真心求救各位大牛

stoneyu

小弟我最近猛刷阅读，好歹有了点起色，基本OG错1个或不错。不过下面这篇把我彻底打败了。。。第一读完以后不太知道文章在讲什么，第二基本所有的题目都毫无头绪，是我太弱了嘛。求教各位大牛，能否大概解析一下文章结构，并帮我定位分析一下没道题目，我说实话是毫无头绪，基本是蒙的了。括号内是正解，鄙人只对了一个。

Historians sometimes forget that history is continually beingmade and experienced before it is studied, interpreted, and read. These latteractivities have their own history, of course, which may impinge in unexpectedways on public events. It is difficult to predict when “new pasts” willoverturn established historical interpretations and change the course ofhistory.In the fall of 1954, for example, C. Vann Woodward delivered alecture series at the University of Virginia which challenged the prevailingdogma concerning the history, continuity, and uniformity of racial segregationin the South. He argued that the Jim Crow (Jim Crow: n. 〈贬〉黑人) laws of the late nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies not only codified traditional practice but also were a determinedeffort to erase the considerable progress made by Black people during and afterReconstruction in the 1870’s. This revisionist view of Jim Crow legislationgrew in part from the research that Woodward had done for the NAACP legalcampaign during its preparation for Brownv. Board of Education. The Supreme Court had issued its ruling in thisepochal desegregation case a few months before Woodward’s lectures.The lectures were soon published as a book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Tenyears later, in a preface to the second revised edition, Woodward confessedwith ironic modesty that the first edition “had begun to suffer under some ofthe handicaps that might expected in a history of the American Revolutionpublished in 1776.” That was a bit like hearing Thomas Paine apologize for thetiming of his pamphlet Common Sense,which had a comparable impact. Although CommonSense also had a mass readership, Paine had intended to reach and inspire:he was not a historian, and thus not concerned with accuracy or the dangers ofhistorical anachronism. Yet, like Paine, Woodward had an unerring sense of therevolutionary moment, and of how historical evidence could undermine themythological tradition that was crushing the dreams of new socialpossibilities. Martin Luther King, Jr., testified to the profound effect of The Strange Career of Jim Crow on the civil rights movement by praising thebook and quoting it frequently.

stoneyu

题目：
1.        The “new pasts” mentioned in line 6 can best be described as the
(A) occurrence of events extremely similar to past events
(B) history of the activities of studying, interpreting, and reading new historical writing
(C) change in people’s understanding of the past due to more recent historical writing
(D) overturning of established historical interpretations by politically motivated politicians（C）
(E) difficulty of predicting when a given historical interpretation will be overturned

2.        It can be inferred from the passage that the “prevailing dogma” (line 10) held that
(A) Jim Crow laws were passed to give legal status to well-established discriminatory practices in the South
(B) Jim Crow laws were passed to establish order and uniformity in the discriminatory practices of different southern states
(C) Jim Crow laws were passed to erase the social gains that Black people had achieved since Reconstruction
(D) the continuity of racial segregation in the South was disrupted by passage of Jim Crow laws（D）
(E) the Jim Crow laws of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were passed to reverse the effect of earlier Jim Crow laws

3.        Which of the following is the best example of writing that is likely to be subject to the kinds of “handicaps” referred to in line 27?
(A) A history of an auto manufacturing plant written by an employee during an auto-buying boom
(B) A critique of a statewide school-desegregation plan written by an elementary school teacher in that state
(C) A newspaper article assessing the historical be importance of a United States President written shortly after the President has taken office
(D) A scientific paper describing the benefits of a certain surgical technique written by the surgeon who developed the technique（C）
(E) Diary entries narrating the events of a battle written by a soldier who participated in the battle

4.        The passage suggests that C. Vann Woodward and Thomas Paine were similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
(A) Both had works published in the midst of important historical events.
(B) Both wrote works that enjoyed widespread popularity.
(C) Both exhibited an understanding of the relevance of historical evidence to contemporary issues.
(D) The works of both had a significant effect on events following their publication.（E）
(E) Both were able to set aside worries about historical anachronism in order to reach and inspire.

