[求助]从xdf的一个passage看阅读题的做题思路

birdie

Passage 2
      Woodrow Wilson was referring to the liberal
idea of the economic market when he said that
the free enterprise system is the most efficient
economic system. Maximum freedom means
(5) maximum productiveness; our “openness” is to
be the measure of our stability. Fascination with
this ideal has made Americans defy the “Old
World” categories of settled possessiveness versus
unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention
(10) versus the cupidity of seizure, a “status quo”
defended or attacked. The United States, it was
believed, had no status quo ante. Our only “sta-
tion” was the turning of a stationary wheel, spin-
ning faster and faster. We did not base our
(15) system on property but opportunity---which
meant we based it not on stability but on mobil-
ity. The more things changed, that is, the more
rapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would
be. The conventional picture of class politics is
(20) composed of the Haves, who want a stability to
keep what they have, and the Have-Nots, who
want a touch of instability and change in which
to scramble for the things they have not. But
Americans imagined a condition in which spec-
(25) ulators, self-makers, runners are always using the
new opportunities given by our land. These eco-
nomic leaders (front-runners) would thus he
mainly agents of change. The nonstarters were
considered the ones who wanted stability, a
(30) strong referee to give them some position in the
race, a regulative hand to calm manic specula-
tion; an authority that can call things to a halt,
begin things again from compensatorily stag-
gered “starting lines.”
(35)   “Reform” in America has been sterile because
it can imagine no change except through the
extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclu-
sion of competitors, “a piece of the action,” as it
were, for the disenfranchised. There is no
(40) attempt to call off the race. Since our only sta-
bility is change, America seems not to honor the
quiet work that achieves social interdependence
and stability. There is, in our legends, no hero-
ism of the office clerk, no stable industrial work
(45) force of the people who actually make the system
work. There is no pride in being an employee
(Wilson asked for a return to the time when
everyone was an employer). There has been no
boasting about our social workers---they are
(50) merely signs of the system’s failure, of opportu-
nity denied or not taken, of things to be elimi-
nated. We have no pride in our growing
interdependence, in the fact that our system can
serve others, that we are able to help those in
(55) need; empty boasts from the past make us
ashamed of our present achievements, make us
try to forget or deny them, move away from
them. There is no honor but in the Wonderland
race we must all run, all trying to win, none
(60) winning in the end (for there is no end).

以上是XDF63篇阅读中的第二篇，看了好几遍都摸不着头脑，郁闷ing，请各位XDJM以此题为例指教一下阅读思路！[/face]

问题：
看了花儿的阅读总结，说是每篇文章的第一段必须详读，以后每一段的段首第一句要详读，文章结尾的最后一句也要详读，可是就上面那篇passage来看，一共才两段，而且每一段都是巨长无比，按花儿的办法详读第一段、做笔记，第二段差不多也算详读了，每句句子分开看都能看懂，可是合成一篇文章之后就不知所云了。

1.就上面这篇文章来看，作者的观点在哪里体现？
2.文中所用的比喻，如runner、referee之类的跟观点有什么关系？或者说如何来说明观点？
3.文章的第一、第二段之间是什么关系？
4.第二段中哪句话是总结作者观点的？
5.这类文章应该怎么读？
6.考试中短文章一般多少行？长文章一般多少行？象上面这个passage从难度上看是难，还是易？

linlin315

问题：
看了花儿的阅读总结，说是每篇文章的第一段必须详读，以后每一段的段首第一句要详读，文章结尾的最后一句也要详读，可是就上面那篇passage来看，一共才两段，而且每一段都是巨长无比，按花儿的办法详读第一段、做笔记，第二段差不多也算详读了，每句句子分开看都能看懂，可是合成一篇文章之后就不知所云了。

有关花儿的方法曾经试过，不过现在放弃了！！

mike1999

从第二段作者流露出的语气(empty boast,L67)和他对竞技场的比喻的描述可以看出他对WILSON的观点持负态度,也就是说反对过度的自由制度.
一个竞技场的比喻:人们都在其中跑,但根本没有终点,谁也不能成为胜利者,反映了作者的观点:自由过度,缺乏调控.
L71-73,尽管没有回报,人们仍然在奔跑,明确支出人们不停的参与竞争不是因为有回报,而是不得不如此.
第一段是提出一个观点,和一些背景情况,第二段反驳这个观点.
第二段首句和末句都是观点的体现.

这类文章该怎么读还怎么读,关键是提炼能力.
短文30-40行不等,也有可能20-30,长文70-100都有.着这片属于难的文章.

linlin315

试试啊！！^-^
3.文章的第一、第二段之间是什么关系？
第一段：先提出WW的观点，提出作者的观点we did not base our system on property but opportunity---which meant we based it not on stability but on mobility.
第一段末了讲了那些处于不利地位的人想要reform来改变他们的地位。所以第二段就在讲reform是不可能的。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-7-14 1:01:07编辑过]

birdie

谢谢楼上的mike和linlin。现在再看这篇passage好像清楚多了。
看来我也要放弃花儿的方法了，好像不太适用于我。

siebel

以下是引用linlin315在2003-7-14 0:53:00的发言：
第一段末了讲了那些处于不利地位的人想要reform来改变他们的地位。所以第二段就在讲reform是不可能的。

牛。不服不行。能看出这两句关系的人，就是我心目中的牛牛！

pony

这篇阅读我记得在新东方的时候老师说过不要较真儿
因为它的风格和机考的模式有很大的不同。
即便做得郁闷，也不代表什么。
但是如果能够想上边几位牛牛那样当然就恭喜了

birdie

那偶就放心了。