on what question want in " the operation of financial markets". Clearly, we can capture the main point in the first paragraph:

The function of capital markets is to facilitate an exchange of funds among all participants, and yet in practice we find that certain participants are not on a par with others. Members of society have varying degrees of market strength in terms of information they bring to a transaction, as well as of purchasing power and creditworthiness, as defined by lenders.

In the first sentence of the first paragraph, we can see the function of capital markets appeared in the sentence, which also means operation of the financial markets. Then we should focus on the following conjunction: and yet; here and yet play a opposite role against the ideal function of financial markets. In succeeding sentences, the author express the reality of capital markets, instead of talking about the conventional theory. Thus, Answer D definitely re-state the second sentence in order to show the contrary idea. And that's why OG say the questional assumption.

BTW, within those choices showed in the quesion, B and E mention about the income distribution; nonetheless, since we find nothing important with "income distribution", the only answer should be D: talking about the reality of the function of capital markets.

I hope those statement will be helpful......

携隐

这个题目不是很难啊。主要是要定位。你看题目：

?*281.    According to the passage, a questionable (可疑的, 不是可疑的，是有问题的，代表负评价) assumption of the conventional theory about the operation of financial markets is that  

这是名词事实定位题，因为说到了“传统理论”，所以要到原文找传统理论第一次出现的地方。在第三段。以下是原文的对应：

Most traditional 对应conventional financial-market analysis studies ignore负评价 financial markets’ deficiencies in allocation because of analysts’ inherent preferences for the simple负评价 model of perfect competition. Conventional financial analysis pays limited attention to负评价 issues of market structure and dynamics, relative costs of information, and problems of income distribution. Market participants are viewed as acting as entirely independent and homogeneous individuals with perfect foresight about capital-market behavior. Also表示下面内容与前面内容并列, it is assumed that each individual in the community at large has the same access to the market and the same opportunity to transact and to express the preference appropriate to his or her individual interest. Moreover, it is assumed that transaction costs for various types of financial instruments (stocks, bonds, etc.) are equally known and equally divided among all community members.

虽然一开始没有用assume这个词，但是后面的also和moreover都表明前面也是assume的内容。其中就有：有限的获取info的成本，意思就是大家都能够很轻易的获得需要的info。

julietbi

谢谢携隐

第21篇有一个while agree让步语气，说的是两者的共同点，第45篇好像有三个列举，而且都考到了。你只提到了两个列举？

补充二组:

No.21

让步语气：

128．

原文:（30）while agreeing that equal educational and

economic opportunities outside the home should be avail-

able for all women

No.45

举例（推断）题：

270

原文:Most existing

maps of Native American lands are reconstructions…

携隐

啊，发完才看到狗狗已经回答了～～～不过好像我和狗狗定位的地方有点不一样捏。

说实话，这道题我是一半排除一半靠背景知识的

julietbi

三组预测出题的语言现象:

No.7

例举

37

3-4 no real economic contribution to the

family

概念解释

38

11-15the concept

of the “useful” child who contributed to the family

economy

例举和总结

40．

45-50 the principle of maximizing economic gain

括号内解释内容

41．

原文：(28)companionate

family (a family in which members were united by

(30) explicit bonds of love rather than duty)

例举EXCEPT题：

42

25-31 were all factors

critical in changing the assessment of children’s worth

36-41 by the marketplace

No.37

相同强对比

232

15-17from other Pleistocene

sites were similar to the La Brea data

不同强对比

233

19-22 behavioral differences… more contact

大例举（关于解释）

In considering possible explanations for this finding

例举的逻辑题

234

10-12 demographic bias

235

12-15 preservational bias

No.44

不同强对比取非：

265

14-18 such as

weaving, but not in others, such as combing or carding,

语气和态度

267

(4) on the useful theory of human capital

(19) however, differences in pay scales that cannot be explained by the human capital

No.47

负评价：
The problem underlying this dysfunction…
traditional financial-market analysis studies ignore…
the simple model…
analysis pays limited attention…

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-1 14:59:48编辑过]

sweetdream

以下是引用cocoabean在2005-2-28 21:52:00的发言：

早晨起来先报各到, sweetdream MM的计时器我以前在电脑上装过一个版本, 但一直没有使用save功能, 刚发现好像只能保存一个时间呀, MM可不可以解释一下破解版和以前版本的区别呀? 能同时保存N个结果嘛?

