【每日逻辑练习第三季】【1-4】

xunjiejie5

今天是小xun帮大家出题，格式神马的可能不是很好，大家多多包涵，有什么改进的请daisy姐和truf多多指教。
我下次会改进的。借用一下warm的格式。
关于练习的问题：
计时是计看题干和题目的时间，先不看选项。

精练题的步骤是：
1. 计时看问题和题干，一般在45s内。
2. 不看选项、不看题干按自己的理解写出逻辑链。（逻辑链是需要思考提炼的，不是简单的复制粘贴题干内容哦）
3. 合理推测正确选项的可能方向
4. 看选项，选出正确答案
5. 校对答案，对错误选项给出错误原因和类型的解释，对正确选项分析其与题干逻辑链的关系。

1. Speaker: Contemporary business firms need to

recognize that avoiding social responsibility

leads to the gradual erosion of power. This is

Davis and Blomstrom’s Iron Law of

Responsibility: “In the long run, those who do

not use power in a manner which society

considers responsible will tend to lose it.” The

law’s application to human institutions

certainly stands confirmed by history. Though

the “long run” may require decades or even

centuries in some instances, society ultimately

acts to reduce power when society thinks it is

not being used responsibly. Therefore, a

business that wishes to retain its power as long

as it can must act responsibly.

Which one of the following statements, if true, most

weakens the speaker’s argument?

(A) Government institutions are as subject to the

Iron Law of Responsibility as business

institutions.

(B) Public relations programs can cause society to

consider an institution socially responsible

even when it is not.

(C) The power of some institutions erodes more

slowly than the power of others, whether they

are socially responsible or not.

(D) Since no institution is eternal, every business

will eventually fail.

(E) Some businesses that have used power in

socially responsible ways have lost it.





2.Economist:On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.



Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?



(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.

(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.

(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.

(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.



3.Tiger sharks are common in the waters surrounding Tenare Island.Usually tiger sharks feed on smaller sharks, but sometimes they have attacked tourists swimming and surfing at Tenare's beaches.This has hurt Tenare's tourism industry, which is second only to its fishing industry in annual revenues.In order to help the economy, therefore, the mayor of the island has proposed an ongoing program to kill any tiger sharks within a mile of the beaches.


Which of the following, if true, most strongly calls into question the likelihood that implementation of the mayor's proposal will have the desired consequence?



(A) Even if not all the tiger sharks that come close to the beaches are killed, the existence of the program would reassure tourists.

(B) Business owners who depend on tourism are willing to pay most of the cost of implementing the program.

(C) Tourists come to Tenare Island for its beaches, even though the island features a number of other tourist attractions.
(D) The small sharks on which tiger sharks prey feed on fish that are commercially important to the island's fisheries.

(E) Not all tourists who come to Tenare Island enjoy swimming or surfing.
4. The country of Ertland has never imported apples in any significant quantity because consumers there generally prefer the unique texture of Ertland-grown apples.Nevertheless, apple growers from Kosolia, a neighboring country, plan to sell their apples in Ertland by selling Kosolia-grown apples at half the price of local apples and promoting them as a nourishing, low-cost alternative.



Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the viability of the plan by Kosolia's apple growers to sell their apples in Ertland?



(A) Most of the varieties of apples grown in Ertland were originally derived from common Kosolian varieties.

(B) Consumers in Ertland tend to spend about the same proportion of their income on fresh fruits and vegetables as do consumers in Kosolia.

(C) At times in the past, Ertland has exported significant quantities of apples to Kosolia.

(D) Some varieties of apples grown in Kosolia can be harvested throughout most of the year, whereas the varieties grown in Ertland can be harvested only during two months of the year.

(E) Profiles of Ertland-grown apples are high enough in Ertland that growers, wholesalers, and retailers there could easily afford to reduce the price at which these apples are sold.

5.The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class.This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.



Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?



(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.

(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.

(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.

(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.

(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.

xunjiejie5

bible的答案：
Answer choice (A): Because this answer addresses government institutions, this

cannot hurt the conclusion, which is about businesses. If anything, this may

slightly support the argument. In the middle of the stimulus, the Speaker

mentions that “The law’s application to human institutions certainly stands

confirmed by history.” This answer affirms that statement by adding

governments to the named list of human institutions.

Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. If a public relations program can

cause society to think an institution is socially responsible even when it is not,

then an institution that wishes to retain power could act irresponsibly and then

get a public relations firm to cover up the activities. In this way, the institution

could wish to retain power but not act responsibly. Since this scenario allows

the sufficient condition to occur without the necessary, this weakens the

argument.


