[讨论]大全-20-7(一个具有些普遍意义的题目)和OG-195

jamesliu79

7. It is better for the environment if as much of all packaging as possible is made from materials that are biodegradable in landfills. Therefore, it is always a change for the worse to replace packaging made from paper or cardboard with packaging made from plastics that are not biodegradable in landfills.

  Which of the following, if true, constitutes the strongest objection to the argument above?

  (A) The paper and cardboard used in packaging are usually not biodegradable in landfills.

  (B) Some plastic used in packaging is biodegradable in landfills.

  (C) In many landfills, a significant proportion of space is taken up by materials other than discarded packaging materials.

  (D) It is impossible to avoid entirely the use of packaging materials that are not biodegradable in landfills.

  (E) Sometimes, in packaging an item, plastics that are not biodegradable in landfills are combined with cardboard.

此题的正确答案是A,但不太明白B为什么不能削弱或反对结论呢.

我认为题目是这样推理的:

环境需要可降解的材料,塑料不可降解,因此用塑料替代纸和纸板不好.

反驳:1.纸和纸板也不可降解.

         2.有些包装用的塑料是可降解的.

为什么2没有反驳的作用的,如果2把有些去掉和1是不是完全一样的作用呢?

如果2说包装用的塑料是可降解的,那么能选么?

就象OG 195题:

195.

A proposed change to federal income tax laws would eliminate deductions from taxable income for donations a taxpayer has made to charitable and educational institutions. If this change were adopted, wealthy individuals would no longer be permitted such deductions. Therefore, many charitable and educational institutions would have to reduce services, and some would have to close their doors.

The argument above assumes which of the following?

(A) Without the incentives offered by federal income tax laws, at least some wealthy individuals would not donate as much money to charitable and educational institutions as they otherwise would have.

(B) Money contributed by individuals who make their donations because of provisions in the federal tax laws provides the only source of funding for many charitable and educational institutions.

(C) The primary reason for not adopting the proposed change in the federal income tax laws cited above is to protect wealthy individuals from having to pay higher taxes.

(D) Wealthy individuals who donate money to charitable and educational institutions are the only individuals who donate money to such institutions.

(E) Income tax laws should be changed to make donations to charitable and educational institutions the only permissible deductions from taxable income.

题目选A,如果B说的不是普遍的而是特指的富有的人的话应该就也是答案了,所以,我想是不是如果题目中没有提到的,就不应该做为假设呢?

请大家讨论.

cranberry

og的b错误在于only在文章中是没有这个含义的，而上面一道，如果b项改为所有的塑料都是可降解的话，当然是答案，因为其两个论据一为纸板可降解，一为塑料不可降解，前提是为了环境，所以反对哪一个论据都会削弱其结论。

jamesliu79

谢谢卡百利大虾,非常清楚了!

大虾也喜欢卡百利乐队吗?

paopao

in the passage , we talk about those plastics that cannot be biodegradable in landfills.

so choice b containing information about those plastics biodegradable in landfills is out of scope.