【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障24系列】【24-14】文史哲_Ernest Hemingway

jay871750293

Official weibo: http://weibo.com/u/3476904471

hi, everyone~
Finally, after three weeks, I put up another topic named " Ernest Hemingway ", one of my favorite authors.
At the very beginning of Speed part, there is a Warm Up part, from the wikipedia, that succintly describes the whole life of Hemingway.
Then, time2-time4, including two articles, is mainly about Hemingway's strong sentiment to dozens of cats raised in his old ages.
Furthermore, Time5-time6 concerns more about the his suicide and some possible reasons.
At last, the gist of Obstacle part is the inner world of Hemingway after the failure of his first marriage.

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Part 1 Speaker

[Rephrase1]
Customer complaints

[dialog: 6:07]
Transcript:
MP3:
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/general/sixminute/2013/08/130808_6min_customer_complaints.shtml

Part 2 Speed

Article 1

[Warm up]
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of these are considered classics of American literature.

Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star, before leaving for the Italian front to enlist with the World War I ambulance drivers. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms. In 1921, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives. The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s "Lost Generation" expatriate community. The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway's first novel, was published in 1926.

After his 1927 divorce from Hadley Richardson, Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer; they divorced after he returned from the Spanish Civil War where he had been a journalist, and after which he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls. Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940; they separated when he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II. He was present at the Normandy Landings and the liberation of Paris.

Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952, Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left him in pain or ill health for much of the rest of his life. Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West, Florida (1930s) and Cuba (1940s and 1950s), and in 1959, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, where he committed suicide in the summer of 1961.
[Words: 354]
Source: Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway

Article2 (Check the title later)
When Ernest Hemingway Killed His Cat

By David Haglund | Wednesday, March 28, 2012, at 5:54 PM

[TIME2]
In his recent assessment of Ernest Hemingway for Slate, Nathan Heller complicated “the grave, macho” image that many still have of the writer, pointing to the uncertainty of the author’s early prose as an antidote.

For further complication of that image, Susan Wrynn, curator of the Hemingway collection at the JFK Library, points to newly released letters by the author. “We think of him as a hunter or as machismo image. But in the letters, we see a warmer side, like how sad he feels when he has to kill his cat.”

That particular letter, highlighted today by the ArtsBeat blog of the New York Times and in the Boston Globe, actually combines Hemingway’s swaggering macho act with what is indeed a near-heartbreaking vulnerability. In 1953, Hemingway’s cat Willie, aka Uncle Willie—who, according to Hemingway’s Cats: An Illustrated Biography, inspired one of the cats in Islands in the Stream—had been hit by a car, and Hemingway had to put him down. Someone else volunteered, but Hemingway feared the “chance of Will knowing anybody was killing him.” Hemingway got his rifle, and then some tourists drove by.

I still had the rifle and I explained to them they had come at a bad time and to please understand and go away. But the rich Cadillac psycho said, ‘We have come at a most interesting time. Just in time to see the great Hemingway cry because he has to kill a cat.
“I humiliated him as he should be humiliated,” Hemingway says of the “rich Cadillac psycho,” choosing to “omit details.” “Have had to shoot people but never anyone I knew and loved for 11 years,” he adds. “Nor anyone that purred with two broken legs.”
While the popular myth of Papa Hemingway surrounds the writer with lions and other big game, smaller felines played a larger role in the writer’s later life. By 1945, he had 23 cats, who were “treated as royalty,” according to Hemingway’s Cats, which was published in 2006. Hemingway and his fourth wife Mary called the cats “purr factories” and “love sponges.” The descendants of those cats continue to live at the old Hemingway house (a fence was erected for them after a neighbor’s complaint led to an investigation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture). Because many of Hemingway’s cats were of the six-toed variety, “Hemingway cat” has become a colloquial term for polydactyl felines. Cats also show up in Hemingway’s fiction, most notably, perhaps, in “Cat in the Rain,” from In Our Time.

