绳命是如此的井彩，绳命是如此的回晃

婷婷connie

这篇文章是我10月9号GRE的argu作文...

-- by 会员 NmgMadman (2012/10/27 10:26:07)

额，这么巧？？？

婷婷connie

Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system.
Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts or minds.

Whether the law and legal system fail to settle down lots of problems in modern society since people's minds cannot be altered by laws, as the speaker maintains? The statement is convincing to some degree because of the imperfection intrinsic to laws. However, the basic fact cannot be ignored that laws and statutes do help to solve some problems. As for me, the laws succeed in the elimination of most dilemmas whereas some still retain to be solved. Consider the complexity of the issue, the case-by case analysis is necessary to explore points in different dimensions.

In the first place, currently the legal system is relatively comprehensive than what did in the past that it plays an indispensable role on the maintenance of stability and justice of the society. Specifically, the constitution guarantees the safety of both the citizens and their private property including savings, houses and private automobiles. The education act assures juvenile’s right to receive equal primary and higher education without discriminations from race, disability and incomes of their parents. And the protection of women’s rights in law sets comparatively fair circumstances for women to participate in the labor market free of the burden of gender prejudice. Undoubtedly, it is the law and our sound law system that enable citizens to appreciate brighter lives, which casts light to the benefits brought by laws and legal system.

Nevertheless, we cannot be blind to the nature of laws and legal system. According to John Austin, a prestigious legal philosopher in the seventeenth England , the laws and statues merely serve for the upper class of a society since they are dictations of those in power. And even in current society where justice is dominant, the legal system is not the precautions but the remedy since it can be enacted only when certain issues are serious and urgent enough to catch concerns of the public. In this way, the laws cannot be expected to solve every problem emerging in public, despite of its validity of working out many troubles existed. Hardship can be confronted when the advancement of laws are not able to catch up with the development of science and technology. For example, the commerce based on internet, new in the society, has come into popularization for less than a decade. And the sanction of online crime in commercial deals pulls the legislature into a quandary since there is neither clear standards for crimes nor enough qualifications to refer to. Here, the case justifies that laws and legal system sometimes cannot solve the problems, especially new ones.

Furthermore, so intrinsic and complex is humans' thoughts and feelings that laws may manage to limit certain illegal behaviors but never succeed to sway the general wills. People's minds reflect the ethics and morality of a society which probably contradict to statues of laws. To take the death penalty as an example. In certain occidental countries, the death sentence has been removed with the reason of humanity. However, the rest who place considerable value on the notion that an individual who commits violation deserves his severe culpability will show aversion to this policy. Thus, in this case, a good number of people will disagree with the sentence to the felonry and may question the rationality of the laws. So, the dream that laws can fix out all problems will be improbably realized, because of the fact that laws cannot change people's view.

Admittedly, I concede that the laws has its own weakness on the essence and the process of the implementation, yet we are not supposed to be too passive towards it. On one hand, efforts and energy could be pitched on the amelioration of the laws which have been proven to be unadaptable for the process of the society. On the other hand, we could also turn to moral aspect to help to establish better circumstances for legal system. For example, lectures about how to be a responsible and righteous man and lessons aiming at cultivating people's self-control of feelings can be well promoted.

In sum, the laws and legal system have their strength to solve thorny issues in currently society. However, the immanent shortcoming also prevents them from rationally and effectively working out every problems, especially regarding the aspect of humanity. Thus, large endeavors ought to be made to amend laws and to boost moral cultivation. In this way, some distinct problems can be solved better and ultimately contribute to the advancement of the society and people's lives.
提纲：
1.法律确实可以解决大部分问题（人身、财产安全，公平的教育，妇女工作不受歧视）
2.法律自身有局限性（upper class+只是remedy）
3.法律不能改变人们根深蒂固的思想
4.我们还可以尝试在其他方面努力来达到解决问题的效果
结论：尽管法律有它的缺点，但是我们不能太过消极，我们可以改进法律同时运用moral method，最终为社会的进步作出努力。

婷婷connie

Argument 77
The author recommends that Brindleburg should build a similar golf course and resort hotel as does Seaside Vista. To support the suggestion, he puts forward the evidence that the twenty percent increase in visitors and steep rise in business loan have occurred in Seaside Vista together with the announcement to build roads and bridges in the city. However, all these evidence and the author's reasoning are open to question, which can be illuminated by a meticulous analysis in the following article.

At the very beginning, the assumption that the twenty percent increase in tourism and steep rise in the loan from new business is spurred by the construction of golf course and hotel has too many loopholes. In spite of the simultaneity of these events, it is unfounded to ascribe the prosperity of the local economy to the building of the project related to golf and hotel. Possible is that Seaside Vista has put a series of policies to encourage the economy. For example, the city has built another intriguing amusement park two years ago. So it is not the golf but the amusement park that attracted more customers to come to the city. And the big rise in the number of loan from the new business probably resulted when the bank lowered the loan rate during the past two years. Additionally, the word "steep" does not apparently tell us the definite rise but a trend. In this way, the progress on Seaside Vista's economy may not be caused by golf course and resort hotel.

