老子终于可以安心吃小笼包去了，Q50V36 - 710。

abjure

LZ 强大

wxtttt

啊楼主快帮我看看那个恐龙鸟那个是不是一篇阅读~谢谢

-- by 会员 盐水柠檬 (2012/12/7 14:46:13)

原文原题

盐水柠檬

楼主帮忙确认一下啦帮帮我们阅读小分队谢谢牛牛：
27、恐龙化石
   考古学里面，有人不同意说鸟的祖先是某某恐龙，因为化石时间上不吻合。不过，后来发现了新化石，时间就吻合了。 又有人异议说，那种恐龙没有鸟的hollow bone，不过后来又挖到新化石了，就又证明了。 再有人异议说，鸟的lung和恐龙的lung结构不同，（鸟的适合高空飞嘛），这个目前还cannot say whether true or false, 因为没有相关化石。 有道题，我就选了lung。 还有问文章说明了什么，选了theory不一定是错的，只是化石发现时间比较慢。（by chensixu23）
   
   考古已确认
   Although many lines of evidence indicate that birds evolved from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaurs, some scientists remain unconvinced. They argue that theropods appeared too late to have given rise to birds, noting that Archaeopteryx lithographica – the oldest known bird – appears in the fossil record about 150 million years ago, whereas the fossil remains of various nonavian maniraptor theropods – the closest known relatives of birds – date only to about 115 million years ago. But investigators have now uncovered bones that evidently belong to nonavian maniraptors dating to the time of Archaeopteryx. In any case, failure to findfossils of a predicted kind does not rule out their existence in an undiscovered deposit. Skeptics also argue that the fused clavicles (the “wishbone”) of birds differ from the unfused clavicles of theropods. This objection was reasonable when only early theropod clavicles had been discovered, but fossilized theropod clavicles that look just like the wishbone of Archaeopteryx have now been unearthed. Finally, some scientists argue that the complex lungs of birds could not have evolved from theropod lungs, an assertion that cannot be supported or falsified at the moment, because no fossil lungs are preserved in the paleontological record.
   
   题目T-4-Q5The primary purpose of the passage is toA.    compare the development of two hypotheses concerning the evolutionary origin of birdsB.    suggest revisions to the standard theory of the evolutionary history of birdsC.    evaluate the usefulness of fossil evidence in determining the evolutionary history of birdsD.    challenge the theory that birds evolved from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaursE.    respond to criticisms of the theory that birds evolved from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaursT-4-Q6In the context of the passage, the phrase “fossils of a predicted kind”(line 16) most likely refers to which of the following? A.    Theropod fossils with fused claviclesB.    Theropod fossils that are similar in structure to Archaeopteryx fossilsC.    Theropod fossils dating back more than 150 million yearsD.    Fossils indicating the structure of theropod lungsE.    Fossils indicating the structure of Archaeopteryx lungsT-4-Q7Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as an argument made by scientists who are unconvinced that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs?A.    There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils dating from a period after the time of Archaeopteryx.B.    There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils that indicate the structure of those dinosaurs’ lungs.C.    Theropod dinosaurs appear in the fossil record about 150 million years ago.D.    Theropod dinosaurs did not have fused clavicles.E.    Theropod dinosaurs had certain bones that look just like those of Archaeopteryx.

wxtttt

楼主帮忙确认一下啦帮帮我们阅读小分队谢谢牛牛：
27、恐龙化石
   考古学里面，有人不同意说鸟的祖先是某某恐龙，因为化石时间上不吻合。不过，后来发现了新化石，时间就吻合了。 又有人异议说，那种恐龙没有鸟的hollow bone，不过后来又挖到新化石了，就又证明了。 再有人异议说，鸟的lung和恐龙的lung结构不同，（鸟的适合高空飞嘛），这个目前还cannot say whether true or false, 因为没有相关化石。 有道题，我就选了lung。 还有问文章说明了什么，选了theory不一定是错的，只是化石发现时间比较慢。（by chensixu23）
   
   考古已确认
   Although many lines of evidence indicate that birds evolved from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaurs, some scientists remain unconvinced. They argue that theropods appeared too late to have given rise to birds, noting that Archaeopteryx lithographica – the oldest known bird – appears in the fossil record about 150 million years ago, whereas the fossil remains of various nonavian maniraptor theropods – the closest known relatives of birds – date only to about 115 million years ago. But investigators have now uncovered bones that evidently belong to nonavian maniraptors dating to the time of Archaeopteryx. In any case, failure to findfossils of a predicted kind does not rule out their existence in an undiscovered deposit. Skeptics also argue that the fused clavicles (the “wishbone”) of birds differ from the unfused clavicles of theropods. This objection was reasonable when only early theropod clavicles had been discovered, but fossilized theropod clavicles that look just like the wishbone of Archaeopteryx have now been unearthed. Finally, some scientists argue that the complex lungs of birds could not have evolved from theropod lungs, an assertion that cannot be supported or falsified at the moment, because no fossil lungs are preserved in the paleontological record.
   