If Hemingway had been a single woman rather than a married man, surely he would have been tarred as a “cat lady.” Perhaps that label would have been enough to complicate the macho, big-game-hunting image that, more than 50 years after Hemingway’s death, persists.
[Words: 464]
Source: Slate
http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2012/03/28/hemingway_kills_a_cat_in_newly_public_letter.html

Article3 (Check the title later)
Foreword of “Hemingway's Cats”

Hilary Hemingway

[TIME3]
The image most people have of Ernest Hemingway is that of a macho hunter and fisherman. In fact, most historical photographs of the great author seem to reinforce this misconception. When Carlene Fredericka Brennen asked that I write a foreword to this book on the women Hemingway loved, and his devotion to many cats and dogs, I was pleased to see that she also included her valuable scholarship on Hemingway's understanding of nature. There is no question that when Papa was hiking along winding rivers to take a fish on fly, or watching his prey in the African bush, he was always working to better his understanding of animals. He studied their natural habitat, analyzed their migration and feeding habits, watched the physical changes over their lifespan and, like John Audubon, Hemingway often killed the animals he studied. He examined them in life, and in death, and his writing always included that mystical bond between the hunter and the hunted. As Santiago expressed in The Old Man and the Sea, he had great love and admiration for the fish, even as he was determined to kill it.

But what of the animals Hemingway chose to keep at his homes? When you hear of Hemingway and Key West, you immediately imagine a yardful of six-toed cats. Why? Brennen answers this with her beautifully illustrated work that shows Papa's love for the domestic feline, as well as his canine friends.

Key West was not the only town known for Hemingway cats. In Cuba, Ernest's hilltop home, Finca Vigia [Lookout Farm], once had fifty-seven cats roaming its grounds. One of the first cats Hemingway purchased in Cuba was a Persian female named Tester that came from the Silver Dawn Cattery in Florida. Tester was renamed Princessa by the Finca staff because of her elegant nature. Later Princessa mated with Boise - whom Papa first called Dillinger - a Cuban kitten he had found in the coastal fishing village of Cojimar. By the end of the first summer, he owned three house cats: Princessa, Boise, and a half-Maltese kitten named Willy.
[Words: 347]

[TIME4]
Ernest took great pleasure in writing to his family about his cats and how they were getting along. By 1943, Ernest and third wife Martha had eleven cats at Finca Vigia. "One cat just leads to another . . ." he wrote to his first wife, Hadley Mowrer. "The place is so damned big it doesn't really seem as though there were many cats until you see them all moving like a mass migration at feeding time. . . . It is wonderful when Marty, and /or kids are here but is lonesome as a bastard when I'm here alone. I have taught Uncle Wolfer, Dillinger and Will to walk along the railings to the top of the porch pillars and make a pyramid like lions and have taught Friendless to drink with me (whiskey and milk) but even that doesn't take the place of a wife and family."

Ernest later uses his isolation from his family and his kinship with his cats as inspiration for his hero, Thomas Hudson, in his novel, Islands in the Stream. Hudson talks to his cats and was comforted by them after learning of his sons' tragic deaths in a car accident. Princessa is elegant and aristocratic, while Boise is the male cat who hunts fruit rats and is devoted to Thomas Hudson. Goats [aka Bigotes, Friendless] is the fighter and stud cat. All three cats are immortalized in this novel.

By the time Papa's fourth wife to be, Mary Welsh, moved into the Finca in 1945, Ernest had twenty-three cats and five dogs. They were treated as royalty. The cats slept in the guest bedroom and later lived in a room on the second floor of the white tower Papa had built for his pets at one end of the terrace. He and Mary called the cats "purr factories" and "love sponges" that soaked up their love and in return gave them comfort and companionship.

Among the many family letters describing his cats is one written in 1942. Ernest tells Hadley Mowrer that he had not been able to sleep the night before and had recalled a song they had composed for their cat, F. Puss, so many years earlier in Paris. It went like this, "A feather kitty's talent lies In scratching out the other's eyes. A feather kitty never dies Oh immortality." According to the letter, the Finca cats enjoyed Papa's song.