5.        The attitude of the author of the passage toward the work of C. Vann Woodward is best described as one of
(A) respectful regard
(B) qualified approbation (approbation: n.官方批准, 认可, 嘉许)
(C) implied skepticism
(D) pointed criticism（B）
(E) fervent advocacy

6.        Which of the following best describes the new idea expressed by C. Vann Woodward in his University of Virginia lectures in 1954?
(A) Southern racial segregation was continuous and uniform.
(B) Black people made considerable progress only after Reconstruction.
(C) Jim Crow legislation was conventional in nature.
(D) Jim Crow laws did not go as far in codifying traditional practice as they might have.（E）
(E) Jim Crow laws did much more than merely reinforce a tradition of segregation.

cician

么西么西，首先恭喜你的进步，其次开始做题吧，因为我一般不遇到main idea就不会刷原文先，所以咱们直接看题，我刚才做的时候，第二题做错了，我现在把我刚才的思路都写下来，希望我的思路能给你一些帮助，但是不是标答哦～

第一题：找到原文的“new pasts”看看那句话：很难预计当“new pasts”怎么样。问题问new pasts 是什么，而不是new pasts 怎么样，new pasts的定义应该在上一句话里（不可能先说一个东西干嘛了再说一个东西是什么啊～）直接从头开始读了：历史学家有时忘记历史是不停被创造的并且经历了在被研究之前（就是在你能研究历史之前，这些历史已经发生了）被分析、阅读之前。这些后来的活动（显然是研究分析阅读历史的活动）有它们自己的历史（研究历史的过程自成历史）当然，这些历史也许会怎么样在未能预料的方式在公共事情里。  读完以后发现，还是不知道new past是什么，没办法，还是读一下这些new pasts怎么了来帮助一下理解吧： 很难预测当np 会颠覆已有的历史推测并且改变历史进程。理解成这样，去看选项。可以排除ABE了吧至少？CD之间C更好，因为D里的politicians没有提到。

第二题，题目说推测，证明原文没有明确说出。找回原文prevailing dogma 那句的大意要看看：在什么时候，例子。CVW这人发了什么书，在这个学校挑战了  prevailing dogma关于历史、延续和持续of民族分裂的在南方。这句可以大概明白，prevailing dogma这东西的内容大概就是历史、延续和持续of民族分裂。应该能回答问题了。一看选项蒙了，每个选项都有Jim Crow.刚才没有读到JC，但刚才看到下一句提到了Jim Crow,只好硬着头皮去看下一句。看之前要知道，因为CVW这人是反对 prevailing dogma的，所以JC认为是怎样的，pd主张的就是相反的。我们看这句：He argued that the Jim Crow  laws of the late nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies not only codified traditional practice but also were a determinedeffort to erase the considerable progress made by Black people during and afterReconstruction in the 1870’s.
CWV这人说，JC法律of什么时候的，不光怎样了（好像是否定）传统而且是重要的对于消除黑人作出的努力在什么时候。。。回去看选项，发现不觉得看第二句有什么贡献。反思了一下可能第一次判断的定位句是对的，于是按照刚才定位的前一句做题，记着就是历史、延续和持续of民族分裂这么回事，可以勉强选出D。（虽然我刚才选了B）

cician

第三题，问哪个是最好的handicaps的例子，要知道handicaps是什么东西就行了，找回handicaps那句。
Tenyears later, in a preface to the second revised edition, Woodward confessedwith ironic modesty that the first edition “had begun to suffer under some ofthe handicaps that might expected in a history of the American Revolutionpublished in 1776.”
十年后，在卷首语of第二版，W做了一个讽刺性的什么说第一版“已经被一些handicaps怎么样了（受罪，类似批判什么的）这些handicaps会在哪里找到呢？也许在美国历史变革这书里” 回去看选项，哪个离美国历史变革最近？可能很容易排除ABD，如果剩下CE，但E没有C好。E只是一场战争里的。。。


