每日逻辑连第三季【1-19】

qiuhua01234567

1. Columnist: George Orwell’s book 1984 has

exercised much influence on a great number of

this newspaper’s readers. One thousand readers

were surveyed and asked to name the one book

that had the most influence on their lives. The

book chosen most often was the Bible; 1984

was second.

The answer to which one of the following questions

would most help in evaluating the columnist’s

argument?

(A)  How many books had each person surveyed

read?

(B)  How many people chose books other than

1984?

(C)  How many people read  the columnist’s

newspaper?

(D)  How many books by George Orwell other than

1984were chosen?

(E) How many of those surveyed had actually read

the books they chose?


4A new machine for harvesting corn will allow rows to be planted only fifteen inches apart, instead of the usual thirty inches.  Corn planted this closely will produce lower yields per plant.  Nevertheless, the new machine will allow corn growers to double their profits per acre because __________.

A new machine for harvesting corn will allow rows to be planted only fifteen inches apart, instead of the usual thirty inches.  Corn planted this closely will produce lower yields per plant.  Nevertheless, the new machine will allow corn growers to double their profits per acre because __________.


(A) with the closer spacing of the rows, the growing corn plants will quickly form a dense canopy of leaves, which will, by shading the ground, minimize the need for costly weed control and irrigation

(B) with the closer spacing of the rows, corn plants will be forced to grow taller because of increased competition for sunlight from neighboring corn plants

(C) with the larger number of plants growing per acre, more fertilizer will be required

(D) with the spacing between rows cut by half, the number of plants grown per acre will almost double

(E) with the closer spacing of the rows, the acreage on which corn is planted will be utilized much more intensively than it was before, requiring more frequent fallow years in which corn fields are left unplanted





5Microscopic plants called algae grow inside the top layer of sea ice in the Antarctic if enough sunlight reaches that layer of ice and enough seawater, which contains nutrients, reaches that layer after splashing onto the surface.  Even though moderate snow cover reduces the sunlight that filters into the top layer, sea ice with moderate snow cover typically contains even more algae in the top layer than does sea ice with less snow cover.



Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the apparent discrepancy?



(A) As the weight of accumulated snow forces ice lower in the water, more seawater splashes onto the surface and seeps through the snow.

(B) Seawater in the Antarctic often contains higher concentrations of nutrients than does seawater in more temperate regions.

(C) As the air temperature around sea ice decreases during the winter, the likelihood decreases that snow will fall and thus add to any existing snow cover.

(D) The nutrients on which algae rely are common in seawater throughout the Antarctic.

(E) More sunlight filters through a layer of ice than through an equally thick layer of snow.

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?



6Garnet and RenCo each provide health care for their employees.  Garnet pays for both testing of its employees' cholesterol levels and treatment of high cholesterol.  This policy saves Garnet money, since high cholesterol left untreated for many years leads to conditions that require very expensive treatment.  However, RenCo does not have the same financial incentive to adopt such a policy, because __________.



(A) early treatment of high cholesterol does not entirely eliminate the possibility of a stroke later in life

(B) the mass media regularly feature stories encouraging people to maintain diets that are low in cholesterol

(C) RenCo has significantly more employees than Garnet has

(D) RenCo's employees are unlikely to have higher cholesterol levels than Garnet's employees

(E) the average length of time an employee stays with RenCo is less than it is with Garnet

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?



8Utrania was formerly a major petroleum exporter, but in recent decades economic stagnation and restrictive regulations inhibited investment in new oil fields.  In consequence, Utranian oil exports dropped steadily as old fields became depleted.  Utrania's currently improving economic situation, together with less-restrictive regulations, will undoubtedly result in the rapid development of new fields.  However, it would be premature to conclude that the rapid development of new fields will result in higher oil exports, because __________.



(A) the price of oil is expected to remain relatively stable over the next several years

(B) the improvement in the economic situation in Utrania is expected to result in a dramatic increase in the proportion of Utranians who own automobiles

(C) most of the investment in new oil fields in Utrania is expected to come from foreign sources

(D) new technology is available to recover oil from old oil fields formerly regarded as depleted

(E) many of the new oil fields in Utrania are likely to be as productive as those that were developed during the period when Utrania was a major oil exporter







Which of the following most logically completes the argument?