On behalf of my family, I hope you enjoy Carlene Fredericka Brennen's illustrated text on Hemingway's Cats.
[Words: 418]
http://www.hemingwayscats.com/aboutthebook/foreword.html


Article4 (Check the title later)
The Hemingways and Suicide   

by Steve King July 2, 1961

[TIME5]
On this day in 1961 Ernest Hemingway committed suicide at the age of sixty-one. There have been five suicides in the Hemingway family over four generations -- Hemingway's father, Clarence; siblings Ursula, Leicester and Ernest; granddaughter Margaux. The generation skipped was just barely: Hemingway's youngest son, Gregory, died in 2001 as a transsexual named Gloria, of causes that put a lot of strain on the term "natural."

Memoirs written by those close to Hemingway convey different impressions of his suicide. Mary Hemingway does not refuse the idea that it was a noble, destroyed-but-not-defeated act, but she stresses the sure fact that her husband was mentally ill, and getting worse. Brother Leicester chooses the heroic interpretation: "Like a samurai who felt dishonored by the word or deed of another, Ernest felt his own body had betrayed him." Having hunted with his big brother, and heard him talk about giving animals "the gift of death," Leicester believes that Hemingway chose to give it to himself. Greg categorizes his father's death as "semi-voluntary," an act born of lifelong defiance and momentary delusion.

Whatever the truth of the death, the son's memoir, Papa, provides interesting snapshots of the life. Greg was a child of Hemingway's second marriage, and his quality time with Dad came early. When Hemingway died, he hadn't seen him for a decade, since the age of nineteen. This last visit was just after the death of Greg's mother, Pauline, an event that had occurred suddenly, and about the time that Greg had gotten into trouble for taking drugs. The visit to his father's home in Cuba seemed to go well, or well enough for Greg to confide his plans for medical school, and to bring up his drug incident. "It wasn't so bad, really, Papa," he said. "No? Well, it killed Mother," said Papa.
[Words: 303]

[TIME6]
The memoir also describes moments of gentler love and honesty, and humor: Greg recalls the time Hemingway, in one of his arm-around-shoulder moods, congratulated him for his fine attempt at a short story, which Greg had cribbed word for word from Turgenev -- one of the masters his father prided himself on knowing. But there are many other moments that cast a shadow, one long enough for Greg to write that he was glad that his father was dead so "I couldn't disappoint him any more." The writing of Papa must have brought Hemingway's son some therapy or confessional relief not found elsewhere -- "I shot eighteen elephants one month, God save my soul" -- though clearly not enough, given his last years.

In 1998, Gregory's daughter, Lorian Hemingway, published her own memoir, Walk on Water. This too is a dark and troubled tale of underparenting, overdrinking and the family wrestle with suicide, in this case with a happy ending. Lorian's inheritance also included the outdoor life, her trial-by-sport moment coming not by bullfight or hunting rifle but by fishing rod. In Chapter Ten of her memoir she describes catching her first and last marlin, and gaining the understanding that "strength and courage and a whopping death wish were the banners of the true sportsman." Chapter Eleven begins:

I had visited my grandfather's grave in Ketchum the summer I had caught the marlin, arriving at the small hillside cemetery on a scalding July day, a half-finished fifth of vodka in one hand, a filter-tip cigar in the other. I'd made my way to the simple marble slab marked by a white cross, and stood swaying over the marker for a long time, expecting epiphany, resolution, a crashing, blinding flash of insight.... I wanted to say something of value to the old man, perhaps that I had met a dare he had set forth by example, but nothing came. The neck of the bottle grew hot in my hand. I tipped it to my mouth, taking a long swig, then poured the rest, a stream of booze, clear as Caribbean waters, at the head of the marker. "Here," I said, "have this," and walked away.
[Words: 364]
http://www.todayinliterature.com/stories.asp?Event_Date=7/2/1961

Part 3 Obstacle

Article5 (Check the title later)
A New Taste of Hemingway’s Moveable Feast

By Chloë Schama/ July 27, 2009

[Paraphase7]
Ernest Hemingway fans are no strangers to revisions of his life story. “Hemingway, Wife Reported Killed in Air Crash,” a New York newspaper declared seven years before he died. Hemingway read the announcement with amusement while recovering from serious but nonfatal injuries sustained in said crash.