   题目T-4-Q5The primary purpose of the passage is toA.    compare the development of two hypotheses concerning the evolutionary origin of birdsB.    suggest revisions to the standard theory of the evolutionary history of birdsC.    evaluate the usefulness of fossil evidence in determining the evolutionary history of birdsD.    challenge the theory that birds evolved from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaursE.    respond to criticisms of the theory that birds evolved from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaursT-4-Q6In the context of the passage, the phrase “fossils of a predicted kind”(line 16) most likely refers to which of the following? A.    Theropod fossils with fused claviclesB.    Theropod fossils that are similar in structure to Archaeopteryx fossilsC.    Theropod fossils dating back more than 150 million yearsD.    Fossils indicating the structure of theropod lungsE.    Fossils indicating the structure of Archaeopteryx lungsT-4-Q7Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as an argument made by scientists who are unconvinced that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs?A.    There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils dating from a period after the time of Archaeopteryx.B.    There are no known theropod dinosaur fossils that indicate the structure of those dinosaurs’ lungs.C.    Theropod dinosaurs appear in the fossil record about 150 million years ago.D.    Theropod dinosaurs did not have fused clavicles.E.    Theropod dinosaurs had certain bones that look just like those of Archaeopteryx.

-- by 会员 盐水柠檬 (2012/12/7 15:01:11)

更新阅读狗

jessi4765

恭喜楼主了！！希望我也能杀鸡成功！

盐水柠檬

楼主再帮帮忙呗谢谢啦嘿嘿~
    11金融市场风吹草动
    讲金融市场中一有风吹草动所有人特别是大的投资机构就很恐慌，从而更加加剧了crisis.第一段的第一句话，股市或者投资可以在其他的例子中找到例子。然后说政府修了一座桥。然后很多车和人在上面走，桥上有点风吹草动，桥上的人就开始担心，于是他们的走路的幅度就加大，桥就开始震荡，桥越震荡，上面的人越害怕，走路的步伐更快,桥就更震荡，由此造成loop. 第二段：分析桥震荡的原因，为啥会照成这种情况的发生第三段：说股市和投资也会出现类似的现象，投资政客在收到一些风吹草动的时候，他们会集中方向往一个地方投资，或者集中方向不往一个方向投资，总之他们这些有钱淫的人的投资方向都是一致的。最后也会造成股市的震荡
    第四段：很多原来理论认为其他。。。因素是造成市场波动的原因，但更可怕且不可修补的解释其实是三段所说的理论
    
    Q1 London bridge的倒塌是因为？倒塌是由于设计师忽略了行人对桥的承受力的影响
    Q1：那个的桥的设计师为了补救增固，可以干嘛干嘛（这个想不起了。。），问：类似的，想要稳定金融市场，政府可以做什么
     Q2：桥不稳是因为设计师没有考虑到什么？答案应该是：fails to consider the 行人整体walk的什么什么（貌似是D不就是E，这个…… 呃~~ -______-"，实在记不起，sorry）
    Q3：貌似是问那个当经济出现波动时，会有什么样的现象出现？LZ选的是那个：每人理智地反应结果是意外地拿出同样的举措。。Q4:对了，经融市场风水草动那篇最后一个问题是：那个大桥上的行人遇到桥体摇晃时做出了怎样的理智的反应?  这个是细节题，会文章一看就知道，是在原文首段understandably后面就能看出来~
    