The last members of a now-extinct species of a European wild deer called the giant deer lived in Ireland about 16,000 years ago.  rehistoric cave paintings in France depict this animal as having a large hump on its back.  Fossils of this animal, however, do not show any hump.  Nevertheless, there is no reason to conclude that the cave paintings are therefore inaccurate in this regard, since __________.



(A) some prehistoric cave paintings in France also depict other animals as having a hump

(B) fossils of the giant deer are much more common in Ireland than in France

(C) animal humps are composed of fatty tissue, which does not fossilize

(D) the cave paintings of the giant deer were painted well before 16,000 years ago

(E) only one currently existing species of deer has any anatomical feature that even remotely resembles a hump

qiuhua01234567

Answer choice (A): The survey in the argument asks readers to name the one book with the most
influence in their lives; the number of books read does not affect this answer. To apply the Variance Test,
try opposite answers of “1” and a large number, say “10,000.” These numbers will not alter the evaluation
of the argument, and thus this answer is incorrect.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer, but it can be difficult since the wording is a bit unusual.
The question is intended to reveal how many people selected 1984 relative to the other choices, and this
addresses the issue raised in the analysis of the stimulus. Consider how the variance test works for this
answer choice:
First try the response, “999.” In this case, only one person selected 1984 as the most influential
book, and the argument is greatly weakened.
Next try the response, “501.” In this instance, 499 people selected 1984 as the most influential
book and the conclusion is strengthened (the other 501 people would have selected the Bible).
Note that you cannot try a number larger than 501 because that would mean that the Bible was not
named most often.
Because the varied responses produce different evaluations of the argument, this answer is correct.
Answer choice (C): This answer is not relevant to the columnist’s argument. Apply the Variance Test to
disprove this answer by using opposite answers of “0” and a very large number, such as “1 million.”
Answer choice (D): Because the argument is about Orwell’s 1984, other Orwell books chosen by the
readers have no impact on the argument. Apply the Variance Test, using opposite answers of “0” and a
small number such as “10” (Orwell wrote dozens of essays, but not dozens of books).
Answer choice (E): The survey in the argument addresses influence, not the actual reading of the book. A
person might be influenced by a book like the Bible through church teachings, etc. without actually having
read the book. To apply the Variance Test, try opposite answers of “0” and “1000.”

qiuhua01234567

sofa

xunjiejie5

B
A
A
B
C
2.
一种新的机器——只能收相隔间距15的——导致减产
事实上还是有收益的
预测：相对成本下降
3
阳光和水——海藻生长
Cover越多使阳光越少——实际上cover的地方海藻还越多
预测答案：相对的营养成分比其他的地方大，所以长得好
4
DG都给员工提供那个健康检查
D提供胆固醇的检查——后期胆固醇会导致大麻烦；R没有这么做
预测答案：R不会有大麻烦，因为他的雇用人的周期短
5
这个好熟的，偷下懒

爱眠梦的咸鱼

31’
Premise：1000个被调查的读者选对其影响最大的书，1984排第二
Conclusion：1984对columnist的读者有很大的影响
推测：第一比第二高很多，第23456.。。名都差不多
B
28’
Background：一个新机器只allow rows to be planted 15 inches apart，普通机器是30 inches
Premise：越近产量越低
Conclusion：新机器可以使种植者的收益翻番
推测：新机器的好处
A
1’06”
Background：algae会在sea ice的最顶层生长，如果足够的阳光和足够的水（有营养）到达这一层
Premise：moderate snow cover会减少阳光照射
Conclusion：但snow cover多的sea ice顶层里的algae比snow cover少的要多
推测：snow cover带来更多的有营养的水
A
50’
Background：G既提供治疗又提供检测，R只提供治疗不提供检测
Premise：G的政策省钱，因为得high cholesterol多年不治的人治疗起来很贵
Conclusion：R不打算改变政策
推测：R不改变也不会增加成本
D
1’06”
Background：最近几年政策限制新oil field的开发，旧的已经depleted，所以U的出口下降了
Premise：现在政策变好了，undoubtedly会导致new fields的迅速发展
Conclusion：现在说new field的发展会增加出口为时过早
推测：旧的怎么怎么不好了
B
52’
Background：giant deer生活在16000年以前Ireland
Premise：一个法国的画上的giant deer有个大屁股，但化石没有。
Conclusion：但没有理由怀疑画画的不对
推测：因为化石不全
C