Despite many biographies about the author, revelations about his life continue to make news. A few weeks ago, a new book, Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America, revealed that Hemingway was recruited as a spy in 1941 and met with Soviet agents in London and Havana. (Hemingway— agent “Argo”—never delivered any “political information,” according to the book.) Early this year, a new digital archive of documents and photographs salvaged from the basement of the author’s moldering home near Havana became available, and it promises a wealth of revealing tidbits.

But perhaps the most significant revision to Hemingway’s legacy comes from his own pen. Scribner recently published a “restored edition” of the author’s posthumous fictionalized memoir, A Moveable Feast. The original book was edited and given its title by Hemingway’s fourth wife, Mary, three years after Hemingway committed suicide in Ketchum, Idaho, in 1961. The new version claims to be “less edited” and “more comprehensive” than the previous, laying out the material “the author intended.” It is based on “a typed manuscript with original notations in Hemingway’s hand—the last draft of the last book that he ever worked on,” Sean Hemingway, the author’s grandson, wrote in the book’s preface.

The project was proposed by Patrick Hemingway, the son of Hemingway and Pauline Pfeiffer, the author’s second wife. There has been speculation that the revision was motivated, at least in part, by Patrick’s desire to present his mother in a more positive light. In the original version, Hemingway’s first wife, Hadley, is the undeniable hero; Pauline is the conniving interloper, befriending the lonely wife while the husband is busy working.

When Hemingway returns to his first wife and son after an illicit rendezvous with Pauline in the first version, he poignantly describes the regret that Hadley’s presence awakens: “When I saw my wife again standing by the tracks as the train came in by the piled logs at the station, I wished I had died before I ever loved anyone but her. She was smiling, the sun on her lovely face tanned by the snow and sun, beautifully built, her hair red gold in the sun, grown out all winter awkwardly and beautifully, and Mr. Bumby standing with her, blond and chunky and with winter cheeks looking like a good Vorarlberg boy.” Although this was clearly an important event, Hemingway did not include this episode in his final manuscript. Mary Hemingway was the one who placed this passage near the close of the book, where it delivers a sense of haunting finality—a glimpse of a paradise lost.

The new version reorders the chapters and includes several additional vignettes, in a separate section titled “Additional Paris Sketches," that provide a more comprehensive account of the breakup of his marriage with Hadley and the start of his relationship with Pauline. The passage quoted above is moved to this section, and there is an extended discussion of the “pilot fish” (John Dos Passos), who supposedly introduced Hemingway to a dissolute, rich crowd, greasing the wheels for his infidelity. But rather than salvage Pauline, the details in the additional material actually make the painful disintegration of the marriage more pronounced and absorbing.

According to other accounts, after Hadley discovered their romance, she insisted that Hemingway and Pauline separate in order to determine if their passion would diminish with distance. Pauline returned to her family in Arkansas; Hemingway stayed in Paris. The distance did not cool Hemingway’s desire. “All I want is you Pfife,” he wrote to her, “and oh dear god I want you so.” But neither did it diminish his guilt: “And I’m ashamed of this letter and I hate it.” Hadley—justifiably—did not excuse her wayward husband. “The entire problem belongs to you two,” she wrote to him during this period. “I am not responsible for your future welfare—it is in your hands.”

More than a reappraisal of Pauline, the restored version of A Moveable Feast is an illustration of the torture Hemingway felt over loving two women at once. “You love both and you lie and hate it,” Hemingway writes, “and it destroys you and every day is more dangerous and you work harder and when you come out from your work you know what is happening is impossible, but you live day to day as in a war.” In a section of the book called “Fragments”—transcriptions of Hemingway’s handwritten drafts—there is an anguished reiteration of this. “I hope Hadley understands,” Hemingway wrote, eight times, with only minor variation.

