提问OG 12

margaret1013

第71题：

71. According to the passage, which of the following best describes a function performed by oligosaccharins?
(A) Regulating the daily functioning of a plant’s cells
(B) Interacting with one another to produce different chemicals
(C) Releasing specific chemical messengers from a plant’s cell walls
(D) Producing the hormones that cause plant cells to differentiate to perform different functions
(E) Influencing the development of a plant’s cells by controlling the expression of the cells’ genes

71.

The best answer is E. The first paragraph states that plant cells “differentiate and form structures”

(line 3) when a “complex system of chemical messengers” (line 7) activates a “small subset of the

genes in a particular kind of cell” (lines 5-6). In lines 38-41, the author elaborates on the hormonal

system in plants by indicating that the pleiotropic plant hormones activate enzymes, which in turn

release oligosaccarins-the “more specific chemical messengers” (lines 40-41). The second

paragraph indicated these specific chemical messengers have specific effects on plant

development. Thus, the passage indicates that it is the oligosaccharins that directly influence the

development of a plant cell by controlling the expression of a plant cell’s genes. Choices C and D

are incorrect because the oligosaccharins are themselves specific chemical messengers and are not

said to produce any hormones. The passage provides no information to support A or B.

看了答案之后就明白了。但是答案涉及到line 3，7，5-6，38-41，40-41的东西。考试的时候如何把这么多东西联系在一起呢？（除了完全读懂之外。）如何对付这类题目呢？差不多的69题我也错了。

谢谢指教。

wangyu73cn

我觉得，对这道题目，ETS确实要求我们能够把文章中前后相关的内容联系在一起。如何确认这些联系？我觉得他可能是要求我们重视逻辑关系以确认各部分联系。他在答案解释中应该表现了这些逻辑关系了，看看此题答案的几句话：

1、 The best answer is E.

这句没什么，除了best/correct是否有区别尚需进一步确认。

2、 The first paragraph states that plant cells “differentiate and form structures”(line 3) when a “complex system of chemical messengers” (line 7) activates a “small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell” (lines 5-6).

ETS在此说明一段前几句指出了chemical messengers的一般作用。其实，题目中问的是oligosaccharins的作用，但由于它属于chemical messengers，所以其一般作用自然适用。这里的逻辑关系应该是一种从属关系吧。另外，他简要总结了一段中的前4句，总结得不错，1句话代替了4句话，这是本段第一层次。第二层次是余下部分，提出了几种chemical messengers。在看完这段之后，如果我们也能这样总结段落层次就好了。本句解释是个铺垫，与下两句共同成为正确答案的论据。

3、 In lines 38-41, the author elaborates on the hormonal system in plants by indicating that the pleiotropic plant hormones activate enzymes, which in turn release oligosaccarins-the “more specific chemical messengers” (lines 40-41).

此句明确了文中最后一句(实际上是最后一段)的主要内容，即pleiotropic plant hormones、enzymes和oligosaccarins-the “more specific chemical messengers的因果关系。

4、 The second paragraph indicated these specific chemical messengers have specific effects on plant development.

此句提示了oligosaccharins作为specific chemical messengers对植物生长有specific effects。这里进一步说明oligosaccharins与specific effects on plant development的因果关系。

5、 Thus, the passage indicates that it is the oligosaccharins that directly influence the development of a plant cell by controlling the expression of a plant cell’s genes.

从第2句解释可知：oligosaccharins可以实现controlling the expression of a plant cell’s genes，这是对activates a “small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell”的改写。第3、4句解释共同具体说明oligosaccharins可以directly influence the development of a plant cell，这是对specific effects on plant development的改写。

6、 Choices C and D are incorrect because the oligosaccharins are themselves specific chemical messengers and are not said to produce any hormones.

与文章内容相反。

7、 The passage provides no information to support A or B.

文章中无。

我觉得，如果经常按ETS的思路进行考虑，我们的阅读水平应该会提高了。

soaring

厉害，看了

wwwhahchn

wangyu73cn版主每次回帖都这么仔细，真是太respectable了！！

cowslip

以下是引用wangyu73cn在2004-10-26 3:46:00的发言：

我觉得，如果经常按ETS的思路进行考虑，我们的阅读水平应该会提高了。

wangyu73cn GG,

Your reference is always so detailed and logically complete

One of my questions in the reading is that I can't grasp the essence in the first reading

I just read this article today for the second time,and I found that after the SECOND(and slowly reading)I could make clear all of the relationships among the three items,but how can I get the "ETS的思路进行考虑"and arrive at the level that grasp the main factor locates among the plenty of scatted information? especially in the biologic articles

I feel that the most important in such article is the relationship but not some specific element.When I first read it, I naturally focused on the hormons and ignored the other molecules,because it says about the hormons through the whole.When I go ahead to the last paragraph,I could hardly remember the oligosaccarins' effect if I didn't go back again.The biggest confusion for me is how to train myself be more sensitive to the whole when I can't recongnize some of the key words.

Whether you mean  that we must be used to collecting the abundant information and remember them natrually when we just begin the reading,namely that the "经常按ETS的思路进行考虑"?

Sorry I can't write in Chinese now.Maybe I didn't express clear enough because of my poor writing.However,maybe I'll ask for your help later if needed.