    原文：
    Some commentators suspected the bridge’s foundations, others an unusual air pattern. The real problem was that the designers of the bridge had not taken into account how the footway would react to all the pedestrians walking on it（Q1）. When a person walks, lifting and dropping each foot in turn, he or she produces a slight sideways force. If hundreds of people are walking in a confined space, and some happen to walk in step, they can generate enough lateral momentum to move a footbridge（人行桥）—just a little. Once the footway starts swaying, however subtly, more and more pedestrians adjust their gait to get comfortable, stepping to and fro in synch（来回同步）. As a positive-feedback loop（循环） develops between the bridge’s swing and the pedestrians’ stride, the sideways forces can increase dramatically and the bridge can lurch(倾斜) violently. The investigating engineers termed this process “synchronous lateral excitation”.
    Most of the time, financial markets are pretty calm, trading is orderly, and andparticipants can buy and sell in large quantities. Whenever a crisis hits, however, the biggest players—banks, investment banks, hedge funds(对冲基金)—rush to reduce their exposure, buyers disappear, and liquidity dries up. Where previously there were diverse views, now there is unanimity: everybody’s moving in lockstep（步伐一致）（Q3）. “The pedestrians on the bridge are like banks adjusting their stance and the movements of the bridge itself are like price changes,” Shin wrote. And the process is self-reinforcing: once liquidity falls below a certain threshold（一旦流动性低于某个阈值）, “all the elements that formed a virtuous circle（良性循环） to promote stability now will conspire to undermine it.” The financial markets can become highly unstable.
    This is essentially what happened in the lead-up to the Great Crunch（巨大的危机）. The trigger was, of course, the market for subprime-mortgage bonds—bonds backed by the monthly payments from pools of loans that had been made to poor and middle-income home buyers. In August, 2007, with house prices falling and mortgage delinquencies rising, the market for subprime securities（次级房贷） froze. By itself, this shouldn’t have caused too many problems: the entire stock of outstanding subprime mortgages was about a trillion dollars, a figure dwarfed by nearly twelve trillion dollars in total outstanding mortgages, not to mention the eighteen-trillion-dollar value of the stock market. But then banks, which couldn’t estimate how much exposure other firms had to losses, started to pull back credit lines（紧缩信贷额度） and hoard their capital—and they did so en masse（全体的）, confirming Shin’s point about the market imposing uniformity. An immediate collapse was averted（避免） when the European Central Bank and the Fed announced that they would pump more money into the financial system（寂静里的Q2：类似的，政府可以做什么）. Still, the global economic crisis didn’t ease up until early this year, and by then governments had committed an estimated nine trillion dollars to propping up（支撑） the system.
    