After one of his early short stories, “The Doctor and the Doctor’s Wife,” was published, Hemingway wrote to his father: “You see I’m trying in all my stories to get the feeling of the actual life across—not to just depict life—or criticise it—but to actually make it alive.” The profession may have been a backhanded apology for a story that many think skewered his father’s misguided sense of authority, but it could just as easily be applied to A Moveable Feast. Hemingway continued, telling his father that he wanted to make his readers “actually experience the thing. You can’t do this without putting in the bad and the ugly as well as what is beautiful.” Readers have long experienced the beautiful side of 1920s Paris—the Dôme Café, Shakespeare and Company, the bars of the Left Bank—through A Moveable Feast. Now, with a little more of the bad and the ugly, “the feeling of actual life” comes into even sharper relief.
[Words: 968]
Source: Smithsonia
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/A-New-Taste-of-Hemingways-Moveable-Feast.html

kimwang53

真巧~那我就占一个吧==$  谢谢jay~感觉最近好久没见了，jay忙啥去了

2.50
2.10
2.28
2.11
2.32

6.42

谢谢科普~

一直很喜欢海明威很有名的一句话： Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.

共勉之~

cherry6891

huosu zhanweila

Speaker :how to complain and hoe to deal with customer’s complain

Time2 1:51 Life experience of Hemingway including the family he was born in and his private life, specifically, the experience of the war form the basis for the creating the novel

Time3 2:36 a warm side of Hemingway

Time 4 2:46 cats is spirit solace

Time 56 4:03

Hemingway’s family have suicide trendy,5 people in his family suicide.

Some funny trifle in his life

Obstacle:  6:05  

Hemingway’s life time, four wifes, he want to show the actual life to reader  

f0070515

占座先 哎  还要补一期.....小分队

speed
time1 1:46
Hemingway's life (works, award, expericence and his four wivies etc.)
thme2 3:00
Hemingway killed his cat
time3 1:57
public's misconception of images of Hemingway
Hemingway's three cats
time4 2:25
Hemingway like to write to his family about his cats and how they were getting along
he use his isolation from his family and his kinship with  his cats as inspiration for his hero.
time5 2:06
Ernest's suicide
obstacle
hemingway's new taste of A Moveable Feast
revisions to hemingway
the most significant revision to Hemingway’s legacy
old version and new version
a more comprehensive account of the breakup of his marriage with Hadley and the start of his relationship with Pauline.
the seperation of Hemingway and Pauline
the writing purpoes of Hemingway (actually experience the thing)

sophia王晗

好久没占座了，占一个先
2'47.46''the place of Hemingway in the literature history of America, where Hemingway was born and his life experience on his works, brief inroduce of his life
2'57.37''a newly publiced letter uncovered the warmer side of Hemingway, the letter is about his  killing of his beloved cat, in his later life he raised lot of cats
2'18.28''Hemingway learned the nature of all kinds of animals and the begining of his raising of cats
2'16.02''letters depict all the story about Hemingway and his cat
2'05.33''there has five suicide in four generations of Hemingway's family, the reasons of his suicide hold by people, his son's visiting him
2'20.34''his son's memoir about his father and his daughter's memoir which is also dark but has a happy ending, the detail of the tenth and eleventh chapter
obstacle:
5'29.31''
a lot of depict about Hemingway and some were too ridiculars but the most significant one is from his own pen
the story that he met his another lover while he was still married with one of his life and all his feeling which is so strong of the love and the guilty at the same time
he wrote to his father that he want all the readers to feel the real life rather than just stories

疏离无罪

求教各位NN，完全抓不住文史哲类文章的逻辑，结构怎么办
经济，科技都没什么大问题

01:27
A general intriduction of Hemingway focused on his works and his life.

02:19
The stroy between Hemingway and his cat shows a different images of him.
Hemingway had a more intense connection to cats in his later life.

01:34
People have a misconception on Hemingway that he is a macho hunter and fisherman.But Hemingway actually loves nature and animals and loves to study animals,this love showed in his writings.
And Hemingway loves domestic feline,especially cats.

02:03
Hemingway always talked about his cats in the letter that he wrote to his family.And all these things showes his great love for the animals and nature.

01:42
Hemingway committed suicide in 1961.And there were four people did the same thing in his family.His suicide is attributed to a mental illness.And so did his son, Greg.