I'll take the test at the end of this month, Chou si la!

wangyu73cn

Your reference is always so detailed and logically complete

对我来说，这是反复研究OG解释及以解释为线索分析文章的认识，我是不可能看一两遍就形成的这样详细的认识的。我阅读的解释看了不下5遍了，现在有的地方还不是很明白ETS在说些什么。所以，我们在此种情况下的思维可能就和ETS有差异了。弥和这种差异，不是靠我们从自己的头脑中挤压出来，其实，再拼命挤压，也不会有所得，因为，一般地，我们头脑中本来就欠缺。

One of my questions in the reading is that I can't grasp the essence in the first reading

我原来也不可能在第一遍中想到文章的线索、脉络、关键点、逻辑联系等等问题。但我想，现在我可以更敏感地看到这些问题了，因为我通过看OG，经过了反复的、切中要害的(OG的解释是精辟的)、深入的、而且正确的(OG的解释基本没错)思维训练。当然我的这个学习过程不是每个人都要经历的，因为有人已在以前的教育中在这些方面有所掌握了，但这样的人应并不很多。

I just read this article today for the second time,and I found that after the SECOND(and slowly reading)I could make clear all of the relationships among the three items,but how can I get the "ETS的思路进行考虑"and arrive at the level that grasp the main factor locates among the plenty of scatted information? especially in the biologic articles

我想，我们看懂了OG的解释，再做题目时，能举一反三，即便不是有意主动地举一反三，我们的思维也不会偏离ETS太远。我认为，这就可以说，我们是按ETS的思路对文章和题目进行思考了。而且这样只是打下了一个基础，这个基础就还需要总结提高。将有共性的、经常反复的东西在形成总结。不过我还没有做这个事情。我想，我们最后能够形成像王昆嵩或小安那样的阅读总结，可能就可以彻底搞定了。这并不是说我们直接简单看看人家的总结，再套用几次就可以了。虽然人家的东西很高屋建瓴，但我们一定要自己琢磨出来才行啊。

I feel that the most important in such article is the relationship but not some specific element.When I first read it, I naturally focused on the hormons and ignored the other molecules,because it says about the hormons through the whole.When I go ahead to the last paragraph,I could hardly remember the oligosaccarins' effect if I didn't go back again.The biggest confusion for me is how to train myself be more sensitive to the whole when I can't recongnize some of the key words.

如果我们没有对文章中各部分的轻重缓急有认识，我们的脑容量是不足以记录全部信息的。如果我们能够将他们按照ETS的思路组合在一起，文章就会变得立体生动、有轻有重、富有联系和趣味性，该想的就会想，不该想的我们就不会想。这样，我们不仅提高了速度，而且思维会更加敏锐深入。而不是胡子眉毛一把抓。我们往往如此，在看ETS的解释时，我们会经常发现，我们原来错误的理解往往就是把需要理解的内容简单化了,或者把不需要理解的内容复杂化了。

Whether you mean  that we must be used to collecting the abundant information and remember them natrually when we just begin the reading,namely that the "经常按ETS的思路进行考虑"?

所以，我认为，ETS不是让我们记住大量的超越脑容量的信息，ETS是让我们有层次的、有主次的、有联系的链接起貌似大量的信息。在需要提取时提纲挈领将他们再现出来。

I'll take the test at the end of this month, Chou si la!

没关系，别着急。月底考试，现在肯定有点压力，不过我们要放稳心态，迎着压力完成考试。这是我们每个人都要面对的。

cowslip

特别感谢！现在已经多少有些体会了：之前有些题目读和做的时候都感觉想不透，就想提问题来寻求帮助，但是坚持继续看过OG的解释，发现不少细节和精神的领悟就豁然开朗了，好像现在稍微找到一点ETS的思路。

看了mumu jj在携隐的小教室对Nightingale那篇文章的分析也获益匪浅

只是我发现在书上做题和上机做题还是差挺多的：看书就能感觉到层次，一上机就觉得看到的是一片东西…… 所以只能强化训练自己上机做了。

特别谢谢你每一次那么热心、周到、细致的疑难解惑！！！

cw_chan

这么好的文章不顶才怪.

jenniferdsb

好贴！佩服！拜读！

桑夏

想问下NN，有些题目的考点非常明确呀。。有些选项感觉就是无稽之谈，一看就无关呀。就是说不一定完全看懂文章，但可以选出答案。碰到这样的题OG的解释我就不想看了。。。有时候我都觉得不用像很多人那么麻烦的总结。费体力和时间。我做了OG11所有文章的逻辑简图，并用荧光笔画出每个题目的考点。可以看出有些段落根本不会出题目的，（具体是哪些段落还没来得及总结）。

上面提到的那个题目，我觉得只要抓住文章的Main idea 就能选了。开头提出问题Q：细胞是怎样分化的？A：基因是否表达，依靠传递信息的物质来决定那些基因表达，哪些不表达。后来讲five major激素是多效的，不能specific in one control function.而Ｏ是specific的，所以必然有O来完成细胞分化的任务。这样69，71，72这三道题都考的O的作用，选涉及到细胞分化的选项就可以了。

69. The passage suggests that which of the following is a function likely to be performed by an oligosaccharin?

(A) To stimulate a particular plant cell to become part of a plant’s root system

71. According to the passage, which of the following best describes a function performed by oligosaccharins?

(E) Influencing the development of a plant’s cells by controlling the expression of the cells’ genes

72. The passage suggests that, unlike the pleiotropic hormones, oligosaccharins could be used effectively to

（C）artificially control specific aspects of the development of crops

我这样的做法是不是偷懒呀。。是碰巧了才会做对题，不过没有把握么。。。请NN指教。