风鸣蝉

24"
P:对一千个C报读者调查，发现1984影响力巨大，仅次于圣经
C:1984影响力巨大
B

25"
P:收割机只允许植物长到15英尺高，降低玉米密度
C:提高了利润
A

50"
P:一种东西会在最上面一层的冰上生长，因为阳光和水会到这一层
C:雪覆盖的越多阳光越少 但是这种东西还多
A

31"
P:太高的c会导致长期疾病花费昂贵，G公司提供体检c的费用并且对c级别高的员工治疗
R公司没有这样的做法
E

fairytale17

C:1984对读这个报纸的人有更大的影响
P：被调查者最多选的圣经，第二就是1984
1"24 B

P：新的machine会用15inch种原来30inch里面种的corm。
C：新的机子会让corn growers 得到double的profits
1"38 D

P:在Antarctic的algae在有nutrients的layer of ice。
C：有雪的sea ice下面有更多的algae。
原因？
1"30 B

P:high cholesterol left untreated回花很多钱治。G公司pay for
C：R公司没有这个policy
原因？
45' E

P：U的石油出口随着油量而降低。开发新油田
C：新油田会导致石油出口增加
原因？
1"38 E

P的painting有hump，化石上面没有
C：不能说painting是不准确的
原因？
52" C

FFFFFanfan

40” B
P：对1000个读者的调查显示1984对读者的影响仅次于圣经
C：1984的影响力很大
推测：名列圣经之后的影响力差别并不大

29” A
P：一种新的收割机器要求农作物每排不超过1英尺，间距太小会使农作物产量下降
C：新机器使农民收入翻倍
推测：成本下降

45” A
P：algae在阳光照射和水充足处有很多因为它们带来了nutrients。
C：雪覆盖住阳光时却又更多algae
推测：雪带来更多nutrients

44” D
P：G为员工检查胆固醇并医治高胆固醇者，这为G节省很多钱因为一旦胆固醇很高就会花很多钱
C：R并没有受这个激励而这么做
推测：R的员工不易高胆固醇

53” C
P：Utrania尝试改变经济现状以开发新地
C：这种发展必然导致石油输出上升的说法过早
推测：新地不一定提高产量

43” C
P：洞穴里记录的关于这种鹿的画表明它们背上有何hump，而鹿的化石并没有hump
C：化石不能说明洞穴里的画是错的
推测：化石不完整

南瓜0729

22s
P:1000 readers were surveyed and told the most influenced book.
 1984 were number 2.
C:1984 has exercised much influence on many newspaper's reader.
推测：样本是否有问题
E-->B

21s
P：一个新机器让庄稼比以前种的近了 从30inches到15inches.
  这会使产量降低
C：但是profit翻倍
推测：成本降低更多
A

37s
P1：海藻长在海冰的上层，那里可以得到充分的阳光和海水。
P2：但是当雪覆盖在上面，阳光少了，海藻反而更多。
推测：雪里面含有某种东西
A

yhmo139

P:读者在报纸举行的评选中把《1984》列为对他们最有影响的书第二位
C：《1984》对于读者有很重要的影响
推测：报纸举行的调查是否广泛有代表性
B
33‘
P:新机器缩减了播种间隔，减少per plant产量
C：新机器会增加利润
推测：plant数量多了
24’
D
B：海藻需要阳光照射和营养
P:雪会减少阳光的照射
C:有sonw覆盖的sea ice的海藻更多
推测：雪的营养成分更丰富
1min
A
B:G和R两人都为员工提供医疗保险
P：G为员工负担胆固醇治疗诊断费用
C：然而，R不负担这项费用
30‘
A
B：U是oil出口商，因经济停滞出口下降
P：U正在改善经济环境，开发新油田
C：现在说出口改善还为时尚早
1min9’
A
B：发现了一种灭绝的deer
P：史前画里deer有hump,化石分析里没有
C:不可以断言史前画是不准确的
29‘
C