Furthermore, the author recklessly suggests that Brindleburg build the similar golf course and resort hotel as Seaside Vista with no consideration of the differences between the two places. Perhaps Brindleburg is located in a mountainous region where no adequate space to build a goldf course and hotel, unless great effort and a mint of money are poured to overcome the geographic difficulty. Or perhaps, habitants in Brindleburg has little interest towards golf, whereas residents in Seaside Vista is so passionate with it and develop long history of the golf. In this way, the majority among visitors are those whose aim is to acquire more knowledge about the conventions about golf will be glad to go to Seaside Vista instead of Bridleburg. This proves the failure of the myopia of Brindleburg for imitating the similar project without taking into account the diversity on geographic features and culture. Thus, without fully investigation of the distinctions between the two cities, the recommendation is unjustified.

Moreover, even though we hypothesize that the golf course and resort hotel can be profitable in Brindleburg and there are no geographic and cultural variations between the two cities, the author fails to present any information about the benefit on the improvement of the local infrastructure in Bridleburg from golf court and hotel. Chances are that Bridleburg is a well-prosperous place where the basic facilities have already been developed to high quality. So it seems to have no need to improve the public needs such as the roads and bridges in Seaside Vista. Predicated on the imprecise analysis of Bridleburg’s conditions, the mayor falsely predicts the impending benefits coming from the construction of golf course and resort hotel.

In a nutshell, the author unfairly owes the success of the economy of Seaside Vista to the construction of golf course and resort hotel, suggests Bridleburg's adopting the similar measures as Seaside Vista and erroneously evaluate the benefits brought by the project. Thus the recommendation is unwarranted. And only if the author provides more detailed information about the features of the two cities and the current conditions of infrastructures in Bridleburg will the recommendation be more confident.

婷婷connie

Whether the cultivation of the sense of cooperation is the best approach to make the young people prepared to be leaders in government, industry and other fields, as the speaker maintains? The statement is superficially convincing, whereas we cannot be blind to the advantages brought by the development of competition. As far as I am concerned, a comprehensive understanding of cooperation and competition is of greater significance and we are supposed to take a balance of them.

In the first place, it is the competition that prods youngsters to keep moving forward and eventually become qualified leaders. As an aphorism goes, a boat sailing against the current must forge ahead or it will be driven back. This can be applied to the competition among the youth. In governmental department, a young person has to confront threat of being exceeded by his excellent peers. To get a promotion, this person will be more engaged to horn his skills such as critical thinking, oratory as well as interpersonal skills. Only when he succeeds in mastering these capacities will he go further on his pursue for leadership. What is more, in a manufactory, an individual with ambition will focus on the attainment of technological skills at the sake of gaining favor from his leader during the competition. Therefore, competition performs as driving force to encourage the youth to digest new knowledge and practice their skills.

Admittedly, I concede that competition is a potent incentive to spur the young, however, undue rivalries may backfire. Specifically, an eminent boy whose academical grade rank in the top ten position in his class, but he envies those whose grades are better than his. Burdened by the strong desire to win, this little boy is vulnerable to heavily pressure, which may contributes to some physical diseases and melancholia. What is worse, in order to become the first, he even commits cheating in the examination, which undoubtedly produces negative impacts on his morality. This betrays the essence of competition-each individual who wants to defeat his counterpart in the competition is supposed to win aboveboard instead of playing some tricks. Thus, we must instill the sense of rational competition when preparing the young for leadership in case of the unnecessary hurt physiologically and psychologically.

Let us turn to the cooperation , which matters equally in the preparation for the youth. On one hand, it is the collaboration that organically combines diverse strengths from different people. For example, in government field, a person who is adept at analyzing vexing issues related to certain policies can obtain detailed information through synergic work with the other who is expert at implementing measures. Or in industry, a well-function production line consists of a series of distinct processes for a production. On the other hand, the ultimate end of cooperation is to get a favorable position in a fiercer competition. Possibilities are larger when we are equipped with the teamwork spirit others to apply the combination of our wisdom to beat the competitors. This point can be witnessed in the international business. With the joint effort of branches throughout the world, the human resource and market can be profitable more than other single and solitary companies in the state.

Besides, I remain hesitance that whether the “best” way to prepare the young is to instill in them the sense of cooperation or competition. Actually, the approach to train the young to be good leader is far more than the instillation of competition and cooperation. Particularly, we can help the young aware of the importance of responsibility and innovation. In a community, without a responsible leader, this group can never accomplish great. Especially in the automobile company where a leader with the sense of responsibility ought to supervise the every process of the production such as the brake system and the security system which are vital in the protection of the drivers’ lives. In addition, the creativity is an essential factor to keep the company’s vitality, continuously riveting the current and the potential customers.

