请教NN gwd 10 一篇阅读几句话中withdraw的意思，感谢！

roberta

这篇关于印第安人保留地的文章我读的是云里雾里。。。有好些句子理解不过来，还请NN们帮帮偶解释一下，感谢感谢！！

GWD 10:

Later decisions, citing

Winters, established that courts

can find federal rights to reserve

water for particular purposes if

(20) (1) the land in question lies within

an enclave under exclusive federal

jurisdiction, (2) the land has been

formally withdrawn from federal

public lands — i.e., withdrawn from

(25) the stock of federal lands available

for private use under federal

land use laws — and set aside or

reserved, and (3) the circumstances

reveal the government

(30) intended to reserve water as well

as land when establishing the

reservation.

加亮的部分里的withdraw怎么理解呢？是说印第安保留地被正式地从联邦公共陆地收回吗？不太明白保留地和public land到底是什么关系？哪位NN可以翻译一下这句话“(2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands — i.e., withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use under federal land use laws — and set aside or reserved, ”。

同样的，下面这句话里面的withdrawn the pueblos from publich lands as American Indian reservations又是什么意思呢？as American Indian reservations是修饰public lands么？？

in any event, no treaty, statute, or executive order has ever designated or withdrawn the pueblos from (50) public lands as American Indian reservations.

不行了。。。偶已经绕不出来了。。。呜呜。。请NN帮忙啊，谢谢谢谢了！！！

GWD 10此篇文章如下：

In Winters v. United States

Reservation

(1908), the Supreme Court held

that the right to use waters flow-

Line ing through or adjacent to the

(5) Fort Berthold Indian Reservation

was reserved to American Indians

by the treaty establishing the reservation.

Although this treaty did

not mention water rights, the Court

(10) ruled that the federal government,

when it created the reservation,

intended to deal fairly with

American Indians by preserving

for them the waters without which

(15) their lands would have been use-

less. Later decisions, citing

Winters, established that courts

can find federal rights to reserve

water for particular purposes if

(20) (1) the land in question lies within

an enclave under exclusive federal

jurisdiction, (2) the land has been

formally withdrawn from federal

public lands — i.e., withdrawn from

(25) the stock of federal lands available

for private use under federal

land use laws — and set aside or

reserved, and (3) the circumstances

reveal the government

(30) intended to reserve water as well

as land when establishing the

reservation.

Some American Indian tribes

have also established water rights

(35) through the courts based on their

traditional diversion and use of

certain waters prior to the United

States’ acquisition of sovereignty.

For example, the Rio Grande

(40) pueblos already existed when the

United States acquired sovereignty

over New Mexico in 1848. Although

they at that time became part of the

United States, the pueblo lands

(45) never formally constituted a part

of federal public lands; in any

event, no treaty, statute, or executive

order has ever designated

or withdrawn the pueblos from

(50) public lands as American Indian

reservations. This fact, however,

has not barred application

of the Winters doctrine. What

constitutes an American Indian

(55) reservation is a question of

practice, not of legal definition,

and the pueblos have always

been treated as reservations by

the United States. This pragmatic

(60) approach is buttressed by Arizona

v. California (1963), wherein the

Supreme Court indicated that the

manner in which any type of federal

reservation is created does not

(65) affect the application to it of the

Winters doctrine. Therefore, the

reserved water rights of Pueblo

Indians have priority over other

citizens’ water rights as of 1848,

(70) the year in which pueblos must

be considered to have become

reservations.

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-24 17:21:36编辑过]

mikeleven

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=25&id=68499&star=1#672547

roberta

谢谢mikeleven:-)