Q25:
The author cites the fact that the Rio Grande pueblos were never formally withdrawn from public lands primarily in order to do which of the following?
A. Suggest why it might have been argued that the Winters doctrine ought not to
apply to pueblo lands
B. Imply that the United States never really acquired sovereignty over pueblo lands
C. Argue that the pueblo lands ought still to be considered part of federal public
lands
D. Support the argument that the water rights of citizens other than American Indians are limited by the Winters doctrine
E. Suggest that federal courts cannot claim jurisdiction over cases disputing the
traditional diversion and use of water by Pueblo Indians
我认为此题应该选C,正确答案是A。 我并不认同3楼的观点,引用如下:
我想,做这篇文章的关键是要看到作者对第二段开头的那个观点(印地安人在美国政府建立之前就在那片土地上生活,所以,最高法院的那些原则不适用于印地安人)持否定态度。
我认为第2段是对第1段所提的3点适用范围的以外适用情况的解释,所以应选C。
另外,请注意如下高亮部分:
reservations. This fact, however,
has not barred application
of the Winters doctrine. What
constitutes an American Indian
(55) reservation is a question of
practice, not of legal definition,
and the pueblos have always
been treated as reservations by
the United States.
另附我认同的11楼的段落大意:
第一段:1908年,在某个例案中,高级法院根据一项关于建立印第安人保留区的treaty,规定联邦政府必须保证保留区内印第安人的水权。之后,又作出了详细的规定,规定在以下三种情况下联邦政府可行使该项权利:1、...2、...3、...
第二段:RG这样一个印第安地区,虽然不符合以上1、2两种情况(情况3没有讨论),但事实上也遵循了winter doctrine. 因为,尽管没有正式的文件,但RG一直都被联邦政府视为保留区....最后,还有一个1963年的法律规定联邦政府设立保留区的方式并不影响到这种保留区遵循winter doctrine,因此,最终确定了RG的水权。
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-15 15:24:02编辑过] |