每日速度越障学习帖 - 精读+背词

SarahOrange

补：20120730 <第四期5-08经管> Egypt’s Islamists Tread Lightly, but Skeptics Squirm

swear in 使宣誓就职
unabashed [?n?'bæ?t] adj. 不畏惧的
When he was sworn in last month, the Arab world’s biggest country gained an unabashed Islamist as its leader for the first time, arousing alarm here and abroad.

definitive [d?'f?n?t?v] adj. 决定性的；最后的
pronouncement [pr?'na?nsm(?)nt] n. 声明；宣告；公告
premature ['prem?tj??]adj. 不成熟的
Such a definitive pronouncement could be premature.

circumscribed adj. 局限的；受限制的
rash [ræ?] adj. 轻率的；鲁莽的；不顾后果的
pretext ['pri?tekst] n. 借口；托辞
crack down 镇压
fledgling ['fled?l??] n. 无经验的人
And Mr. Morsi’s power has been severely circumscribed by the military, which still holds most of the cards; a rash move by Mr. Morsi could provide a pretext for the military to crack down further on the fledgling government.

refrain [r?'fre?n] vi. 避免
hot-button (问题等)非常敏感的，热门的；(尤指政治上)具有轰动效应的；引起公愤的
Significantly, he has refrained from taking any action on hot-button social or foreign policy issues, or even discussing them.

ruling circles 统治集团(或阶层)
obligatory [?'bl?g?t(?)r?] adj. 义务的；必须的
No one in ruling circles is calling for the government to make wearing head scarves obligatory, ban pop music or review the peace treaty with Israel.

placate [pl?'ke?t; 'plæke?t; 'ple?-] vt. 抚慰
secular ['sekj?l?] n.[宗]俗僧，俗人
Despite such efforts, Mr. Morsi and his Brotherhood allies have had little luck placating secular and other opponents.

oust [a?st] vt. 驱逐
vow [va?] v. 发誓；郑重宣告
veiled [ve?ld] adj. 隐藏的；不清楚的
Just two weeks ago, the leader of the ruling military council, which has controlled Egypt since Mr. Mubarak was ousted, vowed that the army would not let Egypt “fall” to “a certain group,” a not-so-veiled reference to the Brotherhood.

conciliatory [k?n's?l??t?r?] adj. 安抚的
deep-seated ['di:p'si:tid] adj. 根深蒂固的
"Since Morsi won, the Muslim Brotherhood adopted more of a conciliatory tone and made an effort to reach out to non-Islamists,” Mr. Hamid said. “The question is if it has worked, and I would say it hasn’t. It’s deep-seated. Neither side trusts the other.”

tyranny ['t?r(?)n?] n. 暴政；专横；严酷；残暴的行为
“Being a secular liberal, I was very critical of my fellow liberals when they spoke of the tyranny of the majority and so on,” he added. “I said, ‘Let’s work with the Brotherhood.’ ”

nuance ['nju?ɑ?ns] n. 细微差别
But the nuances are pretty scary.

constitutional [k?nst?'tju??(?)n(?)l] adj. 宪法的
postelection 后期选举
Those nuances include the way a Brotherhood spokesman, Mahmoud Ghuzlan, answers questions with Koranic verses, and the group’s tendency to fill the spectator galleries at hearings on constitutional and postelection issues with emotional, chanting activists.

anonymity [æn?'n?m?t?] n. 匿名
authorized ['??θ?ra?zd] adj. 经授权的；经认可的
Mr. Morsi was quoted as saying by a former campaign worker, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the press.

suspicion [s?'sp??(?)n] n. 怀疑
erupt into 爆发成
jeer [d???] v. 嘲笑
pelt with 用(某物)扔某人
The depth of suspicions about the Brotherhood erupted into public view this month when Hillary Rodham Clinton, the American secretary of state, met with Mr. Morsi in Egypt and then was jeered and her motorcade pelted with tomatoes by protesters, mainly Coptic Christians and secularists, angry that the Americans were, in their view, supporting the Islamists by meeting with Mr. Morsi.

lavish ['læv??] adj. 丰富的
He’s in demand with media and sponsors alike, but he won’t admit that all this lavish attention is primarily a result of this one fact: he’s the closest thing to a rival that Michael Phelps will have in London.

