prep08 75题 不应该是方案型的呀

Spencer125

Whichof the following, if true, most logically completes the reasoning in thepassage?

Kernland’sgovernment restricts the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure alow-cost supply for domestic processing plants. Though the policy constrains farm income and limits the number offarmers who can profitably grow cashews, the government defends it on thegrounds that, since the processing plants are in urban areas, removing therestrictions would hurt efforts to reduce urban unemployment.  However, the policy may actually havecontributed to urban unemployment, since __________.

A.a lack of profitable crops is driving many small cashew farmers in Kernland offtheir land and into the cities

B.some of the by-products of cashew processing are used as raw materials by otherindustries located in Kernland’s cities

C.the government does not place similar restrictions on the export of any cropother than cashews

D.the income earned by workers in the processing plants is generally greater thanthat earned by agricultural laborers in rural areas

E.without governmental aid in some form, Kernland’s cashew processing plantswould not be able to compete for sales in world markets

Helr说本题是方案型。但看看黄字体标记部分，这不是明显是方案的论证吗？我们说方案型问题是“有目标，有决策，没论证，待评估”。这不和Helr总结相矛盾了吗？

Vivian1091

removing therestrictions would hurt efforts to reduce urban unemployment. 在这句话里面，
方案是removing there strictions 。
hurt efforts to reduce啥啥啥，是目标，或者说是目标的反面

Spencer125

Vivian1091 发表于 2013-8-8 14:05
removing therestrictions would hurt efforts to reduce urban unemployment. 在这句话里面，
方案是remov ...

嗯。谢谢你了    感觉helr方法中因果模型。CQ1. 因果联系。 CQ2.干扰项。 他很多选项说要么归于CQ1.要么归于CQ2 有些含糊。  你总结中喝醉酒的那个例子，到时挺形象的。

Vivian1091

其实我现在搞得最不懂的就是 因果中的 这两个 CQ。。。惭愧啊。我准备把逻辑笔记中的因果推理类的题 全部拿出来 再体会一遍。  还分不清楚 就把 所有涉及到 CQ1的放到一起看，所有涉及CQ2的放到一起看，找相同点。  加油啊！

Spencer125

Vivian1091 发表于 2013-8-8 15:00
其实我现在搞得最不懂的就是 因果中的 这两个 CQ。。。惭愧啊。我准备把逻辑笔记中的因果推理类的题 全部拿 ...

其实，也许Helr总结CQ1 和 CQ2有时界限也很模糊。但只要能作对题就行了。希望此方法能解一切逻辑题。  迩有时间看看这道OG题，如何用helr方法解答：


In the country of Veltria, the past two year's broad economic recession has included a business downturn in the closing trade, where sales are down by about 7 percent as compared to two years ago. Clothing wholesalers have found , however, that the proportion of credit extended to retailers that was paid off on time fell sharply  in the first year of the recession but returned to its prerecession level in the second year.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the change between the first and the second year of the recession in the proportion of credit not paid off on time?

A. The total amount of credit extended to retailers by clothing wholesalers increased between the first year of the recession and the second year.

B. Between the first year and the second year of the recession, clothing retailers in Veltria saw many of their costs, rent and utilities in particular, increase.

C. Of the considerable number of clothing retailers in Veltria who were having financial difficulties before the start of the recession, virtually all were forced to go out of business during its first year.

D. Clothing retailers in Veltria attempted to stimulate sales in the second year of the recession by discounting merchandise.

E. Relatively recession-proof segments of the clothing trade, such as work clothes, did not suffer any decrease in sales during the first year of the recession.

答案是C。

Vivian1091

In the country of Veltria, the past two year's broad economic recession has included a business downturn in the closing trade, where sales are down by about 7 percent as compared to two years ago. Clothing wholesalers have found , however, that the proportion of credit extended to retailers that was paid off on time fell sharply  in the first year of the recession but returned to its prerecession level in the second year.
排除方案类比统计。
con：=因=让你选
p：=果=现象= that the proportion of credit extended to retailers that was paid off on time fell sharply  in the first year of the recession but returned to its prerecession level in the second year.
果因。两个CQ，因果链，或者是，为果找他因。这道题看问法就是让你选因的。对于这类型的题，因为题目中已经把推理类型给你的很清楚了，就是让你选因，所以分出推理模式确实没多大用。

Spencer125

Vivian1091 发表于 2013-8-8 15:12
In the country of Veltria, the past two year's broad economic recession has included a business down ...

嗯，你分析还是很犀利嘛~~ 再次感谢。表佩服~~~

Vivian1091

我觉得你刚说的那道题跟下面这道题是一样的。题目的问法 就把推理模式的CQ限定了。逻辑笔记中101题这个例子 也是这样，限定是方案推理中的有效性的CQ。（关于方案推理中的前两个CQ的命名方法我跟笔记中有不一样的观点，我认为方案推理中的CQ1应该叫方案有效性，CQ2应该叫方案可行性，因为我觉得方案可行性指的是 方案实施之前质疑方案本身是否能达到目的）
101.       

