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Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government's effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

正确答案: E

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[Helr题库] prep08 逻辑笔记 2.0 版 111题的疑问

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发表于 2013-9-10 02:17:19 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
111.
Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export ofunprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domesticprocessing plants.  If the tariff werelifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmerscould profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removingthe tariff would seriously hamper the government’s effort to reduce urbanunemployment over the next five years.
Which of the following, if true, most seriouslyweakens the argument?
A. Some of the by-products of processing cashewsare used for manufacturing paints and plastics.
B. Other countries in which cashews are processedsubsidize their processing plants.
C. More people in Kernland are engaged in farmingcashews than in processing them.
D. Buying unprocessed cashews at lower than worldmarket prices enables cashew processors in Kernland to sell processed nuts atcompetitive prices.
E. A lack of profitable crops is driving anincreasing number of small farmers in Kernland off their land and into thecities.
1.     由问题问法得知,此题是评估类的题目。

2.     找到前提和结论:
结论句是:“Removingthe tariff would seriously hamper the government’s effort to reduce urbanunemployment over the next five years.”
3.     判断推理模式:
通过前提和结论的关系,首先可以排除类比,统计枚举。本题涉及一个方案,所以我们考虑一下是否是方案推理。方案是“Removingthe tariff”。不过文段并不是想评估这个方案,而是通过前提推导出这个方案实施都会造成的后果。所以该种推理模式属于因果推理。
前提(因)是:“处理腰果的都在城市中,如果拿掉出口限制,农民就可以不通过城市的处理机制直接出口到国外而获取更多的利润”
结论(果)是:“城市会有很多人失业”
4.     找到答案方向:
因果模式推理有两个CQ:
CQ1:因果概括问题。
CQ2:干扰因素问题。
因果类型的题目,答案选项必须说出一个因的导致结论可信度变化的特点或者是直接涉及到因果之间的联系。
选项分析:
A.   有些处理腰果产生的副产物可以用来制造颜料和塑料。该选项涉及的是城市处理“腰果”能带来的好处,是“因”的一个外延,不属于“因”的特点。
B.    其他处理腰果的国家会补贴他们的处理厂。该选项不涉及“因”。
C.   Kernland,种腰果的人数要多于处理腰果的人数。该选项不是“因”的特点。不论有多少人在处理腰果,只要不把腰果给他们处理,他们就有可能失业。
D.   花费低于世界平均价格来购买未处理的腰果让Kernland的人能用一个有竞争力的价格来卖处理过的腰果。该选项涉及到城市处理腰果后可以有的优势,但是不能干扰到结论的可信度。
E.    Correct. 没有足够的利润会让很多原本种腰果的农民放弃种植而到城里找工作。该选项涉及“因”的一个能导致结论可信度变化的特点。当农民出口未处理的腰果得到的利润高了,就不会再有农民向城市跑了,甚至还有城市人来种腰果,所以这个性质可能会导致城市里的竞争压力变小,失业率从而变低。显然属于CQ2:干扰因素问题。
在没有看helr的解释前,我自己的判断是:案例推理。然后通过找案例的副作用,也可以找到E选项。之前helr说:判断案例推理还是因果推理的关键是:案例推理题题干只提案例,不提评判。现在解释中又说,题目没有要评估,而是推断方案的后果。我就搞糊涂了,是不是评判题干的类型还要考虑提问方式?如果是要考虑提问方式,那么helr大神是否可以总结一下提问方式?什么样的提问方式可以推测什么样的题干类型?

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