第四题，问这两个人有什么不同。回去看看，在文章最后那一部分。
看看一些开头的词，我先看到了yet,结果后边竟然是象pan一样。。之后看到了although,这句就是定位点
Although CommonSense also had a mass readership, Paine had intended to reach and inspire:he was not a historian, and thus not concerned with accuracy or the dangers ofhistorical anachronism.
Although紧接的是同，看逗号后边，是异。paine想要启发，他不是历史学家，没有精确性和历史什么。。看选项。应该很容易选出E

cician

第五题：问作者对woodward这人的态度，根据刚才读到的关于他的书的内容，说到他在第二版“反讽”怎样，应该知道作者对其是正面态度，看选项，杀掉CDE。B和A比，刚才读两个作者的区别的时候说到，区别是paine不够严谨因为不是历史学家。也就是说woodward可以说是历史学家很严谨，所以选B。如果不这么做，回到原文中部也可以看到严格的证据支持“政府认可”
第六题：问woodward这人在那个大学里提出的新观点，找回In the fall of 1954, for example, C. Vann Woodward delivered alecture series at the University of Virginia which challenged the prevailingdogma concerning the history, continuity, and uniformity of racial segregationin the South. 这句。下一句是讲woodward说了什么的，所以读下一句：He argued that the Jim Crow (Jim Crow: n. 〈贬〉黑人) laws of the late nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies not only codified traditional practice but also were a determinedeffort to erase the considerable progress made by Black people during and afterReconstruction in the 1870’s.这一句刚才读过了，回去看选项：A是prevailing dogma的内容，杀。B文章没交代，它说那么绝对，杀。C，不知道，似乎没说过，D，也似乎没说过这回事。E说它们所作的不只是这么一件事，原文说他们做了ot only codified traditional practice but also were a determinedeffort to erase the considerable progress made by Black people during and afterReconstruction in the 1870’s.这么一堆事，所以E最好了。

cician

现在再回头看看文章结构，刚开始交代了背景，说下历史和研究历史的历史什么的，后来仔细谈了两个作者的事情，别的我也没读出来啦，我去跑步啦哟吼吼～祝你好运

laihong

Historians sometimes forget that history is continually being made and experienced before it is studied, interpreted, and read.  These latter activities have their own history, of course, which may impinge in unexpected ways on public events.  It is difficult to predict when “new pasts” will overturn established historical interpretations and change the course of history.

In the fall of 1954, for example, C. Vann Woodward delivered a lecture series at the University of Virginia which challenged the prevailing dogma concerning the history, continuity, and uniformity of racial segregation in the South. He argued that the Jim Crow (Jim Crow: n. 〈贬〉黑人) laws of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries not only codified traditional practice but also were a determined effort to erase the considerable progress made by Black people during and after Reconstruction in the 1870’s. This revisionist view of Jim Crow legislation grew in part from the research that Woodward had done for the NAACP legal campaign during its preparation for Brown v. Board of Education. The Supreme Court had issued its ruling in this epochal desegregation case a few months before Woodward’s lectures.The lectures were soon published as a book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Ten years later, in a preface to the second revised edition, Woodward confessed with ironic modesty that the first edition “had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might expected in a history of the American Revolution published in 1776.” That was a bit like hearing Thomas Paine apologize for the timing of his pamphlet Common Sense,which had a comparable impact. Although Common Sense also had a mass readership, Paine had intended to reach and inspire:he was not a historian, and thus not concerned with accuracy or the dangers of historical anachronism. Yet, like Paine, Woodward had an unerring sense of the revolutionary moment, and of how historical evidence could undermine the mythological tradition that was crushing the dreams of new social possibilities. Martin Luther King, Jr., testified to the profound effect of The Strange Career of Jim Crow on the civil rights movement by praising the book and quoting it frequently.

看绿色的字体是怎么前后对照的，你就知道结构了。

红色那些地方就是重要的，答案就可以从这些地方找出来。

stoneyu

感谢各位老大，果然很受教，特别是对于1776那个题目的分析，醍醐灌顶

fighting233

这篇文章的第五题中，官方认可的话是哪一句？
The Supreme Court had issued its ruling in this epochal desegregation case a few months before Woodward’s lectures.
这句话怎么理解？我理解成：最高法院刚签发法律没几个月，cvw这个人就开了讲座？
求各位大神讲解。

fighting233

还有第六题的a。“种族隔离是连续并且一致的”，这个不就是CVW的观点吗？@cician 认为这个是prevailing的观点，但是prevailing认为种族隔离被打断了（第二题答案）
求解答