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GWD9-33, 请帮助确认答案

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楼主
发表于 2004-9-19 00:37:00 | 只看该作者

GWD9-33, 请帮助确认答案

Q33 to Q36:


Scientists studying the physiology


of dinosaurs have long debated whether


dinosaurs were warm- or cold-blooded.


Line Those who suspect they were warm-


(5) blooded point out that dinosaur bone


is generally fibro-lamellar in nature;


because fibro-lamellar bone is formed


quickly, the bone fibrils, or filaments, are


laid down haphazardly. Consistent with


(10) their rapid growth rate, warm-blooded


animals, such as birds and mammals,


tend to produce fibro-lamellar bone,


whereas reptiles, which are slowgrowing


and cold-blooded, generally


(15) produce bone in which fibrils are laid


down parallel to each other. Moreover,


like the bone of birds and mammals,


dinosaur bone tends to be highly


vascularized, or filled with blood


(20) vessels. These characteristics,


first recognized in the 1930’s,


were documented in the 1960’s by


de Ricqlès, who found highly vascularized,


fibro-lamellar bone in several


(25) groups of dinosaurs. In the 1970’s,


Bakker cited these characteristics as


evidence for the warm-bloodedness of


dinosaurs. Although de Ricqlès urged


caution, arguing for an intermediate type


(30) of dinosaur physiology, a generation of


paleontologists has come to believe


that dinosaur bone is mammalianlike.


In the 1980’s, however, Bakker’s


contention began to be questioned, as a


(35) number of scientists found growth rings


in the bones of various dinosaurs that


are much like those in modern reptiles.


Bone growth in reptiles is periodic in


nature, producing a series of concentric


(40) rings in the bone, not unlike the growth


rings of a tree. Recently, Chinsamy


investigated the bones of two dinosaurs


from the early Jurassic period


(208-187 million years ago), and found


(45) that these bones also had growth rings;


however, they were also partially fibrolamellar


in nature. Chinsamy’s work


raises a question central to the debate


over dinosaur physiology: did dino-


(50) saurs form fibro-lamellar bone because


of an innately high metabolic rate associated


with warm-bloodedness or


because of periods of unusually fast


growth that occurred under favorable


(55) environmental conditions? (Although


modern reptiles generally do not form


fibro-lamellar bone, juvenile crocodiles


raised under optimal environmental


conditions do.) This question remains


(60) unanswered; indeed, taking all the evidence


into account, one cannot make


a definitive statement about dinosaur


physiology on the basis of dinosaur


bone. It may be that dinosaurs had an


(65) intermediate pattern of bone structure


because their physiology was neither


typically reptilian, mammalian, nor avian.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Q33: 答案D, 请帮助确认答案


The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged


by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was


A. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès


B. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers


C. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time


D. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists


E. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy


沙发
发表于 2004-9-19 05:33:00 | 只看该作者
(Line 25)In the 1970’s,



Bakker cited these characteristics as



evidence for the warm-bloodedness of



dinosaurs. Although de Ricqlès urged



caution, arguing for an intermediate type



(30) of dinosaur physiology, a generation of



paleontologists has come to believe



that dinosaur bone is mammalianlike.



In the 1980’s, however, Bakker’s



contention began to be questioned, as a



(35) number of scientists found growth rings



in the bones of various dinosaurs that



are much like those in modern reptiles.


Q33.

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was




A. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès

(caution是针对Bakker cite characteristics所说的)



B. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers

(尽管some scientists come to believe, 相反的, 文章在recently提到growth ring---另一派冷血动物爬虫类, 且作者并未给出定论, 并提出It may be that dinosaurs had an intermediate pattern of bone tructure because their physiology was neither typically reptilian, mammalian, nor avian)



C. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time

(caution是针对Bakker cite characteristics所说的)




D. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists

考虑到后面作者并未提出赞同任一方, 却反而提出It may be..... (L64-67), 我们可以推知作者认同the “caution” (line 29) urged by de Ricqlès



E. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy (这差太远了)


板凳
发表于 2004-12-5 15:22:00 | 只看该作者

这题太绕了,最后我选了D

分析一下题目所问:

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) (urged by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology) was

作者同意de Ricqlès就claims about dinosaur physiology 提出的 “caution” (line 29) 是什么?