谢谢

是可以保存好多条结果。比如做RC时用stop-timer计时，读完文章按snap一下(也可以先stop再snap,等你准备做题时再点start,这样计时结果可以更准确些)，把读文章所用的时间记录下来；每做完一题或做完所有题目后再snap一下，记录做题所用的时间；如此反复下来，每一组练习中各篇文章的阅读速度和做题速度都被记录在result的表格里了(这就是我所说的多项计时结果，不破解的话，只能存两条)，便于今后分析自己的做题速度。保存这个记录时，在‘More’下拉列表中选‘File’下的'save', 保存计时结果，要看时再用‘File’里的'open' 打开(有表格说明文字)。或者在“Show Results Window”中保存结果为.txt文件，下次用写字板或Word打开，但没有表格说明文字。

偶这么罗嗦，不知道MM看不看得明白？

另外，这个软件是绿色软件，不需要安装，只要在桌面或开始菜单上建个快捷键就可以用了，也不会再有叫你注册的窗口弹出了。

Ninger

好吧, 终于可以来交作业啦, 好不容易啊. 一口气交3组的, 今天咬牙补上昨天没完成的, 今天的第四组, 好象我还忘记把第二组交上, 所以一起吧. 别嫌太多就好:

第二组: 用时 40M, 错7道(夸张哈!, 第二遍啊!!, 老天爷)错题, 1, 2, 4, 117, 118, 126, 269, 其中(2, 4, 117, 126, 269 属于重复错误, 看来还是同样的问题没解决, 我还没找到问题出在哪里, 总结做的不好啊), 我回头来问

NO. 1  文章内容: 自然科学类---咖啡因的作用

TS: 文章首句: "Caffine, the stimulant in coffee, has been ...................on earth"

第二段首句: " For many years, caffines effects have been attributed to ............"

文章的类型:  现象解释型

错题１，居然主题题错

错题2, 好象无法定位, 看那么单词看不下去啊~~~~ ，　谁给讲讲？

错题4, 没有注意是EXCEPT！！！两次居然一样，　可怕啊

ＮＯ．　１９　经济类－－对顾客提供无条件满意保障

ＴＳ：文章首句："Seeking a competitive advantage, some..........have considered offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction"

文章类型：现象解释型

该题错１１７，　解释没看清楚，　回头要重看

ＮＯ．２１文章内容：　弱势群体－－妇女解放的争论

ＴＳ：文章首句："Two modes of argumentation have been on behalf of women's emancipation in Western societies"

文章主要讲西方社会妇女解放的两种不同理论，Relational Feminist VS Individual Feminist

文章类型属于现象解释型

错题：１２６，　我选了Ｃ，　应该是Ｄ

ＮＯ．４５，　文章内燃内容：自然科学－美国地图的来源形成

ＴＳ：首句：Maps made by non-Native Americans to......................

文章类型：　现象解释型

Ninger

好，　接着来：

第三组：用时４０分钟，　错５，３９，２３３，２６５，２６６（这两个是重复错），２７８

ＮＯ．７，　文章内容：社会生活类－－美国社会儿童的社会价值形式演变

ＴＳ：二段首句：＂The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of VZ's excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child.

文章类型：新老对比型（in 1896 bla bla bla VS in 1979 bla bla bla.........)

(nineteenth centruy VS present -day)

错３９

ＮＯ．３７文章内容：　自然科学类－－肉食动物的捕食动力分析

TS: 文章首句：A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late P era.

文章通过分析两种不同年代的肉食动物化石的牙齿结构，解释了肉食动物的牙齿机构形成的原因．　

文章类型：现象解释型．　

错：２３３

ＮＯ．４４，　文章内容：弱势群体－－纺织工业中的妇女地位

文章分析了妇女在１７世纪的ＦＬＯＲＥＮＴＩＮＥ，纺织工业中从事低工资，低技能工作的原由．　

ＴＳ：首句：In the seventeeth Florentine textile industry, women were employed primarily in low-paying, low-skill jobs.

文章类型：现象解释型

错：２６５，２６６

ＮＯ．４７　文章内容：经济类--资本市场的功能

文章解释了为什么资本市场的功能在一些少数民族的社区得不到正常发挥的原因, 和传统资本市场理论的缺陷

TS: 首句: The function of captial markets is to facilitate an exchage of funds among all participants, and yet in practice we find that certain participants are not on a par with others.

文章类型: 现象解释型

错 278

julietbi

我的第三组共40分,错4题

No.7-42

No.44-267

No.47-276,278