    A number of explanations have been proposed for the great boom and bust（萧条与繁荣）, most of which focus on greed, overconfidence, and downright stupidity on the part of mortgage lenders, investment bankers, and Wall Street C.E.O.s. If this were all there was to it, we could rest more comfortably: greed can be controlled, with some difficulty, admittedly; overconfidence gets punctured; even stupid people can be educated. Unfortunately, the real causes of the crisis are much scarier（更加可怕） and less amenable to reform（更少服从改良?）: they have to do with the inner logic of an economy like ours. The root problem is what might be termed “rational irrationality”—behavior that, on the individual level, is perfectly reasonable but that, when aggregated in the marketplace, produces calamity.
    原文释义：
    Some commentators suspected the bridge’s foundations, others an unusual air pattern. The real problem was that the designers of the bridge had not taken into account how the footway would react to all the pedestrians walking on it. When a person walks, lifting and dropping each foot in turn, he or she produces a slight sideways force. If hundreds of people are walking in a confined space, and some happen to walk in step, they can generate enough lateral momentum to move a footbridge just a little. Once the footway starts swaying, however subtly, more and more pedestrians adjust their gait to get comfortable, stepping to and fro in synch. As a positive feedback loop develops between the bridge’s swing and the pedestrians’ stride, the sideways forces can increase dramatically and the bridge can lurch violently. The investigating engineers termed this process “synchronous lateral excitation”.
    一些评论员怀疑这座桥的根基,别人一个不寻常的空气模式。真正的问题是,桥的设计者没有考虑相对如何面对所有的行人步行。当一个人走,解除和静脉滴注每只脚反过来,他或她产生一种轻微的横向力。如果有成百上千的人走在一个封闭空间,和一些碰巧走一步,他们可以产生足够的横向移动人行桥动力一点点。一旦栈道开始摇晃着,然而微妙的是,越来越多的行人调整步态得到舒适、步进来回同步。作为一个积极发展之间的反馈回路振荡与桥梁的行人的步伐,侧身力量可以大幅上升,该桥能倾向非常激烈。这个过程称为调查工程师“同步侧向激励”。
    Most of the time, financial markets are pretty calm, trading is orderly, and andparticipants can buy and sell in large quantities. Whenever a crisis hits, however, the biggest players—banks, investment banks, hedge funds—rush to reduce their exposure, buyers disappear, and liquidity dries up. Where previously there were diverse views, now there is unanimity: everybody’s moving in lockstep. “The pedestrians on the bridge are like banks adjusting their stance and the movements of the bridge itself are like price changes,” Shin wrote. And the process is self-reinforcing: once liquidity falls below a certain threshold, “all the elements that formed a virtuous circle to promote stability now will conspire to undermine it. ” The financial markets can become highly unstable.
    大多数时候,金融市场是相当平静,交易是有序,andparticipants可以买卖数量大。每当一个危机支安打,但是,最大的players-banks、投资银行、对冲funds-rush减少他们的风险,买家消失,和流动性干涸。有不同的看法,而在此之前,现在那里已经一致:每个人的移动在一起迈步。“行人在桥上就像银行重新调整他们的姿态和动作本身就像桥梁的价格变化,“心写道。自我增强的工艺:一旦流动性低于某个门槛,“所有的元素,形成了一个良性循环,促进稳定现在将共谋破坏它。“金融市场可以变得非常不稳定。
    This is essentially what happened in the lead-up to the Great Crunch. The trigger was, of course, the market for subprime-mortgage bonds—bonds backed by the monthly payments from pools of loans that had been made to poor and middle-income home buyers. In August, 2007, with house prices falling and mortgage delinquencies rising, the market for subprime securities froze. By itself, this shouldn’t have caused too many problems: the entire stock of outstanding subprime mortgages was about a trillion dollars, a figure dwarfed by nearly twelve trillion dollars in total outstanding mortgages, not to mention the eighteen-trillion-dollar value of the stock market. But then banks, which couldn’t estimate how much exposure other firms had to losses, started to pull back credit lines and hoard their capital—and they did so en masse, confirming Shin’s point about the market imposing uniformity. An immediate collapse was averted when the European Central Bank and the Fed announced that they would pump more money into the financial system. Still, the global economic crisis didn’t ease up until early this year, and by then governments had committed an estimated nine trillion dollars to propping up the system.
    这是本质上发生了什么大危机的旅程。触发,当然,市场对次级抵押贷款的支持下bonds-bonds每月付款贷款,从水池曾对贫穷和中等收入家庭的买家。2007年8月,房价下跌和抵押拖欠上升,市场对次级证券一下子僵住了。就其本身而言,这不会造成太多的问题:整个股票优秀的次级抵押贷款大约是一万亿美元,这个数字几乎相形见绌一共十二万亿美元杰出的抵押贷款,更不用说十八万亿美元价值的股票市场。但后来银行,而无法估计暴露多少其他公司不得不损失,开始紧缩信贷计划和囤积资金,他们这么做是他们成群结队,确认心的观点关于市场实施的一致性。立即崩溃是避免当欧洲中央银行,美联储宣布他们将泵更多的资金在金融系统。然而,全球经济危机没有缓解直到今年早些时候,政府就犯了,估计有九万亿美元来支撑系统。
    A number of explanations have been proposed for the great boom and bust, most of which focus on greed, overconfidence, and downright stupidity on the part of mortgage lenders, investment bankers, and Wall Street C.E.O.s. If this were all there was to it, we could rest more comfortably: greed can be controlled, with some difficulty, admittedly; overconfidence gets punctured; even stupid people can be educated. Unfortunately, the real causes of the crisis are much scarier and less amenable to reform: they have to do with the inner logic of an economy like ours. The root problem is what might be termed “rational irrationality”—behavior that, on the individual level, is perfectly reasonable but that, when aggregated in the marketplace, produces calamity.
    一批被提出的解释的繁荣与萧条,其中大部分集中在贪婪、过度自信,彻头彻尾的愚蠢的部分抵押贷款、投资银行家、和华尔街的C.E.O.s。如果这都有,可以休息的时间更舒适:贪婪可以控制的特性,有些困难,诚然,过度自信会刺破,甚至愚蠢的人可以接受教育。不幸的是,金融危机的真正原因,更少得多,可以改革:他们与内在逻辑的一种经济像我们的。根本的问题是可能被称为“理性的不合理”-behavior在个人层面,是完全合理的,但当聚集在市场上产生的灾难。

晨依Jacqueline

谢谢楼主放狗！恭喜~~~

zhujia200607

LZ啊  港中文的金融平均也是720呢   同为710的飘过

aricyy

LZ，我12.7号考，确定12.6号你没写第四篇，但我考到了。。。相见恨晚啊！！泪奔，原谅我渣渣的单词。。

lttbelief

牛！看你昨天那心态就知道不会差的啦！