SarahOrange

最近刚入职，学习时间上有些要调整，但还是希望自己尽力保证每天阅读的数量和质量！

铁板神猴

up U~

babybearmm

notoriously有贬义的意思哦，臭名昭著


notorious
widely and unfavorably known: a notorious gambler.

补：20120725 <第四期5-04科技> Science at the Olympics: Team science

notoriously [n?u't?:ri?sli] adv. 众所周知地
Anti-doping science is notoriously — some say unnecessarily — secretive; Bartlett says that he cannot reveal what drug-detection techniques will be rolled out at the London games.
-- by 会员 SarahOrange (2012/7/26 22:25:56)

SarahOrange

notoriously有贬义的意思哦，臭名昭著


notorious
widelyandunfavorablyknown:a notorious gambler.

补：20120725 <第四期5-04科技> Science at the Olympics: Team science

notoriously [n?u't?:ri?sli] adv. 众所周知地
Anti-doping science is notoriously — some say unnecessarily — secretive; Bartlett says that he cannot reveal what drug-detection techniques will be rolled out at the London games.
-- by 会员 SarahOrange (2012/7/26 22:25:56)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/8/2 12:11:13)

多谢baby指点！

SarahOrange

20120804 <第四期5-09文史哲> Eleanor Roosevelt, 1884-1962: She Was the Most Influential Wife of Any American President

legislator ['led??sle?t?]  n. 立法者
Franklin Roosevelt began his life in politics in New York. He was elected to be a state legislator.

polio ['p??l???] n. 小儿麻痹症（等于poliomyelitis）
In nineteen twenty-one, Franklin Roosevelt was struck by the terrible disease polio.

commentary ['kɑm?nt?ri] n. 评论
She wrote a daily newspaper commentary.

naval ['ne?v(?)l] adj. 海军的
The United States was forced to enter World War Two when Japanese forces attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in nineteen forty-one.

U.N. Human Rights Commission  联合国人权委员会
Later, Mrs. Roosevelt was elected chairman of the U.N. Human Rights Commission.

SarahOrange

20120804 <第四期5-10经管> Is Banking Unusually Corrupt, and If So, Why? Posner

refute [r?'fju?t] vt. 反驳
imprudent [?m'pru?d(?)nt] adj. 轻率的
downright ['da?nra?t] adj. 显明的
One has the impression—no more than that, but it is difficult even to imagine what “evidence” is obtainable that could confirm or refute the impression—that imprudent, unethical, unlawful, and downright criminal behavior is more common in large financial institutions (“banks,” as defined in the next paragraph) than in other, and otherwise comparable, business firms.

account for 对…负有责任
If the impression is correct, what might account for it?

creditworthiness ['kredit,w?:θinis] n. 好信誉
intermediation ['?nt?,mi?d?'e???n] n.中间人
I think the answer lies in the nature of banking, understood broadly as financial intermediation: if A has money he’d like to save and B needs money, then rather than A lending directly to B A might lend to C to lend to B, because C—a bank—is a specialist in assessing creditworthiness.

deposit insurance [保险] 存款保险
Government deposit insurance can reduce the risk of runs and by thus making depositors’ capital more secure reduce the interest rate the bank has to pay them.

correlated adj. 有相互关系的
government intervention政府干预；政府干涉
But risk and return are positively correlated; by reducing risk, government intervention in the banking industry reduces expected return.
amplify ['æmpl?fa?] vt. 扩大
It may also decide to offset the cost of its reserves (cash on which it receives no return), and amplify the spread between its cost of borrowed capital and its return on investment, by making riskier investments with its borrowed funds than mortgage loans, municipal and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, and other conventional bank investments: it may decide to speculate.

firm-specific adj. 公司特有的
Second, not only a bank’s financial capital but also its human capital is short term; very little financial human capital seems to be firm-specific, judging by the rate at which bankers move from firm to firm.

ferociously [f?'r?u??sli] adv.激烈地
scrupulous ['skru?pj?l?s] adj. 细心的；小心谨慎的；一丝不苟的
Any firm that has short-term capital is under great pressure to compete ferociously, as it is in constant danger of losing its capital to fiercer, less scrupulous competitors, who can offer its investors and its key employees higher returns.