Answer choice (C): Many students hold this answer choice as a Contender. The
answer is incorrect because the stimulus contemplates varying rates of power
retention, especially between socially responsible and non-socially responsible
institutions. If you read this answer thinking that the stimulus indicated socially
responsible institutions do not lose power if socially responsible, then you made
a quasi-Mistaken Reversal of the stimulus. There is never a presumption in the
argument that power can be held indefinitely. If there were, this answer would
be much more attractive.
Answer choice (D): The conclusion is clear in saying, “a business that wishes to
retain power as long as it can...” The italicized phrase allows for the idea that
businesses will eventually lose power and ultimately fail. Thus, this answer
does not hurt the argument.
Answer choice (E): This is another attractive answer, and one that lured in
many test takers. The answer states that even though some businesses acted
responsibly (AR), they did not retain power (RP). If this difference between
retaining power and wishing to retain power (WRP) is ignored, then this answer
can be seen as attacking the Mistaken Reversal of the conclusion. As you
learned from the discussion of answer choice (C) of the carpet market question,
attacking the Mistaken Reversal of the conclusion does not hurt the conclusion.
However, this answer is attractive because not only does it address elements of
the conclusion, it also appears as the final answer choice. A test taker who did
not like any of the earlier answers would find this answer quite attractive.

xunjiejie5

答案：2 C  3 D 4 E 5 Ｅ

maylovemay

5 的答案是C 吧， 。。。

xunjiejie5

重新更正一下答案：2 C  3 D  4 E  5 C
感谢mayMM更正和及时指出，以后小xun会注意的

cherry1102

2 Premise：老人摔倒的治疗费用是11000，一个新的治疗项目可以减少老人摔倒的机率
Conclusion：这个新的治疗项目12500，所以不会被justified
思路：强调摔倒不好神马的 long-term pain    C


3 Premise：T鲨鱼总在T到附近，给小鲨鱼喂吃的。但有时袭击游客。
Conclusion：鲨鱼阻碍了旅游业和渔业，所以应该杀掉T鲨鱼
思路：找T鲨鱼的好处（一开始选E了。。发现E好像是无关。。伤不起）   D


4 Premise：E国从不大量进口苹果因为消费者就喜欢E国自己产的苹果
Conclusion：K国打算用E国苹果一半的价格卖给E
思路：K降价E也能     E


5 Premise：HTSI说P车在同级别的车中每次accident有最少的受伤人数
Conclusion：P车是最安全的车之一
思路：找P车所在等级与别的等级的车祸发生受伤率比较   C

高七七

1.
B: avoid social responsibility will lose power
P: not use power will lose it (long run)
C: who wish to retain power would act responsibly.
Choose C

2.
B: emergency treatment for an elderly person-$11000
P: new therapeutic program 减少falling
C: New program cost $12,500 (cannot be justified.)
Choose C

3.
B: TS usually in water surrounding TI
P: TS feed smaller sharks, or attacked human—hurt tourism industry
C: kill any TS within a mile of the beaches
Choose D

4.
B: E 不进口苹果—因为大家爱E本地的苹果
P: K的苹果商打算出口半价的（nourishing, low-cost）K苹果去E
C: 削弱K计划不可行
CHOOSE E

5.
PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car
C: PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars
Choose C

torisea

请假占楼，明早补

torisea

1，60‘
P：business who aviod its social responsibility may lose its power in a long run
C: business should act properly to retain power
weaken: long run vs short run
answer；40’ B

2，18‘
P：elderly person falling treatment cost less than program to reduce falling chance cost
C: the program investment may not be justified
weaken: other positive effect on this program
answer:69'C

3.25'
P: tiger sharks may attack tourist and may negatively affect economy
C:kill shark will help the eco
Weaken: allow other dangers animals in , or tourist may not trust to swim here anyway
answer:40’ D

4，18‘
P：E apple was prefered for its unique texture but K apple half its price
C：K apple will be a good alternative for E apple
weaken: K apple not taste good or other things E customers not like
answer: 30’ E

5，14‘
P：PZ has fewest injuries per accident
C：PZ is the safest car
weaken: fewest injuries not equally means safest, may be have a lot accident  
answer: 33' C

livdl

1 00
Background avoiding being responsible to society will lead to the erosion of power.
Premise when society thinks the power is not used responsibly, the society will reduce the power
Conclusion so any company want to make a long run need to be responsible to the society.
思路 有没有可能 公司做的不是responsible 对 society的 但是society 认为是responsible
B

54s
Premise the treatment of old people of fall is 11,000
Premise a new kind program will reduce the chances of fall
Conclusion but the new program will cost 12500 so the program is not reasonable
思路 有没有可能第一次cost了很多钱之后 cost逐渐减少直到 比原来还少
C

34s
Background the tiger sharks feed on small sharks but sometimes they feed on people
Premise to avoid being attacked by sharks，protect economy and  protect tourism, the mayor decide to kill any sharks around the beach
Conclusion the implementation does work.
思路 因为大鲨鱼吃小鲨鱼 当大鲨鱼被捕杀数量减少时 小鲨鱼数量就会相应增多 ，而渔业是本市第一产业 小鲨鱼会吃很多鱼 导致经济低迷
D

43s
Background this country’s citizens only buy their own apples
Premise the neighboring country decide to sell their apples in half the price of this country
Conclusion the plan is viable
思路 本市的苹果也有可能降价
E

28s
Premise the survey shows that the p cars has average the fewest injuries in every accident
Conclusion the p cars are the safest cars today
思路 每场车祸平均伤员少不代表车祸发生数量少 如果总受伤人数和发生车祸数量同时都很多呢？
++++++++++++++++
我又来补作业了。。