求助！！！老PREP2 23题，50题

hst199173

50.(33327-!-item-!-188;#058&007566)

When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results.Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on nonevading taxpayers to become heavier.This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?

(A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes.

(B) Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from year to year.

(C) When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.

(D) No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time.

(E) Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.

23.(28303-!-item-!-188;#058&003943)

A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price. Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the maximum possible price for such a product.But large profits on the new product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the new product's capabilities.Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.

In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is a consideration that has been raised to argue that a certain strategy is counterproductive; the second presents that strategy.

(B) The first is a consideration raised to support the strategy that the argument recommends; the second presents that strategy.

(C) The first is a consideration raised to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second presents that strategy.

(D) The first is an assumption, rejected by the argument, that has been used to justify a course of action; the second presents that course of action.

(E) The first is a consideration that has been used to justify pursuing a goal that the argument rejects; the second presents a course of action that has been adopted in pursuit of that goal.

子弹青春

NO.1
C
This question is indeed about“assumption”. Answer C provides the necessary that the law maker will increase the tax rates, because no lost will be allowed and the increasing of the tax rates seems like the only way to maintain the revenue level.

NO.2
C
I think elimination is more suitable to this question. C is the only answer seem to be right.
Then let me do some explaination from my understanding:
there is too strategy in this argument. The first one---A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price---and the second one---the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.
It is easy to understand that the fist protion in the blockface is used to explain the first strategy. Now the key point is that the second strategy is the improved version of the first strategy not the counter version. So it is easy to understand the first portion in the blockface also explain the second strategy because it is the premise to make this improvement.

hst199173

谢谢你的解释！收获颇丰，但是我记得原来上XDF的时候老师讲过but等转折连词后才是作者真正要表达的意思，而且只要转折连词出现那么前后两个BF的论证方向就是反的~这个要怎么解释呢？请指教！

子弹青春

There is always exception! The methods you have learned from XDF is just a simple way to help you find the answer, but it not means it works well every times.

From the other side, do you think there is another word better than "but"?

The most important thing is keeping your focus on your question not the trick you learned from someone.