utility [ju?'t?l?t?] n.效用
Such a business model attracts people who have a taste for risk and attach a very high utility to money.

gullibility [,g?li'biliti] n. 轻信
sharp practice卑鄙交易；不择手段的赢利行为
The complexity of modern finance, the greed and gullibility of individual financial consumers, and the difficulty that so many ordinary people have in understanding credit facilitate financial fraud, and financial sharp practices that fall short of fraud, enabling financial fraudsters to skirt criminal sanctions.

ineffectuality ['ini,fekt?u'æl?ti]  无效果；徒劳无益；不起作用
ostensibly [?s'tens?bli] adv. 表面上
Its ineffectuality is on display in the Libor scandal. Libor (an abbreviation for “London interbank offered rate”) is ostensibly a reliable estimate of the interest rate that leading world banks charge each other for three-month or one-year loans.  

hypothetical [,ha?p?'θet?k(?)l] adj. 假设的
With the financial crash of 2008 and ensuing reduction in loan activity, banks had fewer and fewer occasions to borrow from each other, so the daily Libor rate became increasingly hypothetical.

solvency ['s?lv?ns?] n. 偿付能力
And since Libor is an index of bank solvency, it was in the interest of the participating banks to “estimate” Libor rates lower than actual transaction rates; and apparently that’s what they did.

laxity ['læks?t?] n. 松驰；放纵
The regulators were aware of this monkey business, but apparently did nothing, continuing a pattern of bank-regulatory laxity of many years’ standing.

revolving door旋转门；十字形旋转门
lest [lest] conj. 唯恐，以免；担心
zeal [zi?l] n. 热情；热心；热诚
One is the revolving door: some regulators look forward to a post-governmental career in the regulated industry and fear lest the industry punish them for regulatory zeal by refusing to give them a good job.

complacency [k?m'ple?s(?)ns?] n. 自满
But the most interesting is the complacency about capitalism typified by the attitude of Alan Greenspan, the long-serving chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, and by other conservative economists.

deregulation [d?'r?gj?,le??n] n. 违反规定
precipitate [pr?'s?p?te?t] vt. 促成
Competition often is an adequate substitute for regulation; that was the insight behind the deregulation movement that began in the late 1970s. But it is not an adequate substitute for banking regulation, because of the macroeconomic risks that a collapse of the banking industry can precipitate.

SarahOrange

20120805 <第四期5-11经管> The Success Myth

wager ['we?d??] v. 打赌
innate [?'ne?t; '?ne?t] adj. 先天的
But I’d be willing to wager that it had something to do with innate ability.

marvel ['mɑ?v(?)l] vi. 感到惊讶
aptitude ['æpt?tju?d] n. 天资
lottery ['l?t(?)r?] n. 彩票
We marvel at their extraordinary aptitude, assuming they must have won the DNA lottery to be so good at what they do.

ingredient [?n'gri?d??nt] n. 要素
Deep down, many of us believe that the key ingredient to success is innate ability.

malleable ['mæl??b(?)l] adj. 可锻的；可塑的
Intelligence, creativity, willpower, social skill aptitudes like these are not only profoundly malleable (i.e., they grow with experience and effort), but they are just one small piece of the achievement puzzle.

endorse [?n'd??s; en-]vt. 认可
prudent ['pru?d(?)nt] adj. 精明的
“When endorsing individuals for jobs, promotions, or graduate school, then, it seems prudent to highlight their potential as a means of engaging recruiters,’ employers,’ and university admissions officers’ interest,” they write.

millennials [mi'leni?l] n. 千禧之子
comprise [k?m'pra?z] vt. 包含；由…组成
Now in their teens through their early 30s, millennials are expected to comprise half of the workforce by 2020.

morale [m?'rɑ?l] n. 士气，斗志
That tension can affect workplace morale.

grip [gr?p] vt. 紧握；夹紧 vi. 抓住
midst [m?dst] n. 当中，中间
cohorts ['k?uh?:ts] n. 军团
But rather than griping about the millennials in their midst, she says Boomers can learn from their younger cohorts.