Crowding on Mooreville’s subway frequently leads to delays, because it is difficult for passengers to exit from the trains.  Over the next ten years, the Mooreville Transit Authority projects that subway ridership will increase by 20 percent.  The authority plans to increase the number of daily train trips by only 5 percent over the same period.  Officials predict that this increase is sufficient to ensure that the incidence of delays due to crowding does not increase.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for the officials’ prediction?

A. The population of Mooreville is not expected to increase significantly in the next ten years.
B. The Transit Authority also plans a 5 percent increase in the number of bus trips on routes that connect to subways.
C. The Transit Authority projects that the number of Mooreville residents who commute to work by automobile will increase in the next ten years.
D. Most of the projected increase in ridership is expected to occur in off-peak hours when trains now are sparsely used.
E. The 5 percent increase in the number of train trips can be achieved without an equal increase in Transit Authority operational costs.

1.        由问题问法得知，此题是评估类的题目。

2.        找到前提和结论：

结论句是一个目标：“to ensure that the incidence of delays due to crowding does not increase.”

另外需要关注的一点是，本题在结论句中出现了is sufficient to，这表示该题将答案选项给我们限定在了评估方案可行性的层面上。

3.        判断推理模式：

首先排除类比和统计枚举，由于原文中涉及提出一个方案，所以我们理应考虑是否是方案推理。 原文中方案并没有被评估过，所以该推理为方案推理。

前提（方案）是：“同期增加5%的地铁流量”
结论（目标）是：“为了保证由于拥挤而带来的延时不再增加”

Spencer125

Vivian1091 发表于 2013-8-8 16:48
我觉得你刚说的那道题跟下面这道题是一样的。题目的问法 就把推理模式的CQ限定了。逻辑笔记中101题这个例子 ...

我现在被搞糊涂了。结论说 this increase is sufficient to ensure that the incidence of delays due to crowding does not increase.  这不是已经评估了这个方案好吗？ 它说了 这个方案足以确保。。。 这个方案不是已经被评估了吗？ 所以不应该是方案型推理呀？

Vivian1091

说方案足以确保目标达到，并没有说 怎么个确保 法啊。 说到底，题目还是只给出了 方案，和结论，并且很自信的说方案可以达成结论。这就是题目的完整意思。举个例子：

我说你只要上CD就能考gmat800。你上CD了就 确保你 考800,。你上 CD 一定能考800。问削弱
aim：gmat800
plan:上CD
这个就是方案评估，因为就给了你aim和plan，没有给中间的桥梁；
削弱的答案可以是：
CQ1：方案的有效性。你上了CD也考不了800，因为CD上资料质量参差不齐，你没有时间和经验筛选出对你有用的资料并加以利用。
CQ2：方案的可行性。我家没网，我上不了CD.
CQ3：否定性副作用。我上了CD，我也相信我能考800，但是我被电脑辐射的满脸痘痘！（我现在就是！）所以我有可能就不采纳这个方案
CQ4：冲突目标（稀少）这个至今我还没遇到题。我的理解就是 你考800这个目标有问题。考700就能行了么，干嘛那么固执。人可以执着，不能固执。（扯远了）

我说你上了CD，就能看到牛人的帖子，从中总结规律，应用到自己做题中，就能考800.问削弱
这个就是因果推理，。
con：上了CD你就能考800
p：你上CD就能看到牛人的帖子，就能总结规律，就能自己用到做题中去
CQ1：因果链。即使你做到了P中说的每一项，但是你心态差，或者你人品差，你还是考不了800.
CQ2：因中影响果的特点改变。我上了CD看到牛人的帖子，我也不会总结规律。或者说我总结了规律，我也不会应用到自己做题中。

果因推理
好多人考了800噢耶，咋回事？因为他们上CD了！
p=果=好多人考了800
con=因=他们都上了CD
CQ1：因果链。上CD跟考800根本就没联系，因为好多考800的人家里都没网。
CQ2：找他因。考了800那是因为运气好，心态好，人品好，本来就学得好，基础好，就是跟上CD没关系。

建议：
你看方案推理的时候，对“评估”这俩字的理解，不要停留在理解 中文意思上，把涉及方案的 ，最后判断 是方案推理的，和最后判断不是方案推理的，都拿出来 ，把是的归一类，不是的归一类，先看类比，再对比。理解上的东西 ，只有靠自己总结。因为每个人 都是不同的，思维不同，逻辑不同，你要根据自己的特点，找到最适合自己的理解角度。

我很啰嗦，有木有！