In sum, since the merits of competition and cooperation are of magnitude on the cultivation of the youngs’ leadership, effort should be made to help them develop a correct and comprehensive cognition. Meanwhile, we cannot neglect the other alternative methods benefiting the preparation. As long as we keep a good balance of competition and cooperation and with the assistance of other means will the young be more likely to grow up to be preeminent leaders.

提纲：
竞争让青少年不断提高自己的能力，让商家不断提高产品的质量
但是过度的竞争也会带来不良后果（too much pressure, 做一些错事）
相反合作能够把大家的优势集中起来更有利（teamwork spirit）；而且合作的最终目标就是更好的竞争，所以不能单一把合作和竞争分开讨论
Competition and cooperation的培养很重要，但不是the best way,还有很多其他的方面也需要注重（responsibility and innovation）
结论：我们应该青少年正确地认识competition和cooperation，建立a balance，并且加上其他的培养，这样他们才会成为合格的leader

婷婷connie

The advertising director recommends that movie company allocate a greater share of the advertisement on the quality of movies because of the public's lack of awareness of the movies' quality. To verify the statement, he puts forward a report from marketing department which indicates the decline in attendance and the increase of the positive comments. However, a series of reasons and specific examples will demonstrate the irrationality of the recommendation.



At the very beginning, the author does not present any detailed information such as the scope of the investigation, thus the accuracy of the report from marketing department cannot be guaranteed. Even though the marketing department may be known for the sobriety in the company, the precision of the report is open to question. Perhapsthe report comes from the investigation on a certain cinema where the movies from Super Screen are exactly of poor quality. Or perhaps the this cinema happened to have fewer people come to view the movie, while the number of viewers is ballooning at rest cinemas, which contradicts the content of the report. Unless the author is able to justify the validity of the report, any conclusions based on it are unwarranted.



Furthermore, we have no idea about the increase percentage of these positive reviews as well as their contents. On one hand, probable is that the positive reviews from spectators has risen by merely one percent. Even though it is a kind of increase, we are not able to regard it as an obvious progress. And chances are that the comments collected are mainly from polite movie reviewers and they generally have an inclination to give positive and encouraging reviews. This means these reviews are not representative. On the other hand, since the author fails to deliver a clear standards of the positive comments, we could imagine that the employees in marketing department possibly view the comment "I do not think the movie is too bad" as approbation. In these occasion, the authenticity of positive reviews from audience is also challenged.



Last but not least, the advertising director also rashly draws the conclusion of greater allocation on advertisement. Even if we are convinced that the quality of movies is welcomed by viewers, the author does not show anything about the current condition of advertisement on movies. Maybe the advertisement currently has already taken up a relatively large proportion of the financial budget. Thus there is no need to pour money on advertisement department for the strength of advertisement on movie's quality is enough. Besides, the author does not take into account other possible factors which contribute to the decline of viewers. Possible is the bad service of the cinemas that frequently enrages customers, which causes viewers to switch to the rivalries of the Super Screen.



In sum up, the argument has some loopholes and it can be modified if the author offers adequate evidence to testify the accuracy of the report and the representativeness of the positive comments. Additionally, in order to convince the company to devote more money on advertising, the author also is supposed to display the current negative situations of the advertisement department. Only having clarified the points above will the recommendation be carried out and achieve its effects as the author expects.

婷婷connie

Education institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.

Whether students in colleges, universities and other institutions are supposed to be encouraged to engage in the fields replete with well-paid jobs, as the speaker maintains? As for me, lucrative careers are of great significance in students' success in their lives, alternative fields which may be less profitable cannot be ignored, which can be demonstrated by the following reasons and examples.

In the first place, the encouragement of students' choice selectively on lucrative majors is able to raise the student’s position in the human resource market. Since the students are provided opportunities to acquire major knowledge relevant in lectures delivered by expert professors and some pragmatic working experience accumulated by internship programs, they will be more competitive in hunting jobs after graduation. Specifically, a gifted student is encouraged by the teaching administer to participate the major of medicine, one of the most promising field in the current society for a experienced doctor is esteemed by others and gain much money meanwhile. Luckily, the student is fairly assiduous to cultivate his knowledge about symptoms, treatments and even patient’s psychology. We can confidently predict his more chances to get employed in a prestigious medical institution. Thus it is the campus authorities that play an essential to prompt students to study lucrative fields.