SarahOrange

20120807 <第四期5-12经管> Who, What, Why: Why are US athletes taxed on Olympic medal wins?

right up there接近(或几乎)取胜(或成功)
The US is right up there in the medals table, and has produced some of the finest displays in the Olympics so far.

burdensome ['b??dns(?)m] adj. 恼人的
This, he said, is an example of the "madness" of the US tax system, which he called a "complicated and burdensome mess".

be entitled to有权；有…的资格
exemption [?ɡ'zemp?n] n. 免除，豁免；免税
With the Olympics taking place in London, the UK would be entitled to claim tax on prize money paid to visiting athletes, but has given a number of tax exemptions for competitors in the Olympics - including on any prize money.

recess [r?'ses; 'ri?ses] n. 休息；休会
Congress is about to go off on a one-month recess, and with the Olympics already well underway, this is, says Erb, more about "political grand-standing" than anything else.

would-be ['wudbi:] adj. 想要成为的
brood [bru?d] n. 一窝；一伙
Eating would-be mates could lead to a bigger brood for spiders, scientists have found.

suitor ['su?t?] n. 求婚者
copulatory ['k?pjul?t?ri] adj. 交配的
cannibalism ['kæn?bl,?z?m] n. 嗜食同类
The egg cases of American grass spiders that ate their suitors were compared with those that did not in a new study of pre-copulatory cannibalism.

spiderling n. 小蜘蛛,幼蜘蛛
cannibal ['kæn?b(?)l] adj. 食同类的
More spiderlings of cannibalistic mothers hatched from thicker cases than non-cannibal offspring did, it showed.

reproductive [,ri?pr?'d?kt?v] adj.再生的
The study is published in Animal Behaviour and thought to be the first to link cannibalism with reproductive success.

funnel ['f?n(?)l] n. 漏斗
habitat ['hæb?tæt] n. [生态] 栖息地
Aric Berning from the University of Pittsburgh, lead author of the study said that sourcing the spiders from the funnel web family was simple, because of their urban habitat.

SarahOrange

20120809 <第四期5-13文史哲> Faces of quiet trauma

Rwanda [ru'ænd?] n. 卢旺达（东非国家）
HIV   abbr. 艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus）
genocide ['d?en?sa?d] n. 种族灭绝
In 2006 Jonathan Torgovnik, an Israeli-born photographer, travelled to Rwanda with a reporter to investigate how HIV had been used as a weapon of war during the 1994 genocide.

atrocity [?'tr?s?t?] n. 暴行
aftermath ['ɑ?ft?mæθ] n. 后果；余波
This atrocity left more than 800,000 people dead, but one interviewee revealed another aspect of its aftermath.

militiaman [m?'l???m?n] n. 民兵
He spent the next three years interviewing women who’d had a child after being raped by militiamen.

parentage ['pe?r(?)nt?d?] n. 出身
He photographed them with their children, many of whom don’t know the truth about their parentage.

ostracise ['?str?saiz] vt. 排斥（等于ostracize）
stigma ['st?gm?] n. 耻辱
"These women are ostracised,” Mr Torgovnik says. “They are rejected by their communities because of the stigma associated with rape, associated with HIV, associated with having a child of the enemy, so to speak.”

trauma ['tr??m?; 'tra?m?] n. 创伤（由心理创伤造成精神上的异常）
candid ['kænd?d] adj.坦白的
But despite their trauma, and despite talking to a man and an outsider, Mr Torgovnik found the women he interviewed surprisingly candid.

testimony ['test?m?n?]  n. [法] 证词，证言
plead with sb 向某人恳求
"I think they’d kept it in for so many years that when someone was finally there to collect their testimonies, they actually pleaded with me to tell their stories because they cannot tell them themselves.”

photojournalism [f??t??'d???n(?)l?z(?)m] n. 摄影报道，摄影新闻工作
For the first time Mr Torgovnik’s work has taken him beyond photojournalism.

eucalyptus [,ju?k?'l?pt?s] n. 桉树
plantation [plæn'te??(?)n; plɑ?n-] n.大农场
We gave him part of our eucalyptus plantation to save my brother, Turgen.

arrogant ['ær?g(?)nt] adj. 自大的，傲慢的
club [kl?b] n.棍棒
He told the other militiamen to reduce my height because I had always been arrogant; so they got clubs and hit my legs.

premonition [,prem?'n??(?)n; ,pri?-] n. 预告；征兆
I had a premonition that I might survive if I picked one child and ran away.