请大神Helr解答

erintan06

Companies adopting a piece work bonus system pay individual bonuses for daily output above the standard. Among machine tool manufacturing companies last year, those employing a piece work bonus system displayed on average the same output per worker as those without such a system in place.
If, on the basis of the evidence above, it is argued that piece work bonus systems have no positive effect on output per worker, which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument?

(A) Outcomes similar to those cited for machine tool manufacturing companies have been observed in other industries where piece work bonus systems have been adopted.
(B) Among companies employing a piece work bonus system, costs other than labor costs, such as research and development, make up a smaller relative proportion of the total cost of each unit of output.
(C) Because the introduction of a piece work bonus system significantly alters a worker's relationship to his or her employer, negotiating the introduction of a piece work bonus system is complicated and time-consuming,
(D) Over the past five years, most machine tool manufacturing companies have boosted performance either by modernizing production equipment or by adopting a piece work bonus system, but not both.
(E) Among workers in the machine tool manufacturing industry, those employed by companies utilizing a piece work bonus system earn no more money overall, including bonuses, than do those working for companies without such a system in place.

请问Helr老师，这道题应该是用什么的推理模式呢？
做题的时候，我一开始采用的是类比，但是发现这道题和下面这道题很像：
Installing scrubbers in smokestacks and switching to cleaner-burning fuel are the two methods available to Northern Power for reducing harmful emissions from its plants. Scrubbers will reduce harmful emissions more than cleaner-burning fuels will. Therefore, by installing scrubbers, Northern Power will be doing the most that can be done to reduce harmful emissions from its plants.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A)Switching to cleaner-burning fuel will not be more expensive than installing scrubbers.
(B)Northern Power can choose from among various Kinds of scrubbers, some of which are more effective than others.
(C)Northern Power is not necessarily committed to reducing harmful emissions from its plants.
(D)Harmful emissions from Northern Power's plants cannot be reduced more by using both methods together than by the installation of scrubbers alone.
(E)Aside from harmful emissions from the smokestacks of its plants, the activities of Northern Power do not cause significant air pollution

但是我本人还是觉得如果用因果关系的话，那么
前提（因）： those employing a piece work bonus system displayed on average the same output per worker as those without such a system in place
结论（果）：piece work bonus systems have no positive effect on output per worker

但是没有发现哪个选项是按照CQ来出的。请问Helr老师怎么分析这道题呢？

chao88622

恩，学习了！

刚劲小职员

答案是什么呢

Helr

又用这种点名的手段。。。sigh。。。

首先我先来回答第一个问题:

这道题目不是类比推理也不是因果推理。咱们在看一道题目是什么推理前，不能盲目的先猜一个，一定要充分理解这个题目内在的逻辑关系属于哪一类。

比如这个题目：先有一个 a piece work bonus system，然后发现用这个系统的公司比没用这个系统的公司来说，员工产出没有改变。 因此，这个系统没用

我加粗的部分是结论。我抽象一些说这个题目：“去年，有A的公司都B，因此 A导致B” ------这里A是“work bonus system”，B是产出没变。
如果你能得出这一步，相信就能确定这是“相关---因果”推理模式了。你可以再看看选项有没有符合CQ方向的。

对于后一道题，也不是类比推理，而是因果推理。你可以自己尝试分析一下。注意，不是有比较就叫类比，类比的核心是基于两者的相似点给出两者另外一个相似点。

Hope that helps