However, it is not wise to be blind to the subsequences once the policy is implemented without a proper guidance. On one hand, with the skyrocketing increase in the number of students enhanced to shift to these profitable majors for jobs such as professor, attorney and physician, the competitions in these fields will balloon sharply. Even though the demand of graduates majored in these field could cover the supply, the continuous stimulation on the enrollment in these field may gradually sway the conditions and eventually result in the redundancy on supply, which undoubtedly produce despondency and pressure on students who are looking forward to gratifying jobs. On the other hand, even though we are convinced that the condition of employment has not become severe, the burden exerted by faculty will upset students who do not have crush on these so-called "lucrative" majors. In return, some immature adolescents probably provoke a kind of rebellion to the professors' recommendations with little passion on classes and poor academic performance. Therefore, the consideration of the possible negative consequences accrue are of equally value as the education institutions are going to implement the policy.

Furthermore, alternative approaches to boost the employment rate of graduates ought to be paid attentions. The interest of students should be given precedence over other factors such as the resources for the major and the talents of professors available. According to Socrates, the compromise of reality makes people survive, while it is the pursuits of ideal makes people truly live. This can be applied to this case. Most students come to colleges, universities are motivated by the desire of acquisition of knowledge. Possible is the better academical grades and practical skills that students accumulate by spur of inner interests, which lay a foundation for their future careers. Therefore interests are of magnitude. Additionally, we cannot neglect the positive impacts of school's directions on the choice of fields to study. Colleges and universities can provide adequate introduction classes for students to help them have an overall understanding of the major and then offer some useful tips if necessary. Undue encouragement certainly adds too much pressure on students, whereas the merits of rational recommendations still justify.

In sum, even though the education institutions’ instructions on major choice may exert some pressure on students, its enormous advantages cannot be left out. As long as the education institutions pitch effective and proper measures to encourage students for promising majors and take into account their interests will the students’ learn more and acquire more in the future.

提纲：
学校鼓励学生从事promising专业有利于学生日后的竞争。
但过度的鼓励和强调也会带来负面影响。（压力太大，叛逆心理，backfire）
提倡适度的指导（帮助同学充分认识各专业），同时以学生自身的兴趣为引导
结论：对于学生major选择学校需要投入大量的精力，以学生意愿为主给予适当指导。

婷婷connie

Argument 39
The author unfairly predicts that the New Captain Seafood restaurant will gain residents' favor and enormous profits. To support this prediction, the author provides evidence of a 30 percent's increase on consumption on seafood from a recent study, no existence of alternative seafood restaurants and the decrease on cooking meals at home. However, both assumptions and reasoning are open to question, which can be displayed in the following analysis and specific examples.

At the very beginning, the author fails to offer adequate details to verify the accuracy and validity of the sales study. On one hand, we have no idea about the respondents such as their status, age, gender as well as their personal sense of health and eating diet. In this way, the representativeness of the sales study is challenged. On the other hand, the study contains nothing to demonstrate causes of the increase on consumption. Perhaps it is visitors from outside cities that purchase great deal of seafood products instead of savoring the seafood dishes there. Or perhaps the consumption of seafood is not used for making food but the original materials for medicine. Thus, embarrassment is confronted when the author cites the sale study to exhibit the demand for seafood restaurant.

Furthermore, the author falsely assumes that families of the city have an inclination to eat seafood from the facts of fewer home-cocked meals and increasing concern on healthful eating. Firstly, these is no evidence supporting that the fewer home-cocked meals are also common in Bay City, even though the nationwide study shows the trends. Unless an investigation is conducted to investigate if families of the Bay City are more likely to eat out, we can freely regard the Bay city as an exceptions because of its tradition that people are instilled with the sense of family and they are glad to enjoy meal time with the family members. Secondly, the author does not effectively persuade us to believe that seafood is a healthful diet. It is acknowledged that some individuals, whose allergen is seafood such as lobster and crab, will get severely sick and even die while eating seafood. Besides, there are other alternative healthy eating available, for instance, the vegetables and fruits. Thus residents who care about their healthful eating do not necessarily have to eat seafood merely.

Last but not least, the author recklessly presages the prosperity of Captain Seafood restaurant, without meticulous analysis on marketing conditions. Although no restaurant whose specialty is seafood has opened currently in the city, it does not suggest the impending dominance of the Captain Seafood restaurant. Chances are that the Captain Seafood restaurant will be bettered by the existing restaurants whose specialty is soup, Chinese food and other inviting dishes as the residents have been accustomed to these dishes. Or the Captain Seafood restaurant possibly misses advantages for its bad service and less convenient traffic condition which are vital in the competition in the marketing share. In this way, the profits of Captain Seafood lacks firm guarantees.

In a nutshell, the author's reasoning and assumptions are of too many loopholes. And only if the author makes effort to present more details about the study such as the allocation of the seafood’s consumption and the concern of residents' diet, as well as the marketing condition of the restaurant industry, will the prediction be more rational and feasible.