01:59
The memoir of Hemingway's son and granddaughter shows something about the suicide and the family.
Time 6 最后段完全不懂啊

Obstacle
05:12
Hemingway's emotion experience with his several wifes were exposed in his own memoir that was published.
Hemingways wanted to make his readers feel the actual life by his stories.

lytymay

0. 02:12
hemingway‘s writing style: understanded and economical → big influence.
his published book: novel, collection, non-fiction
nobel
his life and his four marriages：
where and how he grew up
he attend the first world war . the experience in the army influence his writing style a lot.
his habitats
his four wifes

1. 2:58
hemingway love cat
have to kill his own cat
illustrate the photo

2. 2:05
hemingway and nature
he love animals while he killed them
his pets are cat
the cat he kept

3. 1:45
the cat hemingway kept from the third wife to the forth
the influence the life with cat making on his literature and normal life

4. 1:55
suicide ， four generation
hemingway’s brother felt hemingway‘s lead of suicide is because when hunting，hemingway described death as the gift of death
it seems that he believes his body had betrayed himself
his son's suicide

5. 2:14
greg spent some warm time with hemingway
gerg's doughter published her book, also something about low down emotion,the suicide still around
in all, poor hemingway family.

obstacle
6:28
hemingway‘s life story
his wife
the relationship with his first wife
the influence
the masterpiece that write “a feeling of actual life”


对海明威没什么了解 老人与海都没看过 丧钟为谁而鸣 也不过只知道一个书名 读起来有点费力哈哈==
不过对于作家的八卦野史……倒是颇有……兴趣……

sherlock1992

deal with complaint with consutomers, useful words.
SPEAKING:
This article mainly talks about the how to deal with the complaint with customers in a useful way and how to describe your problem in a effective way.
TIME1-2′01″<354>
Introduce EH's writing style and influence for the America as well as the world.
EH's born place, what influencs most for him, different life stages with different wife and published different books in different places. In the last, EH commint suicide.
TIME2-2′35″<464>
This part mainly talked the cat of EH.
TIME3-1′45″<347>
TIME4-1′48″<418>
the realtionships between EH's family&cats
TIME5-1′43″<303>
the reason of EH's suicide and ensuing influence it brings.
TIME6-2′10″<364>
the offsprings decribe EH in their eyes.
OBSTACLE-5′36″ <968>
EH enjoys the news of his inflight crash.
EH's emotions with his several wives.

Kya

占座。。

1’’41

The brief of the Hemingway’s life, he wrote lots of work andmarried 4 different women. He also won the Nobel prize, but he suffered a lotfrom the ill and pains in the rest of his life.

1’’59

The sentimental  aspect of Hemingway, he had great respect foranimals, and his love for  those animalswas reflected in his work.

He kept a little cat in the home.

2’’01

Hemingway’s cats were  accompanied with him, just  like members of his family, when he was alone,cats could comforted him. Cats were also the inspiration of his work

He even couldn’t sleep if not song for his cats.

1’’50

Hemingway killed himself in 61 years old and there were 4suicide in Hemingway’s family. His wife admitted that he was mentally ill.

1’’58

The other family  members’ view on Hemingway, including  positive and passive memories.

OB下次补上。。滚去看CR折腾智商去了。。。Ｔ．Ｔ

Mint静默

24-14

Speaker

How to complain.

Role paly is interesting~

Warm up 2’05’’

Brief introduction of Hemingway

T2 3’08’’

T3 2’11’’

The misconception of and the new image of Hemingway

T4 2’30’’

T5 1’54’’

T6 2’19’’

生词：

Memoir ['memwɑː]

n. 回忆录；研究报告；自传；实录

Confessional [kən'feʃ(ə)n(ə)l]

n. 忏悔室；告解室

adj. 忏悔的；自白的

Cemetery ['semɪtrɪ]

n. 墓地；公墓

Scald [skɔːld]

vt. 烫伤；烫洗；加热；晒焦

vi. 烫伤；烫洗；煮沸

n. 烫伤；烫洗