阅读大全passage 12

minnesotanwolf

Passage 12 (12/63)(This passage is excerpted from material published in1980.)
Federal efforts toaid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small BusinessAdministration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans andgovernment-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minoritybusiness enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs toform new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerialinexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failurerates. Even years after the program was implemented, minority business receiptswere not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
Recently federalpolicymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of theminority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minorityenterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firmsthrough intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporationsparticipate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses bymaking use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by aparticipating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small BusinessInvestment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance tominority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customersof the sponsoring company.
MESBIC’s are theresult of the belief that providing established firms with easier access torelevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well assubstantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity todevelop sound business foundations than does simply making general managementexperience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potentialmarkets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoringcompanies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms oflocation and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems,sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legalminimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain thequality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasinglyimportant financing sources for minority enterprises.
Ironically, MESBICstaffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approachinvestments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors,who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter oftenstill think mainly in terms of the “social responsibility approach” and thusseem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normalinvestment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produceduneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minorityentrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established businessconsiderations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer tothe original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a moreprudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revertto (revert to: v.回复, 归还) policies likely tore-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.
6. The author refers tothe “financial and operating problems” (line 38) encountered by MESBIC’s primarily inorder to
(A) broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legalconsiderations of funding MESBIC’S through sponsoring companies
(B) call attention to the fact that MESBIC’s must receiveadequate funding in order to function effectively
(C) show that sponsoring companies were willing to investonly $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBIC’s
(D) compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding（B）
(E) refute suggestions that MESBIC’s have been onlymarginally successful

我选了E，可答案是B。不知道从哪里定位。

8.     It can be inferred from the passage thatthe attitude of some MESBIC staff members toward the investments preferred bysome MESBIC directors can best be described as A

(A) defensive

(B) resigned
(C) indifferent
(D) shocked（E）
(E) disapproving
z这题我选的是A，文中说staff觉得自己的想法更加closer to original philosophy，而不是完全的否定directors的想法。请问从哪里看出staff的态度是disapproving而不是defensive呢？

leidiudiu

同问~~~~

Mr.Long

6.“financial and operating problems”是题干中提到的，回原文定位：“Following early financial and operating problems,sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legalminimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain thequality of management needed.”处境：financial and operating problems
措施：sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s
目的：1.generate sufficient income；2.sustain thequality of management needed
目的对应答案B中的“MESBIC’s must receiveadequate funding in order to function effectively”