这里的claims about dinosaur physiology 是指什么?我认为是指:a generation of paleontologists has come to believe that dinosaur bone is mammalianlike.这个claim其实是unjustified。而de Ricqlès针对它的“caution”也就如D答案所说的warranted。

地板
发表于 2004-12-5 15:25:00 | 只看该作者

(继续)


如果提问改为:


By citing the “caution” (line 29), the author of the passage would be most likely to agree that de Ricqlès thought which of the following regarding the claim about dinosaur physiology ?


A. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès



B. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers



C. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time



D. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists



E. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy


那么则选A了。


[此贴子已经被作者于2004-12-5 15:31:41编辑过]
5#
发表于 2004-12-6 04:13:00 | 只看该作者

It IS very time-consuming. After giving it a second thought (actually, "N" thoughts), I believe D presents the best interpretation.


I was first confused by the word "unwarranted". As I remembered, warrant meant "guarantee". When I make I purchse, the retail usually gives me a "warrantee" to make sure the quality of the goods. Consequently, this interpretation misled my choice.


However, according to the dictionary, warrant has anothing meaning, which is "to prove something to be justified". If this is the idea the test-giver intended to present, then D comes to be the perfect answer of this question.


In the essay De Ricqlès warns Bakker to be caucious while citing De Ricqlès's argument. Bakker, however, makes De Ricqlès's idea a general conclusion. The following scientists refutes Bakker's conlusion based on new evidence and findings. Therefore, it is proved that De Ricqlès's warning is justified (warranted --- prove something to be justified).


Hopefully I made this clear and did not mislead people.


[此贴子已经被作者于2004-12-6 7:42:03编辑过]
6#
发表于 2004-12-18 21:32:00 | 只看该作者

偶第一次做的时候选了D 第二次选了E(汗-_-# 因为原文前后都提到 intermediate ,看来真是想多了)

回过来想同意A!!

         These characteristics,

first recognized in the 1930’s,

were documented in the 1960’s by

de Ricqlès, who found highly vascularized,

fibro-lamellar bone in several

(25)  groups of dinosaurs. In the 1970’s,

Bakker cited these characteristics as

evidence for the warm-bloodedness of

dinosaurs. Although de Ricqlès urged

caution, arguing for an intermediate type

(30)  of dinosaur physiology,

de Ricqlès发现了。。。。然后Bakker 引用其发现认为。。。。。可是de Ricqlès对此提出caution。 可见这个这个caution与de Ricqlès自己的发现是矛盾的。并不是作者认为这个caution 不正确。

7#
发表于 2005-6-18 16:57:00 | 只看该作者

Up D

8#
发表于 2005-9-22 00:00:00 | 只看该作者
the caution 到最后也没被 warranted 过,只是 may be, remains unanswerd.怎么选D?
9#
发表于 2007-7-7 07:29:00 | 只看该作者

actually the caution has been justified.  Since the findings later gave doubt the earlier notion that dinosaurs bones are mammallike because the bone structures exhibited reptile characteristics.  The findings did not have to prove anything wrong to justify the caution. 

However, I am more in agreement that A is the answer.  Author mentioned de Ricqles's caution in first paragraph but did not reflect on the caution later when the new evidence was found.  I feel that author used the caution as an indication that AT THE TIME since there was no evidence to back the guy up, all de Ricqles could do was sound a caution, the meaning of caution is " I don't know yet, but I wouldn't lean so much towards one side."  Author was strictly putting de Ricqles' caution there to balance the views at that time period.  Not everyone agreed, but the author didn't agree that there was necessarily warrant involved in de Ricqles' case.   I guess you can use A as a safe bet.   Stupid Gmat.

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